Yield Of Agricultural Crops Research Articles

APPLICATION OF BIOSTIMULANTS BASED ON PADDY STRAW COMPOST AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER IN INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY AND RED CHILLI YIELD

Salinity due to abiotic stress can reduce the yield and productivity of agricultural crops. The negative effects of salinity stress can be overcome by adding soil organic matter that is enriched with beneficial microbes. The aim of this research is to evaluate the application of a combination of straw compost with biostimulant microbes and doses of N, P, K fertilizer which can increase soil fertility and red chili yields and can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer doses on Inceptisols saline and non-saline soils. The research was designed using the Randomized Block Design with 14 treatments combination and three replications, namely control treatment, as well as a combination of rice straw compost without or with added biostimulants with reduced doses of N, P, K fertilizer on non-saline and saline soils (4 dS /m). The research results showed that the combination of straw compost treated with biostimulants with various levels of N, P, K fertilizer doses was able to increase plant N content, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) population and red chili plant yields in both saline and non-saline Inceptisols. Biostimulants applied to straw compost can reduce the use of N, P and K fertilizer doses by up to ¼ of the recommended dose for the fruit weight of chili plants planted in saline Inceptisols soil

Efficiency and genotypic quality potential of winter wheat grain in the central chernozem region

Winter wheat in Russia occupies more than half of the sown areas of grain crops and more than 70% of winter crops. Advanced farms with a high culture of farming (crop rotations, fertilisers, soil treatment, etc.). The yield of this crop is more than 40 kg per 1 ha. One of the reasons is the lack of scientifically substantiated varietal technology of cultivation of this crop in relation to soil-climatic and regional zones. As subjects of research, promising varieties, Skipetr,Moscovskaya 56, and Zorro were used. The research was conducted in 2020-2022 in the conditions of the foothill zone of the farm “Dubovitskoe” Maloarkhangelsky district of Orel region. The paper considers the economic value of the variety, which is determined by the totality of biological and technological, food, and baking properties of high-quality varieties of agricultural crops. The choice of high-quality varieties of winter wheat and the use of the genetic resource of the variety is a decisive factor in increasing the yield of many agricultural crops, including winter wheat. When selecting the seed, it is worthwhile to assess it competently and understand all the risks of its cultivation. For many years, breeders around the world have been working on developing new productive and productive varieties. Much attention should be paid to the adaptive adaptation of varieties to external environmental conditions, which will depend on how much stable it will be possible to obtain for the programmed yield. The result of the work done shows that the new varieties under study are not inferior but superior to the control variety, which was required to be proved.

Application of machine learning algorithms for predicting agricultural crop yields

This article examines the use of machine learning algorithms for predicting the yield of agricultural crops. The primary classification method chosen is the C4.5 algorithm, which allows for the construction of interpretable models that identify key factors affecting yield. The analysis utilized data from a dataset available on the Kaggle platform, including information on various crops, their yields, and associated factors such as rainfall, fertilizer usage, air temperature, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. The conducted correlation analysis showed that air temperature and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil have the greatest impact on yield. Despite high correlation, the amount of fertilizer and rainfall were less significant in the model, indicating the need for further investigation of their influence. The model evaluation on the Deductor Studio platform demonstrated high classification accuracy, but there are opportunities for improvement. The importance of the results underscores the necessity for precise monitoring and management of key factors in agricultural practice to enhance productivity. Future research could focus on integrating larger datasets and more complex algorithms, as well as utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) systems for more accurate monitoring and yield prediction.

Synthetic Biology Approaches to Posttranslational Regulation in Plants.

To date synthetic biology approaches involving creation of functional genetic modules are used in a wide range of organisms. In plants, such approaches are used both for research in the field of functional genomics and to increase the yield of agricultural crops. Of particular interest are methods that allow controlling genetic apparatus of the plants at post-translational level, which allow reducing non-targeted effects from interference with the plant genome. This review discusses recent advances in the plant synthetic biology for regulation of the plant metabolism at posttranslational level and highlights their future directions.

THE FORMATION OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC POTENTIAL OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND FOLIAR NUTRITION WITH ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZER

The main key to the formation of the maximum yield of agricultural crops in general, and of soybeans in particular, is the index of the leaf surface area. Providing plants with a full range of mineral nutrition elements and foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer significantly affect the indicator of the size of the assimilation surface and the intensity of its growth. Foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizers and applying mineral fertilizers in different doses according to research results is quite an effective way to ensure optimal nutrition of plants. The results of research on the study of the photosynthetic productivity of soybean varieties under the influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers and different periods of foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer (foliar fertilizing in the phase of the 3rd trifoliate leaf, foliar fertilizing in the phase of budding) in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe are presented. The peculiarities of the formation of the leaf surface area of soybean plants have been established. It was found that the dose of mineral fertilizers and the timing of foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost Soybean (2.0 l/ha) had a significant impact on this indicator. The use of foliar fertilizing with Helprost Soybean in the budding phase ensured an increase in the leaf surface area by 7.2 - 12.7% in the Onyx variety and, accordingly, by 8.6 - 13.3% in the Sensor variety. Based on the results of research, it was found that the most effective technological technique was the combination of foliar feeding in the phase of the 3rd trifoliate leaf with Helprost Soybean with foliar feeding with the same organo-mineral fertilizer in the budding phase. Such growing conditions contributed to an increase in the area of leaves in comparison with variants without treatment by 10.6-17.9% in the Onyx variety and 12.3-18.2% in the Sensor variety. According to the results of the observations and calculations, it was found that the photosynthetic potential of soybean crops increased dynamically during the entire growing season and was directly dependent on the doses of mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilizing with organic-mineral fertilizers, and the weather conditions of the year. Together with mineral fertilizers, foliar feeding in different phases of the growing season of soybean crops had a positive effect on the formation of the photosynthetic potential of crops.

К вопросу повышения водообеспеченности Верхне-кубанской оросительной системы Краснодарского края

The efficiency of the use of irrigated lands and the receipt of project yields of agricultural crops is associated with the technical condition of the GTS of the reclamation complex, which ensures the management of flood runoff and water intake for irrigation, which, according to various expert estimates, is characterized as satisfactory and unsatisfactory for most structures. The purpose of the study was to develop measures to improve the water supply of the Upper Kuban irrigation system of the Krasnodar Territory by reconstructing the hydroelectric complex on the Novokuban Canal. The analysis of long-term data on the runoff of the river. Kuban and carried out survey and topographic surveys of the Novokuban canal hydroelectric complex. According to the results of the study, it was noted that in 2022, with an annual plan for the supply of water to consumers of 12.12 million cub. meters, the actual water withdrawal amounted to 5.87 million cub. meters, of which 5.28 million cub. meters were used for irrigation, and out of 8.32 thousand hectares of irrigated land, only 3.31 thousand hectares were irrigated. It has been established that the gates of the water control facility are out of order, due to which the canal incurs unproductive expenses during floods, and an emergency discharge creates backwater in the canal bed, which creates emergency situations. An action plan has been developed for the reconstruction of the hydroelectric complex, including the construction of a reinforced concrete water intake with the installation of sluice-regulators with flat gates on the main channel of the canal and the discharge channel with the replacement of culverts. These repair and restoration works will improve the safety of the operation of the Novokuban Canal and the water supply of the Upper Kuban irrigation system, the involvement of existing and the introduction of new irrigated lands, and the expansion of the sowing structure of highly profitable agricultural crops that are responsive to irrigation.

The impact of saline and water stress on the agronomic performance of beet crops.

Excessive salts in irrigation water and water stress have a negative impact on the productive yield of agricultural crops. In this regard, the objective was to evaluate the effect of combined saline and water stress on the agronomic performance of the beet crop. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, in Redenção, Ceará. The experimental design used was completely randomized with split-plots arrangement. The main plots were formed by the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.8, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1), while the irrigation depths of 50 and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were the subplots, with 6 replications. Saline stress negatively affected growth, biomass, tuber root length, and productivity, while increasing the soluble solids of the beet crop. Excessive salts in the irrigation water caused reductions in physiological indices of the beet crop, although with less severity under the 100% ETc.

Solution of the Heat and Mass Transfer Problem for Soil Radiant Heating Conditions Using the Error Function

Achieving high yields of agricultural crops requires the ability to predict soil temperature and moisture regimes, taking into account soil heating technology. The object of study is soil heated by a ceiling infrared emitter. The subject of study is one-dimensional non-stationary fields of soil moisture content and temperature. The objective of the study is to predict soil temperature and moisture regimes under radiant heating conditions. Research methods: analytical methods for solving differential equations of heat and mass transfer using the error function. Research results: the top 5 mm layer of milled peat with an initial moisture content of 3.7 kg/kg will reach a final moisture content of 1.0 kg/kg in about 6 hours during infrared drying. As a result of radiant heating, the soil will heat up from an initial temperature of 5 ℃ to a final temperature of 20 ℃ in approximately 3 hours. The analytical solution of the mass transfer differential equation can be used for theoretical studies of drying of capillary-porous materials, for example, to determine the drying period or the thickness of the material layer that will dry to a given final moisture content. The analytical solution of the heat transfer differential equation can be used to control the operating mode of the infrared radiation source, for example, to determine the periods of its operation and switching off in case the soil surface temperature reaches the maximum (critical) value. The mathematical solutions considered in the article do not take into account the cross processes of heat and mass transfer, which is a promising direction for further scientific research.

Econometric studies in forecasting increased yield productivity of agricultural crops

The article, based on econometric research, examines the relevance of econometric methods of planning and forecasting, as well as methods for compiling econometric models for quantitative analysis and forecasting of agricultural crop yields. In addition, using methods of analysis and forecasting of econometric modeling based on experimental data, the work examined the trend in the dynamics of agricultural crop yields and made a forecast for the future using compiled linear trend equations, as well as provided feedback and suggestions on the results of the study.

Enhancing Agricultural Productivity in Uzbekistan: Arduino-Based IoT Framework for Sunflower Seed Yield Improvement through Air and Soil Moisture Monitoring

The core theme of the current investigation is to explore the application of an IoT framework protocol based on an Arduino platform designed to optimize sunflower seed production in Uzbekistan based on the levels of air quality and soil moisture. In essence, the need is to give best actionable intelligence to farmers and the stakeholders in the agricultural sector on crop growing opportunities. The above proposed system involves the use of air quality sensors MQ-135 for instance, and soil moisture sensors. The sensors are connected to Arduino boards to collect necessary data and measurements are recorded every 30 minutes using available WiFi and Bluetooth modules for continuous monitoring. The simulation reveals air quality data of the sunflower fields of the present scenario to be an average at PM2.5 is of 75 µg/m³, which poses danger to the wellbeing of plants. It is further expected that the use of MQ-135 air quality sensors will decrease the overall average of PM2.5 to 45 µg/m³, the local authorities managed to cut emissions by 40% as part of the EU plan. At the present time, the content of the field moistures is 15 % VWC, which is not favorable for sunflower development. Soil moisture sensors for accurate irrigation control is another advance that requires soil moisture levels to rise to 25% vadium weight (VWC), up from 66. 7% improvement. Therefore, it means that the yields from the sunflower seeds are expected to rise from the current average of 1, 500Kg/ha to 1, 875 Kg/ha, which is a 25% enhancement. These results imply that IoT systems developed on the Arduino platform may be used to oversee environmental alteration and increase the agricultural crop yield by a wide margin. The possibility was identified to achieve significant outcomes in increasing sunflower seed production based on this framework when implemented on a larger scale for the benefit of Uzbek farmers.

Índices de vegetação para monitoramento do desempenho agronômico da batata sob combinações de adubação mineral e orgânica

ABSTRACT Potatoes are one of the main vegetables consumed worldwide. However, dependence on mineral fertilizers compromises producers’ profitability. New alternatives are required to increase agricultural crop yield while sustaining production. Vegetation indices have improved the agility and benefits of experimental evaluations of vegetables; however, there is a scarcity of information on potatoes. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different vegetation indices for monitoring the agronomic performance of potato crops fertilized with a combination of mineral fertilizers and organic compost. The study was conducted in the municipality of Perdizes, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A randomized block design was used. Each plot was divided into five subplots that received 25 combinations of mineral and organic fertilizer treatments in four replications. Images were acquired using a remote-piloted aircraft, which generated spectral values of vegetation indices in relation to various combinations of fertilizer doses. Mineral fertilizer doses significantly correlated with the normalized green-red difference index (NGRDI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and green leaf index (GLI) at r = 0.824, 0.836, and 0.833, respectively. Even in an environment with high variability in plant growth, the NGRDI, NDVI, and GLI were significantly correlated with mineral fertilization. The agronomic performance of potato crops under various fertilizer dosages could be monitored using the obtained vegetation indices.

Entomopathogenic Fungi: Nature's Secret Weapon Against Agricultural Pests

Insect pests pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity and crop yield worldwide. Conventional pest control methods, such as chemical pesticides, have limitations and adverse environmental effects. Therefore, there is a growing need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives in pest management. This review explores the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as a promising biological control agent for insect pests in agriculture. The review begins by providing an overview of entomopathogenic fungi and their significancce. These fungi possess unique mechanisms to infect and kill insect pests. The mode of action involves attachment of fungal spores to the insect's cuticle, followed by penetration, colonization, and release of toxic metabolites within the host. Various factors influence the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, including environmental conditions, insect host susceptibility, and formulation/application methods. The benefits of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents are discussed, including their compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and minimal impact on non-target organisms. However, challenges exist in scaling up their commercial application. The review presents case studies showcasing successful field applications of entomopathogenic fungi in pest management. Future prospects and research directions are identified, emphasizing the importance of continued advancements in understanding the interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insect pests. Regulatory frameworks and public acceptance are crucial for the widespread adoption of these fungi in agriculture. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi offer immense potential as sustainable and effective tools for biological control of insect pests in agriculture. Their ability to target specific pests, compatibility with IPM, and minimal environmental impact make them a viable alternative to chemical pesticides. Further research, collaboration, and implementation are necessary to fully harness the potential of entomopathogenic fungi in integrated pest management strategies.

Yield Prediction and Recommendation of Crops in the Northeastern Region Using Machine Learning Regression Models

Agriculture has a big impact on society because it is essential for a large percentage of our food. The issue of hunger is getting worse by a growing population in many nations, resulting in food shortages or insufficiencies. To meet the world's food needs, it is ever more crucial to provide crop protection, conduct detailed land surveys, and predict crop yields. To calculate the estimated number of crops that are produced in a year, this research focuses on the use of machine learning techniques to predict crop yield and recommend crops with the highest yield in the Northeast region of India. The crop market's fluctuations in prices may be controlled with the aid of this information. To estimate agricultural crop yields, this study accurately evaluates a range of machine learning regression models, such as Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting), and AdaBoost. With a 0.98 R2 score for the XGBoost and 0.96 for the Random Forest, they performed better than the other models.

Chitosan and its derivatives as promising plant protection tools.

In modern conditions, the increase in the yield of agricultural crops is provided not by expanding the areas of their cultivation, but mainly by introducing advanced technologies. The most effective strategy for this purpose is the development of genetically resistant and productive cultivars in combination with the use of a variety of plant protection products (PPPs). However, traditional, chemical PPPs, despite their effectiveness, have significant drawbacks, namely, pollution of environment, ecological damage, toxicity to humans. Recently, biological PPPs based on natural compounds have attracted more attention, since they do not have these disadvantages, but at the same time they can be no less effective. One of such agents is chitosan, a deacetylation product of chitin, one of the most common polysaccharides in nature. The high biological activity, biocompatibility, and safety of chitosan determine the breadth and effectiveness of its use in medicine, industry, and agrobiology. The review considers various mechanisms of action of chitosan as a biopesticide, including both a direct inhibitory effect on pathogens and the induction of plant internal defense systems as a result of chitosan binding to cell surface receptors. The effect of chitosan on the formation of resistance to the main classes of pathogens: fungi, bacteria, and viruses has been shown on a variety of plant objects. The review also discusses various ways of using chitosan: for the treatment of seeds, leaves, fruits, soil, as well as its specific biological effects corresponding to these ways. A separate chapter is devoted to protection products based on chitosan, obtained by its chemical modifications, or by means of combining of a certain molecular forms of chitosan with various substances that enhance its antipathogenic effect. The data presented in the review generally give an idea of chitosan and its derivatives as very effective and promising plant protection products and biostimulants.

Improvement of cereal harvest programming methods using computer simulation information technology

The paper is dedicated to a topical scientific and applied problem – the development of information technology of computer modelling intended for programming the yield of agricultural crops. The paper describes information technology of computer modelling of the yield of agricultural crops (on the example of Avena sativa subsp. nudisativa), which is based on the application of Bayesian methods to modelling and prediction in conditions of statistical, parametric and structural uncertainty. The study was based on the materials of laboratory experiments carried out in conditions close to natural, on the prediction of physiological processes occurring in plants under the influence of regulated and unregulated factors. Proposed approach described the change in the productivity of grain crops, in particular Avena sativa subsp. nudisativa, depending on the parameters of plant growth and development, photosynthetic apparatus and duration of its functioning. Scientific novelty of the work was application of probabilistic and statistical models in the form of Bayesian networks in the system of programming the yield of agricultural crops. The paper considered several scenarios of the combined effect of growth regulators and herbicides on the productivity of Avena sativa subsp. nudisativa. Net productivity of photosynthesis was chosen as the target variable of the studied process. Mathematical models in the form of Bayesian network turned out to be adequate for the process chosen for modelling. Achieved error of model classification was about 20%. The model structure was built in Genie 2.0 modelling system. It was found that by researching and simulating potential opportunities of ecological features of plants, it was possible to achieve an increase in yield by reducing the doses of herbicides and growth regulators by their combined use, which significantly increased the crop quality. Proposed information technology uses methods of intelligent data analysis, has a modular structure and can be used separately and as part of other information and analytical systems.

ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE FARMS

The article substantiates the main stages of formation and development of farms. The vital needs of a farmer's family are highlighted, which determine the main strategic priorities of farming in conditions of instability. The dynamics of the number of farms in Ukraine and the area of ​​agricultural land in their use, as well as the wages of the farmer's family and hired workers, were analyzed. An assessment of material and technical support for newly created farms with the size of land plots of 5, 20 and 50 hectares with a certain specialization before the start of military aggression was carried out. The average prices for agricultural products (2010−2022) were studied, in addition, the harvested area, the yield of the main agricultural crops and the production of plant and animal products by national farms were analyzed.

Influence of the Complex Bacterial Preparation Azogran on Some Physiological-Biochemical Properties and Productivity of Potato Plants Infected by the Potato Virus X

The problem of increasing the yield of cultivated plants attracts the attention of specialists and prompts scientists to study viral plant diseases as one of the causes of significant crop losses. A virus is an endogenous parasite that, having entered plant cells, uses the functions of cell organoids and biosystems for its reproduction, which leads to plant disease and a decrease in their productivity. One of the promising approaches to reducing viral damage to plants is the use of microbial antiviral preparations. The complex bacterial preparation Azogran, developed at the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, is based on the interaction of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Bacillus subtilis IMV B-7023, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076, and clay mineral — bentonite. Phosphate-mobilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria significantly improve the growth and development of plants, essentially increasing the yield of agricultural crops. However, the effect of Azogran on the development and yield of potato plants infected with the X-virus has not been sufficiently studied. Taking this into account, the aim of the work was to study the effect of the complex bacterial preparation Azogran on the growth, some physiological and biochemical properties, and productivity of potato plants, uninfected and infected by the potato virus X. Methods. Microbiological (obtaining the bacterial preparation Azogran, used in granular form (0.25 g)), virological (isolation of potato virus X, inoculation of plants with potato virus X), serological (testing for the presence or absence of the virus), biochemical (determination of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), spectrophotometric, and statistical analysis. Results. In the conducted experiments, the Azogran was used in granular form in the amount of one and two granules. The effectiveness of the use of the preparation, which stimulates the intensive growth of plants of two varieties of potatoes (early variety Spokusa and medium variety Diva), which leads to an increase in their yield, is shown. The positive effect of Azogran was observed on the development of both infected and non-infected plants. It was found that when two granules of the preparation were applied, the yield of potatoes of the Diva variety increased by 27.02%, and the yield of potatoes of the Spokusa variety under the same conditions increased by 29.46%. A similar effect of Azogran was observed on plants infected with the potato virus X, only to a lesser extent: in the Diva variety, the yield was 16.3% higher compared to the control (control — plants not infected by the virus), and in the Spokusa variety it was higher by 22.59%. When studying the content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in virus-infected potato plants, it was established that the content of chlorophylls at different stages of virus infection was different, but the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was higher in plants bacterized with Azogran. Conclusions. The complex bacterial preparation Azogran has a positive effect on the development of uninfected and infected plants, reducing the harmfulness of viral infections and contributing to the increase in potato productivity. Azogran can be successfully used in crop production to increase the quality and quantity of crop yields.

Assessment of the level of competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural holdings in international markets

Agriculture remains one of the main sectors that play an important role in both the country’s economic development and strategic security. Therefore, conducting an ongoing study of this component in the country is relevant. The purpose of the study was to determine the competitive opportunities of agricultural holdings in Ukraine. The methods of scientific cognition that were used in the work were abstract and logical, dialectical, general scientific and statistical methods, methods of historical and logical observation, analysis and synthesis. This study analyses the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural production, in particular by such indicators as: dynamics of gross harvest, yield and acreage of the main agricultural crops, balance of agricultural production, export of agricultural products and their processed products during 2000-2023. The methods that need to be implemented to make the agro-industrial complex competitive in the global market are also proposed. The results of this research on the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural holdings in international markets, and the conclusions drawn on their basis, are of significant importance, as they prove that powerful agricultural holdings operate in Ukraine, characterised by dynamic capabilities, increase their capacities, attract unused arable land, and effectively use the potential of resources and crops. In addition, the development of world markets for agricultural products is promising for agricultural holdings, because Ukraine is geographically located almost in the centre of international trade networks, and exports in some strategic areas will help agricultural enterprises avoid uncertainty and possible large losses. The assessment of agricultural holdings, namely Kernel and Myronivsky Hlibprodukt, showed that even in war conditions, agricultural companies have opportunities to develop and enter international markets. The findings obtained in the framework of the study can be used both by representatives of the public sector to form policies in this area, and by enterprises to create long-term development strategies.

OPTIMIZATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS UPON ADDITIONAL APPLICATION OF FRESH ORGANIC MATTER TO THE SOIL

Objective. Using biological testing, determine the environmental appropriate rates of mineralnitrogen, applied in the background of effect and aftereffect of straw and biomass of intermediatelupine green manure, in the fertilization system of potatoes and spring barley. Methods. Field experiment (growing crops in crop rotation in the conditions of a long-term (since 2009) stationaryexperiment on leached chornozem); gas chromatographic (to determine the potential nitrogenfixing (nitrogenase) and potential denitrifying activities in the rhizosphere soil of plants dependingon the fertilizer); statistical. Results. With the systematic application of fresh organic matter to thesoil in the form of 5.0 t/ha of straw and 5.3 t/ha of dry biomass of intermediate lupine green manure, the excess of nitrogen mineral compounds is metabolically bound (immobilized) by microorganisms, the process of nitrogen fixation is restored, the emission of N2O decreases, and the ratesof mineral fertilizers not exceeding N80P80K80 become environmentally appropriate when growingpotatoes. At the same time, the introduction of straw does not require additional provision of mineral nitrogen to optimize the C/N ratio. The highest rate of mineral fertilizers N120P120K120 in theexperiment, even when combined with organic matter for a long time is environmentally inappropriate — only at the end of the growing season, the studied indicators demonstrate its acceptability.When growing spring barley on leached chornozem, the optimization of the processes of biologicaltransformation of nitrogen compounds is achieved if mineral fertilizers are applied on the background of aftereffect of organic matter in a rate not exceeding N60P60K60. Systemic application ofN90P90K90 suppresses the activity of nitrogen fixation and ensures significant losses of nitrous oxide.This rate of fertilizers should be applied only on the condition that it is applied against the background of the aftereffect of straw and green manure mass, which contributes to the mitigation ofenvironmental consequences. Conclusion. The use of mineral fertilizers against the backgroundof systematic application of winter wheat straw and intermediate lupine green manure biomass tothe soil contributes to the optimization of the biological state of the leached chornozem. The improvement of environmental indicators contributes to the growth of the yield of agricultural crops.

USE OF NEW GENERATION FERTILIZERS ON WINTER TRITICALE CROPS

The article scientifically substantiates the literary sources on the cultivation of winter triticale for grain and green fodder. It is proved that the use of new high-yielding varieties of winter triticale is a powerful factor in stabilizing the grain economy of the country. Therefore, in this context, it is important to use the latest measures in innovative technologies to increase the yield and quality of crop production. Among the innovative measures in the technological process of growing agricultural crops, foliar feeding of plants with microfertilizers of biological, organic and chemical origin has become widely popular. With the correct application of these preparations, foliar feeding can be a more effective tool for eliminating the deficit in micro- and macroelements, compared to the application of mineral fertilizers in the soil, since nutrients directly enter the plant tissue in critical stages of development. Foliar fertilization does not replace soil application of fertilizers, but contributes to the effective addition of the main nutrition system and ensures an increase in the yield and quality of agricultural crops. It has been established that winter triticale is a promising, high- yielding crop, regardless of its direction of use (grain, green mass). By biological characteristics, the growth rates of the stem of winter triticale are determined by the genetic trait characteristic of all cereal crops. It has been established that from the tillering stage to the full exit into the tube, that is, during this interphase period, the height of the plants increased by 2.2-2.3 times, regardless of the varietal characteristics of the culture. It has been previously found that the use of Dr Green preparations for foliar feeding during the main growth and development phases is aimed at suppressing growth processes in height, starting from the full exit into the tube.