Barley Yield Research Articles

Effects of Weeding Frequency and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Yield performance, Western Ethiopia

Background: Food barley is one of the main staple crops in Ethiopia, however, its production is influenced by several factors including the effect of weeds and low soil fertility. Purpose: An experiment was conducted with the objective of investigating the combined impact of weeding frequencies and NPS fertilizer rates on barley growth and yield performance. Methodology: Three levels of weeding frequencies (designated as W1, W2, and W3 for one-time, two-time, and three-time weeding, respectively), and five levels of NPS fertilizers (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) were applied in an RCB and replicated three times. HB1307 was used as the test material. Results: The results indicated that NPS fertilizer rates and weeding frequency had a significant (p < 0.01) main influence on barley phenology. The interaction between NPS fertilizer rates and weeding frequency resulted in a highly significant (p < 0.01) impact on food barley production, grain yield, and other yield component metrics. Maximum straw yield (5476 kg ha-1) was obtained from the application of 200 kg NPS ha-1 with three weeding frequencies. Moreover, the highest grain output (4726 kg ha-1) and highest net return (106,889.8 ETB (Ethiopian Birr ha-1) with a marginal rate of return (47430.8%) were achieved by applying 200kg NPS ha-1 and weeding three times. Conclusion: Barley yield performance was greatly influenced by the application of 200 kg NPS ha-1 with three times weeding, resulting in the maximum grain yield (4726 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5476 kg ha-1) that was determined to be cost-effective. However, further research is required to achieve optimum rates of treatment.

Effects of vermicompost and mineral fertilizers on soil properties, malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.) yield, and economic benefits

AbstractSoil fertility depletion has significantly reduced the yields of various crops in Ethiopia, mainly the yield of malt barley in the district. To address this issue, integrated applications of vermicompost and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers were tested. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of vermicompost and mineral nitrogen fertilizers application on malt barley yield (Hordeum distichum L.), soil properties, and economic benefits. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were nine in various combinations of vermicompost (VC) and N fertilizer (N): (69 kg N; 0.79 t VC + 58.65 kg N; 1.59 t VC + 48.30 kg N; 2.39 t VC + 37.95 kg N; 3.19 t VC + 27.60 kg N; 3.98 t VC + 17.25 kg N; 4.78 t VC + 6.90 kg N; 5.31 t VC ha−1 and control). The highest soil pH was recorded by applying 5.31 t of vermicompost ha−1 alone. The highest total nitrogen (0.34%), available phosphorus (15.58 mg kg−1), grain yield (4950 kg ha−1), and net benefit (4255.74 USD) were recorded from the application of 2.39 t VC plus 37.95 kg N, while the highest soil organic carbon (3.38%) and cation exchange capacity (26.17 cmol (+) kg−1) were recorded from 3.19 t VC plus 27.60 kg N ha−1 compared to the control. This study concludes that applying 2.39 t VC and 37.95 kg N ha−1 in combination improves soil fertility, malt barley yield, and economic benefits for smallholder farmers in the study district and adopts this in similar soil types and agroecologies.

Влияние применения различных гуминовых препаратов на формирование урожая и качество зернофуражного ячменя

The results of studies on the effectiveness of seed treatment and plant spraying with various humic preparations on spring grain feed barley are presented. The objectives of the research included assessing the effect of various humic preparations on productivity, disease resistance and grain quality of spring barley under various methods of their application (seed treatment, plant spraying, seed treatment + plant spraying). The objects of research were spring two-row barley of the Raushan variety. Humic preparations Bigus and Gumat +7 were used. The research was carried out in 2022-2023 on gray forest, medium loamy soil. In 2022, moisture conditions during the growing season were favorable; in 2023, periodic severe drought events were observed. The use of humic preparations led to a decrease in the development of both leaf diseases (dark brown spot) and root rot. The drug Bigus Extra had a more pronounced effect on reducing the damage to plants by root rot. The use of humic preparations had a positive effect on the length of the stem and ear of barley. The maximum values of the stem length were when using seed treatment and spraying crops with Bigus Extra, and the greatest length of the ear was when using Gumi+7. The use of humic preparations increases the yield of spring barley from 11 to 27.8%. When using only seed treatment or only spraying of crops, Bigus Extra had an advantage in yield, and when using a combination – seed treatment + plant treatment Humat +7. The highest yield of spring barley (27.8% more than in the control) was obtained using a scheme in which seeds and plants were treated with Humate +7. The use of seed treatment followed by spraying of plants led to an increase in the protein content of barley grain. The use of humic preparations in which they are used for pre-sowing seed treatment and subsequently for spraying crops (twice) was optimal for spring barley.

Effects of Sowing Date and Cutting Management on the Grain and Fodder Yield of Barleyeffects of Sowing Date and Cutting Management on the Grain and Fodder Yield of Barley

Effects of Sowing Date and Cutting Management on the Grain and Fodder Yield of Barleyeffects of Sowing Date and Cutting Management on the Grain and Fodder Yield of Barley

Estimation of heterosis and combining ability for barley yield and its components under normal and water stress conditions

Estimation of heterosis and combining ability for barley yield and its components under normal and water stress conditions

Effect of NPK fertilization and seed rate on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, yield component and nitrogen dynamics in semi-arid conditions

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying of NPK fertilization doses and seed rates on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, yield components, and inorganic nitrogen (NH4-N and NO3-N) dynamics in semi-arid conditions without artificial irrigation. Material and Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the Gobustan Experimental Station from October 2018 to June 2019, utilizing the "Celilabad-19" barley variety. A randomized complete block design with four replications was employed, incorporating various seed rates and NPK fertilizer treatments. Plant and soil samples were collected at different phenological stages, and analyses included grain and straw yield, yield parameters, total N content of plant, and soil NH4-N and NO3-N levels. Results and Discussion: The results the treatment with a seed rate of 140 kg/ha and N60P45K45 fertilizer application consistently demonstrated the highest aboveground biomass, grain, and straw yields. This treatment exhibited optimal N content during the Full Maturity stage of plant. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has provided insights into optimizing barley cultivation practices in semi-arid climates, such as seed rate and NPK fertilizer dose. With a seed rate of 140 kg/ha and N60P45K45 fertilizer application, the highest yield and performance indicators were achieved in the “Celilabad-19” barley variety.

Crop Diversification and Fertilization Strategies in a Rainfed System with Drought Periods

Crop diversification and the reduction of nitrogen (N) inputs are key issues in the EU for more sustainable agriculture. An experiment was set up in a semiarid rainfed Mediterranean system. Our hypothesis was that these challenges could be addressed by introducing new crops and using pig slurries (PSs). The experimental factors were N fertilization at sowing (with or without PS) combined (according to a split-block design) with N fertilization as topdressing (the control, two N mineral rates, and two N rates from PS). Barley, rapeseed, and pea performances were evaluated in two different crop sequences: (i) barley–rapeseed or rapeseed–barley after a fallow season, and (ii) barley–pea or pea–barley after a fallow season followed by a non-fertilized barley crop. The results of the four-year study demonstrated that under a spring drought risk, barley performed better than peas in terms of relative crop yield maintenance. After fallow, N can be saved while maintaining the yields and total biomass of barley and rapeseed. In the second crop sequence, maximum pea and barley yields were associated with a minimum topdressing of 60 or 120 kg mineral N ha−1, respectively. However, slurry fertilization at sowing also allowed the highest yields for barley. Rapeseed and peas can be introduced to reduce N fertilization inputs. However, the obtained yield plateau for pea and rapeseed (3 and 4 Mg ha−1, respectively) and the effect of a yield spring drought on pea yields (50% reduction) might be a constraint for the success of EU policies on crop diversification.

Comparing standardised precipitation and barley yield across Quebec.

Climate change and variability continue to affect crop production across the world in general and in Quebec in particular. Therefore, it is important to better understand this climate-yield nexus. Unfortunately, in Quebec, there are currently no studies that analyse both precipitation and barley yield. This study aims at filling this research gap by comparing standardised precipitation (SPI) against barley yield gaps across Quebec for three peripheral and three southern/central regions of Quebec. The study uses growing season precipitation data from Ouranos and barley yield data from Institut de la Statistique du Québec. This work deploys the use of standardised index (SPI)index and a machine learningyield gapalgorithm (actual barley yield minus projected barley yield) to provide a provincial portrait of the relationships between SPI and barley yield. The results show that the peripheral regions record below zero SPIs (Abitibi-Temiscamingue - 0.48, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - 0.14 and Outaouais - 0.10) and more yield gap years, while the southern/central regions record positive SPIs (Estrie 1.17, Centre du Quebec 0.86 and Monteregie: 0.33) and fewer years with yield gaps. This shows that there is a south-north gradient in the variations of SPI and yield gaps. The SPI and yield patterns can be explained by prolonged winters further north of Quebec and recently winters with insufficient snow cover which triggers rapid snow melt and thus shortening the growing season for barley. Policy actions around drought-resistant varieties within a co-creation context and more research that explores daily and monthly liquid precipitation totals during the growing season of the crop need to be explored. There is also a need to better understand the economic costs and benefits of the associated yield gapsas well as the impacts of temperature.

Effect of Seaweed Extract (Algareen-Twin) and Bio-Fertilizer (Optimus-Plus) on the Growth and Yield of Barley

Effect of Seaweed Extract (Algareen-Twin) and Bio-Fertilizer (Optimus-Plus) on the Growth and Yield of Barley

Looking back at the causes of 25-year crop yield stagnation in Europe

Across the world, but especially in Europe, staple crop yields have been stagnating since the mid-1990s, when breakpoints appeared in wheat, maize, and barley yield evolution. We look back here at recent evidence about the most likely causes for crop yield stagnation. If crop yields had followed the 1950-1990 trend in Europe, they would now be 20% higher than in the 1990s, when they started stagnating. Climate change reasonably explains one third of the difference. Recent research shows that increased crop diversity sustains crop yields more effectively than monoculture, but there is to date no estimate in the literature by how much. Finally, the literature suggests that the provision of ecosystem services could help break up crop yield stagnation but to an extent that is not yet quantified.

Orientation and root trench effects of Eucalyptus globulus boundary plantations on barley yield and soil physicochemical properties in the Gummer district, Central Highlands, Ethiopia

Orientation and root trench effects of Eucalyptus globulus boundary plantations on barley yield and soil physicochemical properties in the Gummer district, Central Highlands, Ethiopia

Моніторинг ефективності зернового господарства України: фактори впливу та повоєнні перспективи

A comprehensive analysis of production efficiency was carried out, a model was developed and the degree of influence of factors on the level of profitability of growing grain crops was calculated. Forecasts of the yield of grain crops, wheat, corn, and barley for the nearest future have been built, taking into account the patterns that have developed over the previous period (1950- 2022). Forecast indicators of the profitability of the production of grain crops for the short-term perspective have been determined. The dependence of the efficiency of grain-growing enterprises on the average size of their sown areas was assessed. It was established that a positive return from the effect of scale, which is reflected in the form of an increase in productivity and profitability, is observed in grain farming enterprises when the land bank is increased to 5,000 hectares.

Characteristics of spring barley crop formation depending on cultivation technology elements

Aіm. To establish the peculiarities of the formation of the density of the productive stem, grain size and ear productivity of spring barley plants and, as a result, the yield of the crop under changes in climatic conditions depending on the influence of individual elements of cultivation technology and to identify the most effective combination of them with the aim of maximally realizing the genetic potential of crop productivity in the conditions of the northern part of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During the research, the field experiment, visual, weight, calculation and statistical methods were applied. Results. Research conducted during 2018–2020 on a dark gray podsolized coarse silt-light loam soil in the conditions of the northern part of the Right Bank Forest Steppe showed that the fertilization system, the use of growth stimulants and the predecessor significantly affect the formation of such elements of the structure of the spring barley crop as the density of the productive stem, grain size and ear productivity, which, in turn, ensured the formation of a high level of crop productivity. Conclusions. It was established that for the formation of the maximum grain yield of spring barley, the most effective was the complex application of mineral fertilizer at the rate of N(45+45)P90K90 kg/ha d.r.y. and the use of growth stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar treatment at the IV stage of organogenesis, which ensured the highest yield of the crop in the experiment at the level of 4.39 t/ha for growing it after soybeans and 4.88 t/ha after corn for grain. The introduction of the specified rate of fertilizers provided an increase in the yield of the crop to the control at the level of 1.52 and 1.83 t/ha – for cultivation after soybeans and 2.72 and 3.18 t/ha – after corn for grain, depen­ding on the use of growth stimulants. The parameters of the structure of the spring barley harvest, which ensured the maximum level of realization of the productivity potential of the crop after the predecessor of soybeans, are as follows: the density of the productive stem is 750–773 pcs./m2 and the weight of the grain from the ear is 0.58–0.60 g, after the predecessor corn is 777–793 pcs./m2 and 0.61–0.65 g, respectively.

Effect of fertility levels on growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties in central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh

Effect of fertility levels on growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties in central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh

Straw Returning Proves Advantageous for Regulating Water and Salt Levels, Facilitating Nutrient Accumulation, and Promoting Crop Growth in Coastal Saline Soils

Saline soils limit plant growth due to high salinity. Straw returning has proven effective in enhancing soil adaptability and agricultural stability on saline lands. This study evaluates the effects of different straw-returning methods—straw mulching (SM), straw incorporation (SI), and straw biochar (BC)—on soil nutrients, water dynamics, and salinity in a barley–cotton rotation system using field box experiments. SM improved soil water retention during barley’s jointing and heading stages, while SI was more effective in its filling and maturation stages. BC showed lesser water storage capacity. During cotton’s growth, SI enhanced early-stage water retention, and SM benefited the flowering and boll opening stages. Grey relational analysis pinpointed significant water relationships at 10 cm and 20 cm soil depths, with SM regulating water across layers. SM and BC notably reduced soil conductivity, primarily within the top 20 cm, and their effectiveness decreased with depth. SI significantly lowered soil conductivity at barley’s jointing stage. SM effectively reduced salinity at 10 cm and 20 cm soil depths, whereas BC decreased soil conductivity throughout barley’s jointing, filling, and heading stages. For cotton, SI lowered soil conductivity at the seedling and boll opening stages. SM consistently reduced salinity across all stages, and BC decreased conductivity in the top 30 cm of soil during all growth stages. Both SM and BC significantly enhanced the total nutrient availability for barley and cotton, especially improving soil organic carbon and available potassium, with BC showing notable improvements. At barley’s heading stage, SI maximized dry matter accumulation, while SM boosted accumulation in leaves, stems, and spikes during the filling and maturation stages. Straw returning increased barley yield, particularly with SM and BC, and improved water use efficiency by 11.60% and 5.74%, respectively. For cotton, straw returning significantly boosted yield and water use efficiency, especially with SI and SM treatments, enhancing the total bolls and yield. In conclusion, straw returning effectively improves saline soils, enhances fertility, boosts crop yields, and supports sustainable agriculture. These results provide a robust scientific foundation for adopting efficient soil improvement strategies on saline lands, with significant theoretical and practical implications for increasing agricultural productivity and crop resilience to salt stress.

The impact of climate and potassium nutrition on crop yields: Insights from a 30-year Swiss long-term fertilization experiment

Climate change will strongly influence agricultural practices in the future. In order to promote resource-efficient agriculture, it is important to analyse the impact of climate variation on crop yields. In this study, we report yields of spring wheat, winter barley, maize, potato and sugar beet from the long-term crop rotation and fertilization experiment Demo in Switzerland and analyze their response to different climate variables (e.g., annual and seasonal temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, number of heat days and days of heavy rainfall). In addition, we investigate the impact of readily plant-available soil potassium (K) on the relationship of crop yields and precipitation. Annual and summer temperatures increased by 1 °C and 1.5 °C, respectively, over the observation period, and both the number of heat days and days of heavy rainfall increased in summer. Rising summer temperatures have a negative impact on all crop yields, which was most prominent for spring wheat, potato and maize. Annual, spring and summer precipitation show varying effects on different crops. For maize, soil K has a mediating effect on yield reductions under low spring precipitation. Yields are significantly reduced by 1 t ha−1 per 100 mm reduction of precipitation below a soil K threshold of 7 mg K kg−1 soil. Based on these results and the future climate scenarios for Switzerland, crop rotations with less heat-sensitive species and early-maturing varieties should be considered. In order to keep future irrigation demands and costs as low as possible, the soil K fertility classes in the Swiss K fertilization guidelines might need to be revisited. Our study is one of a few long-term observations that show the impact of climate variation on crop yields and highlights the potential of K management as a climate change adaptation measure.

Can Nitrogen Fertilization and Intercropping Modify the Quality and Nutrient Yield of Barley–Field Bean Forage?

Can Nitrogen Fertilization and Intercropping Modify the Quality and Nutrient Yield of Barley–Field Bean Forage?

Economic efficiency of cultivation of stubble cruciferous crops

The paper presents the results of studying the productivity of stubble cruciferous crops and their impact on the yield of the subsequent crop in crop rotation. It was established that when cultivating stubble white mustard feed units yield was 16.9 c/ha and oil radish – 17.6 c/ha. Under their influence the grain yield of subsequent barley increased by 3.0 c/ha (8.1 %) on average and maize grain – by 1.8 c/ha (2.6 %). When cultivating white mustard the net income was 17.71 rubles/ha and profitability – 2.8 %, with oil radish it was 24.11 rubles/ha and 3.6 %. Taking into account their effect on the subsequent crop in rotation, those indicators increased and were 139.00 and 105.90 rubles/ha (21.2 and 15.8 %).

Sustainability insights: Enhancing rainfed wheat and barley yield prediction in arid regions

Climate variability plays a pivotal role in rainfed agriculture, especially within arid regions. Analyzing these fluctuations across diverse climatic conditions establishes a foundation for subsequent investigations. In Iran, the FAO56 aridity index categorizes the nation into very dry, dry, semidry, and humid climate classifications. This study aimed to explore equations derived from multiple linear regression (MLR) and the disparities between predicted and observed yields of rainfed wheat and barley across Iran's varying climates. Meteorological data, encompassing rainfall (R), mean temperature (Tmean), solar radiation (S), and wind speed (U2), were compiled from 44 synoptic stations spanning 1981–2020. These data constituted inputs for the MLR models employed to simulate rainfed wheat and barley yields. The Global Performance Indicator (GPI), a 5-point statistical criteria index, was utilized to assess MLR model performance. The findings unveiled superior MLR model performance in dry climates (R2=0.84 for wheat and R2=0.9 for barley) compared to humid climates (R2=0.69 for wheat and R2=0.66 for barley), evidenced by lower statistical error criteria values. Moreover, across all climates, the MLR models exhibited more accurate predictions for rainfed wheat yield (GPI=1559.3) in contrast to rainfed barley (GPI=1536). In conclusion, this study sheds light on the notable role of climate in rainfed agriculture, showcasing the efficacy of MLR models in predicting yields across varying climatic contexts.

Changes of soil fertility and yield of crops when applying fertilizers in a grain-arable crop rotation of the central black-earth region for a short and long time

Aim of the investigations was to reveal changers in soil fertility and yield of main crops in a grain-arable crop rotation with fertilizer effect in 1st rotation (short -term application) and 10th rotation (long-term application) under conditions of the Central Black-Earth Region. The work was performed in a long-term field experiment using low-humic leached chernozem under conditions of Voronezh region. The data of 1936–1945 (1st crop rotation) and 2018–2022 (10th rotation) years were analyzed. The experiment scheme including saturation of 1 ha of arable land with fertilizers: without fertilizers, N10P10K10 + 2.8 t/ha of manure, N20P20K20 + 2.8 t/ha of manure, N30P30K30 + 2.8 т t/ha of manure, and N10P10K10 + 5.6 t/ha of manure. Change of soil fertility in the layer of 0–20 cm from 1 to 10 rotation under influence of fertilizers appeared as increase of hydrolytic acidity (by 5.26… 83.3 %), exchange K2O content (by 18.9…74.4 %), cation exchange capacity (by 27.8…35.7 %) and mobile P2O5 (by 7.81…9.00 %) (when using N20P20K20 + 2,8 t/ha of manure and N30P30K30 + 2,8 t/ha of manure); also, decrease of humus content by 0.41…0.73 %, N-NO3 by 25.3…47.7 % and P2O5 by 13.3–31.6 % in the control and in the variants with N10P10K10 + 2.8 or 5.6 t/ha of manure was noted. Long-term application of fertilizers in a crop rotation improved grain yield of barley by 11.3…50.1 %, oats by 4.0…51.2 %, winter wheat by13.4…30.6 % and sugar beet roots by 15.0…36.7 %, and reduced green mass of a clover 6.1…23.0 %. But, in addition, it increased by-products’ yield of each crop by 6.1…23.0 %. Productivity of the fertilized arable land per 1 ha increased by 3.30…18.3 % from 1st to 10th rotation (minus yield improvement by 0.96 thousand grain units/ha due to cultivation of more productive modern varieties). Long-term application of N30P30K30 + 2.8 т t/ha of manure ensured the greatest level of crop rotation soil fertility and productivity. This was achieved by twice-repeated application of N135P135K135 for sugar beet and one application of 25 t/ha of manure in fallow during 9-field crop rotation.