Young People In Russia Research Articles

Multifactorial approach to preparing Russian young people for a future profession

This article examines the theory and practice of a multi-level system of continuous innovative education. The pedagogical system of multilevel continuous creative education is considered in detail, and sufficient creative pedagogical methods are put forward for the formation of creative thinking and the development of students' creative abilities. Creative approach provides teachers and students with intellectual tools for the formation of creative systems thinking, teaches them to look at the world systematically and manage thought processes. Innovative teaching methods in the continuous formation of a multilevel system of creative thinking provide the basic principles of teaching by changing the structure of the lessons and implementing their original content. Using them, it is possible to significantly accelerate the solution of a pressing problem in Russia: formation of a creative personality of students.

Fear of infection and optimism predict following stay-at-home recommendations during COVID-19 pandemic in russian young people

Introduction. Self-isolation regime is an effective measure to contain the pandemic (Alfano, Ercolano, 2020), but the psychological factors predicting compliance with stay-at-home recommendations (CSHR) are understudied. We hypothesized that 1) defensive optimism and constructive optimism will have opposite effects on CSHR, 2) the effect of defensive optimism will be mediated through a decrease of anxiety (fear of infection).Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the direct and indirect (through the fear of infection) effects of defensive optimism (belief that coronavirus problem is exaggerated) and constructive optimism (belief that people’s efforts help to prevent infection and spread of the virus) on CSHR, controlling for dispositional optimism.Methods. A longitudinal study (from 10/4/2020 till 2/6/2020) was conducted on a sample of 306 university students (89% women, MA=21.20, SD=4.54) using a single-item measure of CSHR, LOT-R (Scheier et al., 1994), the scales of defensive and constructive optimism (Gordeeva, Sychev, 2020), and anxiety in a pandemic situation questionnaire (Tkhostov, Rasskazova, 2020).Results. During seven-week interval CSHR has decreased dramatically (Cohen’s d=0.66, p<0.001) while the other variables remained stable. Using SEM we have showed that CSHR at the end of study (T2) is predicted by the CSHR (T1) and through it by the defensive optimism (negative effect, p<0.05) and constructive optimism (positive effect, p<0.001). Negative effect of defensive optimism on CSHR is also mediated by the fear of infection (T2), reducing it. Dispositional optimism is associated only with constructive optimism.Conclusions. Defensive and constructive optimism/ pessimism are essential in explaining health-related behavior.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Youth Unemployment In Russia: Scope and Issues

Young people survived the crisis of 2020 relatively well. The high unemployment rate involving the 15-24 year olds in Russia (15.5% in 2019 compared to 4.6% of unemployment as a whole) is explained by the calculation specifics of this indicator. The average time required to find a job among young people in Russia is significantly lower compared to other age groups, and is close to the developed countries. About half of young unemployed people in Russia are looking for a job less than three months: this indicator is significantly lower compared to the population of other age groups. The share of “discouraged” unemployed (i.e. those who failed to find a job and left the labor market) is comparable to the most prosperous European countries.

Young people in the age of the COVID-19 pandemic: the age-related benefits and limitations

This article explores the prospects of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people in Russia and abroad. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon that modern researchers refer to as “coronavirus ageism”. This study shows that in the age of the pandemic, the young age becomes a natural resource that significantly increases the chances of adapting to the social transformations caused by the pandemic. The author’s sociological research of adaptation strategies and social practices of the post-Soviet youth in the age of the pandemic shows that digital acumen helps to overcome the negative consequences of the coronavirus crisis. The mediation role of the first digital generations in the modern world — Millennials and Generation Z — is important in transferring IT knowledge and skills to older generations. Thus, the intensity of intergenerational contacts can be considered as one of the key factors positively influencing the digital literacy of older generations. This fact provides an opportunity to look differently at the familiar problem of the generational gap. However, there are deprived young people for whom the prospects of succeeding in life in the age of the new coronavirus pandemic are slim. Many young people living in the world’s poorest countries (or regions) have limited access to digital technologies and education. Some young people are cut off from quality health services, which poses a threat not only to their health but also to their lives. Some young people are faced with the hardships of unemployment, suffer from violence, cannot cope with negative emotions and loneliness, have experienced the death of loved ones or friends, etc.

Эмиграционные интенции молодежи: теоретические основы изучения и категориальное разнообразие (обзор зарубежных исследований)

The article deals with the overview of modern international studies of emigration intentions of youth. The special role of psychological research in this scientific field is substantiated. The article reviews the procedural models of voluntary emigration. The paper analyses the significance of the social context and the role of the “migration culture” by shaping the emigration activity of the individual. The article describes the categorical variety of youth emigration intentions in international studies. The article analyses the main research strategies, measurement methods and current trends by conducting such psychological research. It is promising to compare the analyzed results of international studies with those of national scientists in the area under consideration. The data presented in the article can be useful in organizing and conducting socio-psychological empirical studies aimed at identifying the driving forces behind the emigration activity of young people in Russia and other countries.

Life plans of graduates of technical and vocational education institution

The article analyzes the life plans of graduates of technical and vocational education institutions. The sociological study was conducted in 5 cities of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a part of the Russian Federation. At present there is a significant contradiction in the labor market. On the one hand, Russia’s national economy needs workers. On the other hand, Russian young people are very skeptical about working professions, although there is much demand for workers. The study shows that graduates are not professionally oriented, i.e. they are not likely to work in their professions after graduating from colleges. The findings of the study show that professional self-determination of graduates of technical and vocational education institutions depends on the type of parental environment. The authors conclude that the key thing that determines the nature of the parents’ influence on the plans of graduates is the educational background of the parents.

Anglicisms in the speech of modern Russian young people

Anglicisms in the speech of modern Russian young people

Интеллектуальный потенциал молодежи: концептуализация понятия и методологические основания исследования

Analyzed are scientific researches, the authors of which substantiate the concept of intellectual potential and determine methodological foundations for the diagnosis and development of the intellectual potential of youth. The authors of the article considered the concept of “intellectual potential” from the standpoint of various methodological approaches, showing advantages of young people in formation of intellectual potential: speed of mastering new competencies, high creativity, low reproductive inhibition during the development of activities. Problems of development of intellectual potential of Russian young people are revealed. The components of intellectual potential are highlighted, among which a special place is for motivation for mastering knowledge, abilities, skills, willingness to take risks and uncertainty, information culture, etc. It is proposed to determine intellectual potential of young people, based on levels of development of its components. Requirements for educational environment for development of intellectual potential of modern youth are described as well. The conclusion is made, that intellectual potential of modern youth must be formed in a specific educational environment with specific conditions.

Education as an institution of national identity formation

The article touches upon the problem of the crisis of national-state identity of young Russian citizens. Digitalization fundamentally changes the functioning and reproduction of the culture, which underlies group, ethnic, national, and state identity. These changes may cause significant risks of destabilizing the state and its main institutions. The authors discuss the role of educational institutions in the reproduction and formation of new social values among young people and the following formation of the national-state identity. The empirical part of the study is aimed to identify the basis of national-state identity, which is the structure and content of social ideas about Russia among various groups of users of social networks aged 14–35 years, selected according to their gender, age, and educational background. The article presents the results of the empirical study of respondents’ social representations about Russia. It explains the correlation between the national-state identity and social representations of one’s country and indicates the structural-functional and contentmorphological characteristics of the social ideas of young people about Russia. It also reveals the differences in the social representations of young people from different population groups. The results make it possible to clarify the understanding of the pattern of Russian young people’s social thinking, which is responsible for the choice of identification images and predetermines the strength and direction of political attitudes that affect the political stability of Russia.

Prosecutor's Supervision over Law Enforcement in Countering Extremism in the Conditions of Radicalization and Growth of the Protest Activity of Population: Issues of Theory and Practice

In spite of the undertaken legislative, organizational, law enforcement and preventive measures, the Russian Federation witnesses a trend towards an increase in extremism crimes. The key methods of destabilizing the socio-political and socio-economic situation in Russia include the dissemination of political, religious, nationa­listic ideas that acquire the features of extremist ideology and provoke certain groups of citizens to forcible counteraction to the state; they also provoke the escalation of internal and external extremism threats from «pro-western political forces». It is stated that the most urgent problems currently include radicalization, and the involvement of underage children and young people into protest and extremism activities. The authors use the results of a survey of prosecution bodies’ employees in their analysis of the causes and conditions of the radicalization of Russian young people as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of the work of state bodies to counteract the activities of radical unions and groups using religious and extremist ideology. The authors present a brief analysis of the causes of radicalization, protest activities and manifestations of extremism among young people taking Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts of the Russian Federation as examples. Using the conducted analysis of the condition of law and order and the practice of law enforcement in the sphere of counteracting extremism, the authors conclude that law enforcers make a number of mistakes in the application of criminal law norms with administrative prejudice (Art. 212.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), in the interpretation of the concept of «social group» when qualifying crimes of extremism, in the legal assessment of the activities of sub-culture (mainly, youth) movements and unions when prosecutors exercise their right to petition courts with administrative claims to recognize information materials as forbidden for dissemination on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as on recognizing unions as extremist and banning their activities. In this connection, the authors draw attention to the necessity of changing approaches to the organization of procuratorial supervision over the enforcement of laws on counteracting extremism in the conditions of radicalization and a growing protect activity of the population, they point out deficiencies in the conducted work, and present a number of specific measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of procuratorial supervision in the sphere of counteracting extremism in the conditions of radicalization and a growing protest activity of the population.

Представления смоленских студентов о мотивах эмиграции современной российской молодежи

The study of emigration intentions of young students is extremely relevant and is due to the need to solve an important social problem – preservation of human capital within the country, concern for the well-being of young people as the most active and educated part of the population. The purpose of the study is to identify the representation of Smolensk students jf the motives of emigration among Russian young people. The study is exploratory in nature and is focused on finding the answer to the following question: what are the motives for emigration behavior of modern Russian youth? The analysis of students’ perceptions of emigration motives of their peers, on the one hand, allows us to assess the degree of comfort, safety and satisfaction of living environment in the country and, on the other hand, given the high probability of manifestation of the transfer and projection mechanism in answers, indirectly determine the dominant motives of potential emigration of students. The study was carried out on a sample (N = 255) of students from four Smolensk universities (aged 17 to 24 years old; 119 young men (47%) and 136 young women (53%) using the questionnaire designed by the authors. Methods of processing primary data – frequency and content analysis. As a result of a content analysis of students’ perceptions of the motives of the emigration behavior of Russian young people, 6 main groups of motives were identified, which are based on the following factors: economic, political, legal, environmental, subjective and vital. These motivators are analyzed from the position of belonging to the attractive, expellant and individual-personal motives of emigration. The results obtained will help to expand specialists’ understanding of psychological causes of young people’s emigration behavior and can be used in the process of providing psychological assistance and support to potential emigrants.

Relationship between Perfectionism and Forms of Social Activity of Russian Young People: The Case of the Saratov Region

The phenomenology of positive psychology is associated, first of all, with the assessment of the positive significance of mental phenomena, processes, states and properties of an individual, a qualitative analysis of which makes it possible to determine the degree of realisation of personal capabilities in various spheres of life, contributing to the maintenance and improvement of significant resources of ones own self. In this regard, of particular interest is the development of the topic of the relationship between perfectionism and forms of social activity of an individual, since the case in hand is the role of individuals and their subjective properties as a resource of not only personal, but also social, capital. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to conduct an empirical study regarding the relationship between perfectionism and various forms of personal social activity. The study involved representatives of student youth aged between 16 and 19 years ( N = 236): high school students ( n = 118) and university students ( n = 118) in Saratov and the Saratov region (Russia). The methodological tools included: a questionnaire aimed at registering various forms of social activity and their manifestations (R.M. Shamionov, I.V. Arendachuk, E.E. Bocharova and others) and The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (P.L. Hewitt, G.L. Flett, adapted by I.I. Gracheva) to study the relationships between the manifestations of the parameters of perfectionism. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption of the presence of multidirectional relationships between the manifestations of the parameters of perfectionism and self-assessments of various forms of social activity. As a result of the study, the authors established the dominant manifestation of the internal locus of perfectionism and identified the presence of multidirectional relationships between perfectionism and forms of social activity of the students, which made it possible to clarify the specifics of its functional manifestation in the deployment (or limitation) of social activities. It was shown that when the internal locus of perfectionism was fixed, the social and economic activities of the students were deployed, while the educational, spiritual, protest and subcultural activities were limited. However, when the external locus of perfectionism was fixed, the young people initiated subcultural activities against the background of limited educational and developmental activities. In sum, findings from this research can be implemented in the practice of advisory services in educational institutions, and in the organization of socially useful activities for young people, by taking into account their perfectionist orientation.

Динамика религиозности молодежи в России

Динамика религиозности молодежи в России

Fordítói tréning/szeminárium/tábor: mit lehet, és mit nem lehet megtanulni egy hét alatt?

The paper studies the question of the possibility of teaching and learning translation, especially literary translation. First, it examines the theoretical principles of whether the necessary skills for literary translation can be acquired, and what possible forms are there to teach and learn translation. The theoretical standpoint of the author is based upon the training of those Russian young people who are in a special circumstance in Russia, since they translate the literature of a “small language”, Hungarian, to Russian. The author analyses various translator trainings besides university education: translator trainings, literary translation seminars, master courses, and literary translation camps.

Channels and “lifts” of social mobility of modern young townsfolk

The article analyses the recent data on social mobility problem in Russian post-Soviet young people. Based on sociological research in the form of the poll of young people aged 15-28, living in the Russian province – the towns in the south of Tyumen region (N=1200), - the dominant channels of young people’s mobility were found out, as well as the motivation and setting on mobility in different categories of young people. The value of the research results consists in deep understanding of the person and groups’ social mobility problems, on the whole, and young people, in particular, in post-Soviet Russia.

Стратегии социального протеста молодежи в Рунете: сравнительный анализ поколений Y и Z

Исследовательская проблема заключается в необходимости системного изучения особенностей социального протеста и различий в стратегиях протестного поведения поколений Y и Z. Обозначенная проблема рассматривается в трех измерениях: через (1) мотивационную составляющую и когнитивные основания протеста; (2) психоэмоциональные репрезентации молодежного протеста, рельефно проявляющиеся в социальных медиа; (3) конкретные формы протестного поведения в сетевом пространстве. Теоретико-методологические основания исследования выстроены посредством синтеза теоретических положений и методологического потенциала коммуникативного и сравнительного подходов, а также политико-психологической методологии. Дизайн исследования предполагал три этапа. На первых двух этапах осуществлялся автоматизированный мониторинг социальных медиа при помощи систем «Медиалогия» и IQBuzz. Также на втором этапе был проведен дистантный опрос, посвященный особенностям протестного поведения молодых россиян. На третьем этапе осуществлено сравнение специфики протеста представителей поколений Y и Z в социальных сетях Рунета. Было выявлено, что ключевыми мотивационными факторами, стимулирующими социальный протест российской молодежи, являются дефицитарная потребность в формировании позитивного образа будущего, психоэмоциональное ощущение несправедливости существующего социального порядка, установка на восприятие обобщенного института государства как коррумпированного и неэффективного. Выделены пять ключевых стратегий социального протеста, находящихся в стадии формирования: неструктурированная, терминально-атрибутивная, фрустрационная, политизированная, локально ориентированная. Терминально-атрибутивная стратегия присуща поколению Z, фрустрационная и локально ориентированная востребованы у поколения Y. Политизированная и неструктурированная стратегии характерны для «виртуального» протеста обоих поколений российской молодежи.

Как сочетаются социальное, территориальное и гендерное неравенства в образовательных траекториях молодежи России?

В статье проводится исследование социального, территориального и гендерного неравенств при формировании образовательных траекторий российской молодежи в течение четырех лет после окончания девятого класса. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляют первая, вторая и четвертая волны всероссийского репрезентативного лонгитюдного исследования «Траектории в образовании и профессии» (ТрОП), проведенные в 2012, 2013 и 2015 гг. Для выявления на основе эмпирических данных сочетания разных типов неравенств мы используем разведывательный и описательный подход — метод дерева классификации, в отличие от традиционного для этой области исследований метода логистической регрессии. Выделены пять групп траекторий: «после девятого класса в СПО (среднее профессиональное образование)», «после 11-го класса в СПО», «после 10—11-го классов в неселективный вуз» (средний бал ЕГЭ у зачисленных абитуриентов 70 и ниже), «после 10—11-го классов в селективный вуз» (средний бал ЕГЭ у зачисленных абитуриентов больше 70), и «прекращение обучения после окончания школы». Как показали результаты исследования, ключевым фактором дифференциации образовательных траекторий является успеваемость. Для групп с разной успеваемостью следующим по важности фактором становится образование родителей (для тех, кто учится на тройки и четверки) и место жительства (для «отличников»). Единственная группа, для которой значимым фактором формирования траектории выступает пол, — это «троечники», у родителей которых нет высшего образования. Благодарность. В работе использованы результаты проекта «Траектории в образовании и профессии», выполненного в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2019 г. Авторы выражают благодарность Д.Ю. Куракину, заведующему Лабораторией культурсоциологии и антропологии образования Института образования НИУ ВШЭ, за плодотворное сотрудничество и идеи, а также М.Ю. Гурину, стажеру-исследователю Лаборатории культурсоциологии и антропологии образования Института образования НИУ ВШЭ, за помощь в оформлении графиков.

Fast and slow health crises of Homo urbanicus: loss of resilience in communicable diseases, like COVID-19, and non-communicable diseases

Fast and slow health crises of Homo urbanicus: loss of resilience in communicable diseases, like COVID-19, and non-communicable diseases

YOUTH INNOVATIVENESS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE "GENOTYPE — PERSONALITY — ENVIRONMENT" CONCEPTION

This paper, which has a problem-setting character, actualizes and analyzes the problem of innovativeness of young people in Russia. The authors consider this problem in the framework of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to study the interconnectedness of genetic and «environmentally-related» factors of forming personal and professional orientation to innovation. The study of this problem involves the identification of the genetic and environmental economic, social and cultural factors and predictors youth readiness for innovative activities based on comparative socioeconomic, sociocultural, psychodiagnostic and molecular genetic analysis. Understanding the factors and mechanisms of the formation and development of innovativeness is an important research objective that goes also into practical terms, in particular, in the study and implementation of intellectual and innovation potential of regions and territories. Further studies of this problem may contribute to the improvement and refinement of the theoretical concepts of innovativeness and the development of effective methods for empowering personal innovativeness and enhancing the involvement of modern youth in research, entrepreneurial and innovation activities.

АССОЦИАТИВОЕ ПОЛЕ СИЛА: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the content of the linguistic consciousness of the young generation of Russian native speakers in the period from 1988 to 2018 on the material of the SILA (force / power / strength) associative field according to associative dictionaries of the Russian language. In the process of analysis, differences are revealed in the semantic structure of the field and the value orientations of young people at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The study was carried out by analyzing the reactions of the SILA associative field in the Russian Associative Dictionary (RAS), the Russian Regional Dictionary of the European Part (EURAS), the Russian Regional Associative Database (Siberia and the Far East) (SIBAS). As a result, differences in the value orientations of Russian young people have been revealed for the late 20th and early 21st centuries.