Characteristics of spring barley crop formation depending on cultivation technology elements

Abstract

Aіm. To establish the peculiarities of the formation of the density of the productive stem, grain size and ear productivity of spring barley plants and, as a result, the yield of the crop under changes in climatic conditions depending on the influence of individual elements of cultivation technology and to identify the most effective combination of them with the aim of maximally realizing the genetic potential of crop productivity in the conditions of the northern part of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During the research, the field experiment, visual, weight, calculation and statistical methods were applied. Results. Research conducted during 2018–2020 on a dark gray podsolized coarse silt-light loam soil in the conditions of the northern part of the Right Bank Forest Steppe showed that the fertilization system, the use of growth stimulants and the predecessor significantly affect the formation of such elements of the structure of the spring barley crop as the density of the productive stem, grain size and ear productivity, which, in turn, ensured the formation of a high level of crop productivity. Conclusions. It was established that for the formation of the maximum grain yield of spring barley, the most effective was the complex application of mineral fertilizer at the rate of N(45+45)P90K90 kg/ha d.r.y. and the use of growth stimulants for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar treatment at the IV stage of organogenesis, which ensured the highest yield of the crop in the experiment at the level of 4.39 t/ha for growing it after soybeans and 4.88 t/ha after corn for grain. The introduction of the specified rate of fertilizers provided an increase in the yield of the crop to the control at the level of 1.52 and 1.83 t/ha – for cultivation after soybeans and 2.72 and 3.18 t/ha – after corn for grain, depen­ding on the use of growth stimulants. The parameters of the structure of the spring barley harvest, which ensured the maximum level of realization of the productivity potential of the crop after the predecessor of soybeans, are as follows: the density of the productive stem is 750–773 pcs./m2 and the weight of the grain from the ear is 0.58–0.60 g, after the predecessor corn is 777–793 pcs./m2 and 0.61–0.65 g, respectively.