Young Guard Research Articles

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ФОРМЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ «МОЛОДОЙ ГВАРДИИ ЕДИНОЙ РОССИИ» С МОЛОДЕЖЬЮ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The article is devoted to the study of the forms and directions of interaction of the «Young Guard of United Russia» with youth both at the federal level and at the level of the Irkutsk region. The object area of the study is a wide range of interaction between civil society structures with political parties and their youth associations, which to a certain extent serve as an intermediary between society and the state in a broad sense. The subject of the study includes the forms and directions of interaction between youth and the «Young Guard of United Russia» (hereinafter MHER) at the federal level and in the Irkutsk region, identification of their regional characteristics, problems, as well as assessment of the effectiveness of their interaction with voters. The chronological framework covered by the study is the period from 2012 to 2022. Data from a survey of young people living in the Irkutsk region were also used as empirical material. Based on the data obtained, conclusions are formulated about the effectiveness of the work of the socio-political organization under study, the directions of development of interaction between youth and MHER, the level of its integration with youth, as well as the openness of the organization to citizens are identified. In general, it can be stated that the activities of MHER are successfully implemented in such areas as the formation of civic and patriotic activity among young people, the development of leadership qualities, as well as assistance to the population in solving various social problems. A sociological cross-section of the analysis of the subject of the study indicates that the work of the «Young Guard» needs to be adjusted. The majority of young people have not formed a strictly positive attitude towards this organization, which creates a significant field for active socio-political work in the future.

Stomatal maturomics: hunting genes regulating guard cell maturation and function formation from single-cell transcriptomes

Stomata play critical roles in gas exchange and immunity to pathogens. While many genes regulating early stomatal development up to the production of young guard cells (GCs) have been identified in Arabidopsis, much less is known about how young GCs develop into mature functional stomata. Here we perform a maturomics study on stomata, with "maturomics" defined as omics analysis of the maturation process of a tissue or organ. We develop an integrative scheme to analyze three public stomata-related single-cell RNA-seq datasets and identify a list of 586 genes that are specifically up-regulated in all three datasets during stomatal maturation and function formation. The list, termed sc_586, is enriched with known regulators of stomatal maturation and functions. To validate the reliability of the dataset, we selected two candidate G2-like transcription factor genes, MYS1 and MYS2, to investigate their roles in stomata. These two genes redundantly regulate the size and hoop rigidity of mature GCs, and the mys1 mys2 double mutants cause mature GCs with severe defects in regulating their stomatal apertures. Taken together, our results provide a valuable list of genes for studying GC maturation and function formation.

Young guard cells function dynamically despite low mechanical anisotropy but gain efficiency during stomatal maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Stomata are pores at the leaf surface that enable gas exchange and transpiration. The signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of stomatal guard cells and the mechanisms of stomatal pore formation have been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the process by which stomatal complexes develop after pore formation into fully mature complexes is poorly understood. We tracked the morphogenesis of young stomatal complexes over time to establish characteristic geometric milestones along the path of stomatal maturation. Using 3D-nanoindentation coupled with finite element modeling of young and mature stomata, we found that despite having thicker cell walls than young guard cells, mature guard cells are more energy efficient with respect to stomatal opening, potentially attributable to the increased mechanical anisotropy of their cell walls and smaller changes in turgor pressure between the closed and open states. Comparing geometric changes in young and mature guard cells of wild-type and cellulose-deficient plants revealed that although cellulose is required for normal stomatal maturation, mechanical anisotropy appears to be achieved by the collective influence of cellulose and additional wall components. Together, these data elucidate the dynamic geometric and biomechanical mechanisms underlying the development process of stomatal maturation.

Книжная серия «Есть стать в строй!» как образец советской военно-патриотической пропаганды

The article considers the history of the military-patriotic book series Est’ Stat’ v Stroy! [Back in lines! - Yes, sir!]. This series was published in 1967-1986 in the Molodaya Gvardiya [Young Guard] publishing house of the Central Committee of the Komsomol. The authors of the article set three research objectives: (1) to examine the composition of the studied book series; (2) to study the sociopolitical conditions of its occurrence: (3) to analyze the features of the subject of books and forms of presentation of the material, and to consider the stages of prepress preparation of these publications. The books of the book series were used as sources. Archival materials from the funds of the Russian State Archive of SocioPolitical History (RGASPI) were also involved. The latter are the documents of the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house, the so-called author’s files for published products. They included author’s applications, publishing agreements between authors and editors, fee sheets, reviews of manuscripts, and correspondence with authors, reviewers, censorship authorities. A significant part of the documents are introduced into scholarly discouse for the first time. The study resulted in the following. The series Est’ Stat’ v Stroy! was the outcome of a political order, as evidenced by the revealed correspondence between the publishing house and political bodies of various types and branches of the armed forces. But the editorial staff also worked on these publications willingly and proactively. Unlike other “custom-made” ideological publications, which were not sold out and occupied the shelves of Soviet bookstores for years, the books of the series very quickly became scarce and inaccessible even in libraries. The work on compiling the collections of the series was a difficult organizational task. It was necessary to coordinate the activities of the authors of sections and essays, reviewers and designers, to obtain visas of political organizations and censors. In some cases, work on books was delayed due to the author’s unreliability or the unsatisfactory quality of the materials. The editors of the publishing house very carefully approached the issue of reviewing the books of the series and involving specialists from leading higher military educational institutions of the relevant profile in this procedure. The books to a certain extent reflected their era, the level of development of both book production technology and propaganda techniques. The books in this series may be of interest to researchers in a number of aspects: as a source on the history of book publishing, on the order of prepress preparation, design of publications; as a source on the forms and methods of military-patriotic propaganda, methods of ideological work in the 1960s and 1970s; and as a source of a general historical nature. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

УРБАНИСТИЧЕСКИЙ КАЛЕЙДОСКОП: МНОГООБРАЗИЕ ОБРАЗОВ ЛУГАНСКОГО КРАЯ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ М. М. МАТУСОВСКОГО И СОВЕТСКОМ КИНО

The object of the study is the image of the Luhansk region as a mirror of the epoch, which reflects social and cultural changes. The subject of the analysis was the lyrics of the Soviet songwriter M. M. Matusovsky and the cult Soviet cinema, which vividly presents the urban landscapes of the region, its architecture, the daily life of residents and the leading contradictions of the time. Semiotic, sociocultural approaches, comparative historical and content analysis are chosen as research methods. It is established that when creating the image of the Luhansk region in the Soviet films “Young Guard”, “Light in the Window”, symbols of rebirth, hardwork, faith in the future, the exploits of heroes and workers were used. In the later films “Anthracite” and “Mirror for the Hero”, there is a rethinking of the Soviet past and a fixation of the crisis of public morality. The philosophy of the artistic image, constructed on the archetypes of search, love, loyalty, rebellion, is revealed through mythopoeic symbols, mythologems of the “technical edge” and “industrial edge”, as well as the character of the main characters. The study showed that cinema, as an artistic, aesthetic and socio-cultural product of creativity, fully reveals the visual portrait of the Luhansk region, creates an emotional intensity and reproduces the rapid dynamics of time, emphasized by the changing urban landscapes of the post-war reconstruction of the country.

«Thick» Patriotic Journals in the USSR: Origins of Their Tradition, Circle, and Opponents

The paper examines the circle of “thick” Soviet conservative-patriotic journals, whose contributors tried to defend Russian national interests and values of the Russian history within the ideological framework of that time. These were, fi rst of all, Young Guard (Molodaya gvardiya), Moscow (Moskva) and Our Contemporary (Nash sovremennik). The terms “thick patriotic journals”, “journal contributors”, and “circle of journals” are considered almost synonymous, as the author is talking about a phenomenon that, although tied to specifi c respected editions, extends far beyond their pages. The main thesis of the paper is that patriotic journals of the second half of the Soviet period continued and developed two long-standing trends that may seem a bit contradictory, but in fact are combined quite harmoniously. The fi rst is the autonomous statist (yet not state-based) patriotism, which strives to bring good to Russia and the Russian people and for this purpose objects to the current government and criticizes it, wishing to bring it to reason, transform and improve, but not overthrow. The second is the justifi cation of the current government, whose merits are not obvious to many from the point of view of long-term national and state interests. The paper examines the discussion between patriotic and liberal journals and authors generated by the famous article Inevitability (Neizbezhnost’) by V. А. Chalmayev that was printed in the Young Guard journal, publications by M. P. Lobanov and S. N. Semanov, disputes by B. M. Sarnov and V. V. Kozhinov, and other issues that are important for understanding of the subject.

Multifunctional training and training complex for the training of firefighters and rescuers

Introduction. The main task of the universities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is the formation of graduates' readiness for professional activity. More than 50% of graduates are appointed to the positions of heads of guards, who, as a rule, do not have experience in eliminating real fires and rescuing people. It is possible to increase the readiness of young guard chiefs to organize fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations by developing the training ground base of the university, which should include objects of various functional purposes, as well as training complexes that allow forming not only practical skills and abilities, but also professional experience. Thus, the development of the training ground base of the University of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is an urgent task, the result of which is the improvement of existing and the creation of new training complexes, as well as the development of methods of practical training on them.Materials and Methods. In order to develop the training ground base of the Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in 2022, the task was set to create a multifunctional training complex for firefighters and rescuers. The project was developed taking into account the statistics of the work performed by firefighters and rescuers during the elimination of fires and various emergencies, as well as the experience of professional activities of practical fire and rescue units. Taking into account the activities of fire and rescue units, the range of tasks to be solved and the regulatory legal framework of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, a list of necessary simulators designed to form specific professional skills and abilities was developed. In addition, to organize effective training of cadets, practical training methods were developed, which used the provisions of the theory of contextual, problem-based and game-based learning.Results. The multifunctional training complex developed and implemented in 2022 in the educational process of the Academy includes 18 simulators grouped into 6 thematic sections designed to form a wide range of professional skills and skills in extinguishing fires and conducting emergency rescue operations. The number of simulators and the methods of practical training on them allow you to organize simultaneous training of up to 90 cadets, both individually and as part of a group.Discussion and Conclusions. The developed multifunctional training complex for firefighters and rescuers has no analogues, the uniqueness of which is confirmed by the received utility model patents. The peculiarity of the presented complex is its compactness, saturation with various simulators, versatility, the use of author's training methods that implement contextual, problem-based and game-based training format, as well as the possibility of implementing scientific research in the field of professional activity of firefighters and rescuers.

Деятельность молодежных политических организаций

The article examines the activities of youth political organizations (YPO), the purpose of which is the political socialization of youth. Since political parties benefit from working with young people for electoral campaigns, political parties create their own youth organizations. In particular, the largest YPOs are the Young Guard of United Russia and the Leninist Communist Youth Union under the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. For political parties, the ultimate goal of youth policy is to get loyal supporters who are close to party values. The author reviews the changes in activities of YPOs in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s.

Pro-Government Political Youth Associations in Russia: Modern History

The object of scientific research is political youth associations associated with pro-government political parties of the Russian Federation during the specified period. The subject of scientific research is the activity of domestic political youth associations in the political, public, cultural and spiritual life of the Russian Federation in the modern period. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the activities of political youth associations and determining their place in the socio-political life of the Russian Federation in the 1990s - at the beginning of the XXI century. General scientific and special historical research methods were used. Among the general scientific research methods, the method of formal logic, the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, and the statistical method were used. Among the special historical methods were used: historical-comparative, historical-typological, problem-chronological, structural-functional method, historical-genetic, method of expert assessments. The article reveals the main pages of the history of political youth associations in the modern conditions of rapid rotation of youth movements. Youth associations associated with pro-government political parties of the Russian Federation are considered. Various forms of their activity are revealed. The characteristic of the political activity of organizations having a close connection with political parties is given. The ideological foundations of these associations are described. The study concluded that the key feature of pro-government youth associations in Russia is the presence of a developed idea about the possibility of broad representation of youth in power. In their activities, youth party associations, as a rule, focus on methods that may be of interest to young people – youth camps, public contests, forums, discussion platforms, pickets, rallies. At the moment, the main pro-government youth force in the country is the All-Russian public Organization "Young Guard of United Russia".

Studying the novel by A.A. Fadeev “The Young Guard” in the 11th grade

Studying the novel by A.A. Fadeev “The Young Guard” in the 11th grade

Вовлеченность молодежных крыльев парламентских политических партий Российской Федерации в современную экологическую повестку

The article considers the degree of participation of young people consisting in the youth departments of the parliamentary political parties of the Russian Federation in the development of environmental problems in Russia. As part of the study, the following youth departments are analyzed: the Young Guard of United Russia, the Lenin Communist Youth Union of the Russian Federation, the Youth of Fair Russia, the Young organization of the Liberal Democratic Party. Features and forms of participation of young people in environmental activities within the framework of programs of political parties are revealed. Determine the degree of participation in environmental protection, the number and variety of events held. The authors conclude that the youth branches of parliamentary political parties are weakly interested in solving environmental problems and half duplicate the activities of their political parties.

VALUE MEASUREMENTS: CONTENT ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

Social media platforms are becoming important translators of values in modern society, where young people express political sentiments through the use of various types of content. Relatively free online communication platforms, as well as high Internet penetration among young people, make it particularly relevant to study political values through content analysis in social networks. In order to determine the political values of young people that they broadcast on social networks, a comprehensive study was conducted based on the use of case-study, event-analysis and content analysis methods. In total, 42 groups of neutral dialogue platforms were studied; 42 - opposition and 23 communities of the “Young Guard”. Such a sample allows us to identify the peculiarities of the transmission of political values depending on geography, local traditions, peculiarities of mentality, and the development of civic activism.

Rewriting under Ideological Pressure: A. Fadeyev’s The Young Guard

The study analyses A. Fadeyev’s novel The Young Guard (1946, 1951), a political command in Stalinist era, inspired by historical events of the Second World War. Although included in the Socialist Realism canon, the novel had a difficult destiny, as it was rewritten under A. Zhdanov’s close assistance after Stalin’s critical reaction to the 1947 film adaptation. The novel may be regarded as a victim of the Soviet myth-making machine and a case of ideological fictionalization, imbued with the main Stalinist motives. The article unveils the tension between the initial creative project inspired by the anti-fascist movement in Krasnodon (1946) and the imposed party direction reflected in the second edition of the novel (1951), which became the official version of the actual events.

ГЕРОИЗАЦИЯ ПОДВИГА МОЛОДОГВАРДЕЙЦЕВ В СЦЕНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ ЛУГАНСКИХ ТЕАТРОВ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ РЕГИОНА

In the world philosophical and aesthetic tradition, the idea of a hero as a spiritually and physically perfect person who, performing a feat, becomes the personification of worthy behavior has been formed. In a feat, the inner strength, strongwilled and moral qualities of the individual, the ability to rise above the ordinary, to destroy the boundaries of the possible are most clearly manifested. An analysis of the historiography of Lugansk theaters allows us to state that the ideological context of the time determined the repeated appeal of Lugansk theaters in the Soviet period of their formation to the heroic theme. The historical self-identification of the region led Lugansk directors to turn to the historical events that took place in the Lugansk region during the Civil War, the Great Patriotic War. The article examines the problem of the heroic personality of the Young Guard through the prism of director's work, which is a category of feat, which is determined by a set of personal properties. The study provides an analysis of the creative practice of Lugansk theaters of the 20th century. and modernity from the standpoint of understanding the feat of the Young Guard. It is noted that the historical self-identification of the region led the Lugansk directors to turn to the historical events that took place in the Lugansk region during the Great Patriotic War, as a result of which the performances "The Young Guard", feat of the youth.

“Before Us is a Brilliant Metaphor of Russia...ˮ (Symbolism and Poetics of M. Gorky’s Essays “The Conductorˮ and “The Mother of the Kemskykhˮ)

The article attempts to read, in a new way, two works of M. Gorky that are little known to a wide audience – “The Conductor&8j1; and “The Mother of the Kemskys&8j1;, published in 1925 under the general title “Notes from a diary&8j1; in the Russian magazine “Molodaya Gvardiya” (“Young Guard&8j1;). The symbolic, parable nature of these miniatures, painted with the help of artistic techniques of symbolism and expressionism, is shown. It is suggested that the symbolic subtext of the “Guide&8j1;, written in the year of Lenin's death, could reflect the writer’s intense reflections on the character of the leader of the Russian Revolution. In both works, Gorky tried to solve the question that was tormenting him at that time: why did the revolution in Russia, which he had dreamed of all his life, has taken such inhuman, brutal forms? And he suggested that the slavish psyche of a Russian person crippled by centuries of cruel oppression is to blame for this.

The role of the Moscow city branch of the All-Russian public organization "Young Guard of United Russia" in the formation and implementation of youth policy in the city of Moscow

The role of the Moscow city branch of the All-Russian public organization "Young Guard of United Russia" in the formation and implementation of youth policy in the city of Moscow

Structural-Integrated 3D Model of a Teacher-Organizer Professional Identity in Conditions of Recreation Institution

The article briefly outlines the scientific basis for the study of professional identity in historical and modern contexts and presents one aspect of the study of teachers - organizers professional identity in a recreational institution, namely the study of psychological characteristics of teachers - organizers professional identity at recreational institutions. The aim of the article is to clarify the structural features of the theoretical structural - holistic 3D model of a teacher - organizer professional identity at recreational institution, represented by integral - qualitative categories (reference professional image of a teacher - organizer, individual psychosemantic matrix, differential - psychological differential) and hierarchical levels: cognitive, associative, autonomous and integral. The empirical study was performed on the basis of the All-Ukrainian Children's Center "Young Guard" in the period from 2016 to 2021. A total of 214 people aged 19 to 35 took part. The subjects reflect the specifics of the professional community of teachers - organizers at a recreational institution. Certain structural elements of the model have a unique content and qualitative and quantitative indicators that reproduce the psychological features of the phenomenon of professional identity of a teacher-organizer at a recreation center. A unique feature of the model "spiral development" determines the development of a teacher - organizer professional identity in spiral and means that the processes and criteria embedded in the proposed model of professional identity develop in time and space simultaneously on several levels and with different quality.

“JEWISH ISSUE” IN THE DEEDS OF ANTON IVANOVICH DENIKIN DURING THE FRATRICIDAL SLAUGHTER (1917–1920)

The author of this article researches the historical personality of Lieutenant-General Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872–1947) – a unique, tragic figure in the history of the Russian power, a military leader, a politician, a writer, – during thirty years of his scientific and pedagogical activity. The scientific results obtained by the researcher are reflected in his doctoral dissertation, four monographs. The biography of the combat Russian general was written, which was published twice (in 2000 and 2006) by the publishing house “Young Guard” in the series “Life of wonderful people”. Documentary-fiction narration about the personality and the fate of Anton Ivanovich has been performed, a large number of articles in scientific periodicals and reports in the materials of various scientific forums were published. An anthology about him is also published in the format “pro et contra”. It is clear that such a vast and diverse body of work could not but reflect the topic that is indicated in the title of this article. Was Lieutenant General Anton Ivanovich Denikin an anti-Semite? If he was, how was it reflected in his deeds? The search for answers to such burning questions, questions that are exclusively debatable and sometimes polemical in nature (both in domestic and foreign historiography), was carried out through the analysis of a number of business documents and materials deposited both in federal state archives and published in various collections and separately. It was necessary to study a number of historiographical sources created by researchers in the Soviet, post-Soviet, modern periods of domestic historical science development, as well as abroad. At the same time, the author of this article tried to ensure a careful and correct attitude to the historiographic developments of the predecessors. However, such a research algorithm does not exclude a critical aspect (do not confuse with ill-natured criticism!). Naturally, the article doesn’t have any claim to represent a complete coverage of the problem. It has some elements of sketchiness and appeals to the author’s early works, which comprehensively research the historical personality of Anton Ivanovich Denikin, including the problem of the «Jewish issue”.

Peculiarities of the influence of media products on the level of adolescent anxiety

The article considers the problem of the influence of modern media products on the psychological characteristics of the individual, the violation of its information and psychological security and, as a consequence, the increase in the level of anxiety in adolescents. The subjects were 90 adolescents aged 13-15, who were resting in the children's center "Young Guard". The following research methods were used: methods of deviant analysis of media text by S.V. Knyzhnykova, methods of studying the level of anxiety by P. Kondash, methods by CH.D. Spielberger to detect personal and situational anxiety (adaptation by Yu.L. Khanin), the test of viability by S. Maddi (adaptation by D.O. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazov). Spearman's correlation method and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that modern adolescents mostly choose the Internet and television among the media, do not approve of aggressive films, but consider aggression as a quality of a poorly educated person and as a result of self-defense against injustice; they consider cruel films and computer games dangerous, they are outraged by the following media stories - a naturalistic depiction of violence, a demonstration of perversions, a detailed depiction of death and abuse of people. Adolescents have an average level of vitality, but the level of involvement is low, the level of control is medium, and the level of risk appetite is high; the average level of situational and personal anxiety prevails, self-esteem and interpersonal anxiety prevails. It has been proven that such media products as violent films and computer games, films with scenes of various types of violence and murders, as well as media stories such as depictions of bullying and violence against people, their deaths and perversions affect the personality of adolescents and contribute to situational anxiety, interpersonal anxiety and general anxiety.

Robert Burns in soviet social commentary of 1930 – 1950s

The article deals for the first time with the systematization and comprehending of journalistic responses to the literary work of Robert Burns in the Soviet periodicals of the 1930s – 1950s. The article «Robert Burns» written by A.A. Anikst, published in №. 4 of the magazine «Young Guard» for 1938, raises the question of the historical role of Robert Burns in the development of English literature. The poetry of the Scottish poet is considered not from the position of her belonging to a certain literary direction, but from the point of view of her uniqueness, which expresses in the amazing closeness to ordinary people and melodiousness, similar to the folklore compositions of the Scots themselves. A.A.Anikst noted in the article the simplicity, naturalness and sincerity of the poetical works of the Scottish bard, who was «not a voluntary philanthropist who looked down on the people», but «a man from the masses», singing in his poems the everyday life of ordinary peasants, poor people, their joys and sorrows, having earned the worldwide fame of a folklore’s songwriter. Burns admired the author of the article not only by his cheerfulness and optimism, but also by the depth and complexity of his emotions, expressed in a sensitive understanding of nature, its aesthetic beauty, the ability to notice the smallest details, to sympathize with an ordinary wild mouse and wildflower, sincerely, together with the people, laugh over the rich, speaking out against their stinginess and emotional poverty. In contrast to A.A. Anikst, G.I. Gerasimov, the author of the article «Scottish Bard», emphasized the international recognition of R. Burns’s work, wrote about the phenomenon of finding his poems «second homeland» in the vastness of Soviet Russia, which became possible thanks to the appearance of talented translations of S. Ya. Marshak, who managed to convey not only the meaning, but also the «spirit and melody» of the works of the great Scots. The article highlights issues related to the reception of the work of a Scottish songwriter in the Soviet Union, lists the facts reflecting the extraordinary interest to his poetry by ordinary citizens, which manifested itself in a high readership demand for his books. The author of the article also wrote about the universal values sung in Burns's poems, as well as about friendship, the ability to value leisure and enjoy life despite all difficulties