Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District Research Articles

Clinical Experience with Organ-Preserving Surgery in Placenta Accreta

Introduction. A higher number of repeated cesarean sections determine a higher risk of placental ingrowth into the scar area of the uterus. The absence of current clinical guidelines in this field necessitates the need for development of various methods for organ-preserving surgery in placenta accreta, which preserve a woman’s reproductive function, as well as reduce risks for future pregnancies and childbirth.Materials and methods. The paper presents the successful clinical experience of organ-preserving surgical treatment of placental ingrowth, excluding the stage of fundal cesarean section (Perinatal Center, Noyabrsk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District).Case description. The paper describes two clinical cases of successful organ-preserving surgical treatment of placental ingrowth with preservation of reproductive function and provision of a more favorable prognosis for subsequent reproductive plans due to excluding formation of two scars on the uterus in different localizations.Results and discussion. Early dissection of adhesions in order to provide access to the surgical site is crucial and reduces the blood loss after fetal extraction and the risk of intraoperative complications such as bladder, ureteric and intestinal injury. Temporary compression hemostasis via performing endovascular temporary balloon occlusion of the infrarenal aorta, or via temporary turnstile hemostasis using a Foley catheter, allows for organpreserving surgery that excludes the formation of two scars on the uterus in different localizations without increasing the amount of blood loss.Conclusion. Surgical tactics in organ-preserving treatment of placental ingrowth excludes the stage of fundal cesarean section, and involves the cesarean section at the border of the uterine-placental hernia and the body of the uterus with subsequent metroplasty. The surgery performed demonstrate the optimal result – a relatively low blood loss, a short duration of the operation and, above all, more favorable prognosis for subsequent reproduction.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ЗЕЛЕНОЙ МАССЕ КУСТАРНИКОВ ВИДА BETULA NANA (БЕРЕЗА КАРЛИКОВАЯ) В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ

The features of the distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the green mass of Betula nana (dwarf birch) shrubs in the territories of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District exposed to anthropogenic load are considered. The relative concentrations of the elements Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb in the green mass of shrubs were determined. Elements (Cd, Ni, Mn) with abnormal concentrations in the studied green mass of the conditionally background territory, relative to the clark content in land plants, were identified. The anomalous content of cadmium, zinc and manganese in the Betula nana green mass is characteristic of all the considered areas with increased anthropogenic load, and high concentrations of copper and lead were also found in the area of the unpaved highway near Yar-Sale. Pb has the highest concentration coefficient in the area of a dirt road (11.81), Cd accumulation is most characteristic for the Betula nana cenopopulations near the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway (2.4), the highest concentration coefficient for Zn (14.24) was found in the area of the Salekhard-Aksarka highway and GTPP-3. The nature of the distribution of heavy metals from sources is also investigated, among the studied elements, the most distant transfer is characteristic of manganese, and cadmium and copper, on the contrary, are deposited on the territory adjacent to the sources. Conclusions are drawn about the main ways of heavy metals getting into the environment in the region.

Elemental composition of the oligotrophic peat soils in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Western Siberia)

The research aimed to evaluate the specifics of the elemental composition of oligotrophic peat soils (Cryic Histosols) in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district. The content of 32 chemical elements was analyzed in the soil samples using CHN Elemental Analyzer and the atomic emission method. The soil density, ash and organic carbon content were measured along with elemental composition. The ratio of TC/TN (total carbon to total nitrogen) and the degree of pedogenic maturity (degree of organic matter intramolecular oxidation) were calculated. The research shows that the elemental composition of the oligotrophic peat soils of flat-mound frost bogs in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District varies widely, and it is closely connected with organic matter features. The content of Ca, Cd, Pb, and Zn correlates negatively (ρ are from -0.71 to -0.63) with the total carbon content. Accordingly, the same elements interconnect with the degree of pedogenic maturity (ρ are from 0.66 to 0.74). Still, there is no dependency between the organic carbon content and the elemental composition of the peat soils. The following factors may result in this: residual eutrophication; the release of elements trace from permafrost sediments and their involvement in local hydrogeochemical fluxes; local geochemical features (for example, the proximity of the Polar Urals).

Features of the growth and formation of the physique of nenets reindeer from birth to puberty

In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District were studied 169 heads of Nenets deer from birth to 18 months of age The maximum rate of weight gain of live weight of calves is observed in the first 6 months of postnatal development and has sexual differentiation: in males it was 52.5, in females – 46.5 kg. From 6 to 12 months of age, which falls during the wintering period, in the studied groups of deer there was a drop in absolute indicators of live weight gain to minus values: males -5.3 kg, females -1.7 kg. In the period from 12 to 18 months of age, the absolute growth rates of males and females turned out to be equal. The rate of linear growth and the formation of the physique of young deer in the period from birth to 6 months of age, no significant difference between males and females was found either visually or instrumentally.. During the first wintering period, an increase in absolute value was observed by measurements associated with the growth of the skeleton: height at the withers, height at the elbow, head length, chest depth, oblique length of the butt. The age period from 12 to 18 months is characterized by a significant increase in linear body sizes in the studied deer, but the difference in almost all measurements did not exceed 4%. A comparison of 10 indices of physique in animals showed that at 6 and 18 months of age, the main proportions of the physique are close, which indicates a high rate of formation of the physique in young domestic reindeer. A comparison of the physique indices revealed no signs of sexual dimorphism for any of them, except for the pelvic index, which was higher in females at all age periods and the broadbodied index at 18 months of age.

A new classification of C4- Atriplex species in Russia, with the first alien record of Atriplexflabellum (Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae) from North Siberia.

For a long time, the systematics of Atriplex was based solely on morphological characters and leaf anatomy. The latest worldwide phylogenetic study of Atriplex significantly improved our knowledge about the relationships within the genus, but a new classification has not been put forward thus far. Here we re-evaluate the taxonomy of C4-species of Atriplex that are native to Russia. Seven species are classified into two sections, A.sect.Obione (incl. A.sect.Sclerocalymma, syn. nov.) (A.altaica, A.centralasiatica, A.rosea, A.sibirica, and A.sphaeromorpha), and A.sect.Obionopsis (incl. A.sect.Psammophila, syn. nov.) (A.fominii and A.tatarica). Although the majority of Eurasian C4-species have similar morphology, leafy inflorescence is a typical character for A.sect.Obione. The members of A.sect.Obionopsis are characterised mostly by aphyllous inflorescences, but some species (A.laciniata, A.pratovii, and A.tornabenei) have leafy inflorescences. Geographically, almost all members of A.sect.Obione are confined to Central Asia, although A.rosea is a typical Mediterranean element and A.argentea occurs in North America. The representatives of A.sect.Obionopsis are distributed mostly in the Mediterranean and the Irano-Turanian floristic region. The alien status of A.rosea, A.sibirica and A.tatarica is discussed. Atriplexflabellum, a desert species from the Irano-Turanian region, is reported for the first time from Russia (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, North Siberia) as a casual alien. This species occupies a phylogenetic position distant from both aforementioned sections. An identification key to all C4-species of the genus growing in Russia is given, and a sectional checklist with updated nomenclature and revised synonymy is provided.

Substantiation and Development of Bakery Products Enriched with Arctic Vegetable Raw Materials

A man implements the development programs of the Arctic territory including the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) actively. One of the development program goals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is to ensure the food security of the region and the healthy lifestyle formation of the population aimed at preventing diseases. According to Rospotrebnadzor, in recent years infectious diseases have become widespread in the region due to the population immunodeficiency. A man decided to develop a complex dietary supplement with immunomodulatory properties and the feasibility to introduce it into the product of mass production. A group of bakery products was the basis of the functional product. The article presents the study results of bakery products enriched with plant raw materials – cinnamon rose (Fructus Rosae) and shiksha (black crowberry, Empetrii nigri herba) growing in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The research aim is to substantiate the development of bakery products of mass demand enriched with a complex food additive based on Arctic plant raw materials. The preparation technology includes the main stages: sorting raw materials; grinding dry concentrates; heating it in a bioreactor and packaging. The researchers used raw materials in dry form: cinnamon rose hips – TU 10.89.19-036-14721358-2017; shiksha (black crowberry) – TU 10.89.19-086-14721358-2017). The organoleptic and physico-chemical analysis of the resulting product showed its compliance with the current regulations for food products. A positive assessment in terms of safety and compliance with functional properties enables to qualify an additive from plant raw materials as functional food ingredients – GOST R 54059-2010 “Functional Food Products. Functional Food Ingredients. Classification and General Requirements: National Standard of the Russian Federation”. The bakery product itself refers to products enriched with functional food ingredients – GOST R 55577-2013 “Specialized and Functional Food Products. Information on Distinctive Features and Effectiveness: National Standard of the Russian Federation”.

Geophysical research for organization and service of the regional permafrost monitoring network in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

The results of the application of geophysical methods for the organization and maintenance of the regional permafrost monitoring network in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District are described in the paper. Arctic Research Center in 2021 used the method of electrical resistivity tomography to determine the locations of the thermometric well. The consistency and necessity of using geophysical methods to search permafrost with deep top near the border of continuous and discontinuous permafrost zone is confirmed. Ground-penetrating radar was used at the CALM R53 site as an additional tool for determining the thickness of active layer. It is shown that the complex of geophysical methods and traditional measurements with a permafrost probe when studying the active layer in hard lithological conditions is necessary to refine and supplement the data.

Genetic Diversity of the Family <i>Francisellaceae</i>, Analysis of the situation on tularemia Incidence in the Russian Federation in 2021, and Forecast for 2022

The review briefly outlines the current taxonomy of the most studied strains of the species belonging to the family Francisellaceae. Due to the significant genetic diversity within the family, the detection of Francisella tularensis, especially in environmental samples, becomes even more difficult and may lead to false positive results. A comparison of the incidence rates in European countries, in which the extensive epidemic manifestations of tularemia are recorded annually, namely Sweden, Finland, Norway and the Czech Republic, and in Russia over the past five years is provided. The paper presents the comparative dynamics of tularemia incidence in the territories of the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation in recent years. The dynamics of the incidence during epidemic outbreaks in the Republic of Karelia and the Omsk Region over the past few years is shown. 17 cases of human infection with the causative agent of tularemia were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2021. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 45 constituent entities of the Federation. Against that background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 11 regions of the country. Six cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from different types of ticks were isolated in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Altai and the Altai Territory. Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2022, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease are most likely to occur among the unvaccinated population in the territories of the Central Federal District – the Voronezh, Ryazan, Smolensk Regions and in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in the territories of Samara, Kirov Regions and Republic of Tatarstan; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain districts of the Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk Regions, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories.

Монокулярная и бинокулярная визоконтрастная чувствительность у детей младшего школьного возраста

Purpose.. To evaluate monocular and binocular contrast sensitivity to achromatic and monochromatic colors in children of primary school age from the specific regions in the North of Russian Federation. Material and methods. 36 children of the city of Tyumen and 422 children, students at the secondary school of the village of Beloyarsk of the Priuralsky district and the village of Kharampur of the Purovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, were examined. Contrast perimetry using an atlas of test images was performed to assess the frequency-contrast characteristics (FCC) of the visual system of the examined individuals. The results of the study underwent statistical analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 software package. Results. The monocular spatial contrast sensitivity of the children from the specific regions in the North of Russian Federation in comparison with the residents of Tyumen is significantly lower (p<0.001). The formation of the binocular visual system in children from the specific regions in the North of Russian Federation. is faster. In the area of high spatial frequencies in children, the formation of perception of blue color falls behind, which is not observed in low spatial frequencies. At the same time, in the area of medium frequencies, the perception of all monochromatic colors stays far behind, especially green. Conclusion. Normative indicators of frequency-contrast sensitivity to achromatic color of primary school children have been formed. It is established that binocular spatial contrast sensitivity in children of primary school age from the specific regions in the North of Russian Federation is formed faster than monocular spatial-frequency components, in comparison with schoolchildren of Tyumen. Key words: spatial contrast sensitivity, visual analyzer, primary school age, the specific regions in the North of Russian Federation

DENTAL AND ELEMENTAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS LIVING ON THE TERRITORY OF YAMAL

The lack of information on the relationship between the indicators of micro, macronutrient and dental status of adolescents living in Yamal was the basis for analyzing these indicators. A comprehensive dental examination of 112 adolescents aged 12 and 15 years, from among the indigenous peoples living in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, an assessment of the actual nutrition and elemental composition of blood serum was carried out. The analysis of the data showed that the prevalence of dental caries among the examined exceeds 99 %. The CPI index ranged from 4,6-7,7. The imbalance of micro- and macroelements involved in ontogenesis and providing the processes of remineralization of hard tooth tissues was revealed. Correction of the elemental status should be included in the complex of therapeutic and preventive measures that increase caries resistance.

Hygienic Assessment of the Iron Content of Tap Water in Administrative Centers in the North of the Tyumen Region

Background: Introduction: Iron is an essential mineral for humans. Its excessive dietary intake has no adverse health effects but high exposure to inorganic iron can induce oxidative stress. Increased Fe concentrations in tap water in the north of the Tyu­ men Region are attributed, on the one hand, to natural characteristics of its source and, on the other hand, to iron released by deteriorated water pipes. In the administrative centers of this region, high-quality reagent-free water treatment is carried out but tap water quality is largely influenced by the condition of water supply networks with the wear indicators of 26.3 % and 82.1 %, in the cities of Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard, respectively. Objective: To compare iron contents in tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard against its maximum permissible concentration and to assess health risks from exposure to this mineral in drinking water. Materials and methods: Fifty tap water samples were taken in each of the two administrative centers of the Tyumen Region (Khanty-Mansiysk, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District – Yugra, and Salekhard, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) for a spectrophotometric analysis of iron. The results were evaluated according to regulations SanPiN 1.2.3685–21, Hygienic stan­ dards and requirements for ensuring safety and/or harmlessness of environmental factors to humans, introduced by Decree No. 3 of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of January 28, 2021. Non-carcinogenic risks were assessed in accordance with Guidelines R 2.1.10.1920–04, Human health risk assessment from environmental chemicals. Results: Iron levels in tap water were found to be significantly lower in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk compared to Salekhard (p = 0.002) with excessive Fe concentrations established in 10 % and 66 % of the samples taken in those cities, respectively. Ac­ cordingly, the Fe-related hazard quotient in Khanty-Mansiysk was almost twice as low (0.73) as in Salekhard (1.52) indicating increased likelihood of a toxicological response to the chemical in the latter. Conclusions: In order to supply residents with drinking water of optimal quality and reduce potential health risks, it is neces­ sary to replace worn out distribution networks, organize and ensure proper monitoring of water quality, duly implement the Regional Clean Water Project and assess its effectiveness.

Creating a local protected area system in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: the sacred site «Angalsky Cape» as a natural monument

The paper substantiates the role the key sacred sites of indigenous minorities of the North play in forming an integrated ecological network, expanding the nature conservation areas and preserving biological and landscape diversity of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. It presents materials describing the nature conservation, scientific, historical and cultural significance of the heritage item - the sacred site Angalsky Cape in Salekhard. The reconnaissance and sociological studies (in 2019-2020) revealed the anthropogenic impact on the territory of the site which is the result of recreation, storage of solid household waste, location of technical facilities and disturbance. The studies have also shown that the protection regime adopted to preserve the sacred site and to keep the natural-territorial complex of the territory is not sufficient. As a result of field geobotanical, soil, zoological researches on the territory of the sacred site Angalsky Cape, conducted in June and August 2021, the composition and structure of vegetation, soil, small mammal communities consistent with zonal and local natural conditions were defined. A relatively high level of plants and animals species diversity, as well as a good life condition of lichens were revealed. At the same time, the low resilience of the small mammal community indicates the vulnerability of ecosystems in this area to external influences, including anthropogenic loads. The results of the research allow us to recommend the sacred site Angalsky Cape for inclusion in the local ecological framework as a natural monument of local significance.

DENTAL AND ELEMENTAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS LIVING ON THE TERRITORY OF YAMAL

The lack of information on the relationship between the indicators of micro, macronutrient and dental status of adolescents living in Yamal was the basis for analyzing these indicators. A comprehensive dental examination of 112 adolescents aged 12 and 15 years, from among the indigenous peoples living in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, an assessment of the actual nutrition and elemental composition of blood serum was carried out. The analysis of the data showed that the prevalence of dental caries among the examined exceeds 99 %. The CPI index ranged from 4,6-7,7. The imbalance of micro- and macroelements involved in ontogenesis and providing the processes of remineralization of hard tooth tissues was revealed. Correction of the elemental status should be included in the complex of therapeutic and preventive measures that increase caries resistance.

Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Natural Waters in the Khanty-Mansiysky and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts

Background: Water is a key source of life on Earth; it is involved in the transfer of nutrients, macro- and microelements between soil, plants, animals and humans, as well as in the concentration and dispersion of chemical elements and the formation of minerals. The elemental status of the population is largely determined by the chemical composition of the natural waters on the territory of residence. Objective: To perform a comparative analysis of the concentrations of iron, manganese, calcium and magnesium in natural waters of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts (Okrugs). Materials and methods: We established concentrations of iron, manganese, calcium and magnesium in 100 samples of natural waters taken from rivers, lakes, backwaters, channels, etc. of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts, 50 samples each, using spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained were compared with the reference values provided in Russian sanitary rules and regulations SanPiN 1.2.3685–21. Results: We established elevated levels of iron in most surface water samples from both districts and of manganese in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug accompanied by extremely low concentrations of Ca and Mg in the vast majority of all samples. At the same time, we registered significantly lower concentrations of Ca (p = 0.012) and Mg (p = 0.021) in the water samples from the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug compared to those from the other district. Conclusion: In the population of the Tyumen North, the constant use of such water for drinking purposes can lead to the early development and rapid progression of cardiovascular and osteoarticular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neoplasms, etc.; at the same time, people are at risk of generalization of immunosuppressive conditions, diseases of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, oxidative metabolism disorders, etc.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ОЖИРЕНИЯ СРЕДИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: ПЕРИОД ДО ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19

Significance. World health organization (WHO) has announced global epidemic of obesity that has affected millions of people all over the world. Obesity becomes more and more relevant and constitutes a life-threatening condition for people regardless of their place of residence, age or gender. Rising prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents attracts higher attention due to the fact that childhood obesity is a substantial prognostic factor of obesity in adulthood and a risk of disability due to severe comorbidities. Increase in obesity prevalence to the scale of epidemic in different age groups may lead to further life expectancy reduction especially reduction in healthy life expectancy, and substantial increase in years lost due to disability. The study purpose was to analyze obesity prevalence among the Russian population by age groups in 1995-2019 in the federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation and to forecast indicators' values until 2030. Material and methods. Official statistics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation – Form N12 of the Federal statistical observation for 1995-2019. The study used the following methods of continuous statistical observation: dynamic series indicators (growth rate, rate of increment, visibility indicators), specific gravity index, direct ranking method, and time series forecasting method. Results. Over the past 25 years, obesity prevalence among population increased 3 times, in adults over 18 years – 7 times, in children 0-14 years – 4 times, and in adolescents 15-17 years – 6 times. Since 2005, a sharp increase in obesity among adolescents with a significant gap compared to indicators in other age groups has been reported. The highest share of obesity cases is registered among adult population (78%), with half of them being people aged over 55-60. Children account for 15% of obesity cases and adolescents - for 7%. The highest share of children with obesity is registered in the Kaluga region (37%), the lowest one– in the Tyumen region (7%). As to adolescents aged 15-17 years, the highest share is registered in the Jewish autonomous region (14%), while the lowers one- in the Chechen Republic (2%), in adults over 18 years – the Altai territory (91%) and the Jewish autonomous region (50%), respectively. Regional heterogeneity in prevalence of obesity is observed across all age groups. At average, obesity prevalence rate is 1500 per 100,000 population. The highest prevalence rates registered in Altai Territory (5539.4 per 100,000) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (3527.2), the lowest - in Moscow (606.2) and Primorsky Territory (549.2). The Altai Territory, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Tyumen, Kurgan and Samara regions are the top-five regions in terms of obesity prevalence; while the Jewish Autonomous Region, Kaliningrad Region, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Moscow and Primorsky Territory are the last five in the ranking. Projection of indicators until 2030 shows that obesity prevalence in all age groups can double even under the low (favourable) forecast scenario. Conclusion. According to current and prognostic trends in obesity prevalence, it is necessary to strengthen measures to control obesity across all age groups, primarily in children. Scope of application. The study results can be used by regional healthcare authorities to plan and implement regional programs aimed at obesity prevention and management.

A quantitative method of analysis of the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies with the remote interaction of medical workers

The purpose of this research is to study the quantitative indicators of the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies (TMT) with the remote interaction of medical workers with each other to obtain an objective assessment of the level of activity and involvement of medical organizations (MO) of different constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF) in this process. The study was carried out according to the reporting forms of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center «Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery» (FSBI NMRC «CRID&MFS») of the Ministry of Health of Russia based on the results of councils of doctors using TMT. A total of 648 indicators were studied, reflecting the purpose of the consultation, the number of medical organizations that requested consultation in the specialty «maxillofacial surgery», the number of patients and requests. There were 685 applications for consultations in FSBI NMRC «CRID&MFS» of the Ministry of Health of Russia of 577 patients from 138 medical organizations of 72 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 8 Federal Districts (FD) for 2021 processed. The most involved MO in the process of providing medical care using TMT with remote interaction of medical workers with each other are of the Ural, Central, and Volga Federal Districts, of which the most active are the Khanty-Mansky and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts (AD). The demand for clarification of the tactics of treatment by doctors of MO of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is 1.8 times higher than in determining the possibility of hospitalization and 3.5 times higher than in clarification of the diagnosis. The indicators obtained as a result of the study can be included in the predictive analysis to determine the volume of TMT for the next calendar year, allowing in advance to rationally allocate personnel, time, information, material, and technical resources to ensure the process of providing medical care using TMT with remote interaction of workers with each other.

Sanctions and scenarios of economic development of the Russian Arctic territories (the case of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District)

Relevance. The sanctions against Russia in 2022 affected almost all areas of the country’s economic activity. The sanctions may have varying effects on different territories of Russia. Mono-sectoral regions specializing in the production of primary raw materials are faced with the highest uncertainty. Research objective. The main purpose of the study is to develop and describe scenarios for the economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District under the pressure of sanctions. As part of this task, the impact of restrictions on the development of municipalities in Yamal is assessed, with a special focus on the areas with new hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic zone. Data and methods. The study relies on the scenario method and the System of National Accounts to calculate the key indicators of economic development, which are defined as aggregated parameters (gross regional product, investment, tax revenues of the consolidated budget, and employment). Results. The impact of sanctions on the development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is considered through the three scenarios: inertial, negative, and catastrophic. Under the inertial scenario, the key indicators will not change, and the pace of economic development will decrease. Under the negative scenario, investment projects will be put on hold and a limited deterioration in economic indicators will be observed. Under the worst-case scenario, there will be a serious drop in the key indicators, especially investment and employment. Conclusions. The imposed sanctions prohibiting the supply of high-tech equipment and limiting the supply of natural gas and oil to world markets will not be destructive for Yamal even in the catastrophic scenario. However, these restrictions will seriously limit economic development, gradually worsening the prospects for the development of the Arctic territories and the region’s ability to maintain the current standards of living.

Новое местонахождение редкого вида Cotoneaster uralensis (Rosaceae)на Полярном Урале

The study reveals and identifies a new distribution point of a rare plant endemic to the Middle, Circumpolar and Polar Urals, – Cotoneaster uralensis. The plant is listed in the regional Red Books of the Russian Federation – namely the Red Books of YANAO and H-MAO. The location of this species installed in the upper river Krestovaya (tributary of the Langotyugan river), close to the centerline of the Polar Urals, on the Western border of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district (YANAO) of the Russian Federation. The article contains coordinates of this point and a brief description of the area. The new discovery of the species eliminates the gap in the distribution of C. uralensis between its 2 northernmost points and 7 points to the south known currently.

Sanctions in international politics: Expectations and reality

Sanctions have a long history, which spans over two thousand years. In fact, the first recorded cases of sanctions go as far back as ancient Greece. In the Middle Ages, such measures were formalized in legislation and were called repressalia. Under their current name, sanctions came to be known after World War I: the power to deploy sanctions was described in the League of Nations' Covenant. After the establishment of the United Nations, such measures were included into the Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Traditionally, sanctions are seen as a foreign policy tool falling between diplomacy and military force and applied in response to the undesirable actions of a certain state. Unlike diplomatic intervention efforts, sanctions have a more pronounced economic effect and are seen as more likely to bring the desired change in the target state's behaviour on the international arena. Unlike military force, sanctions are a less costly alternative and they also carry less risk of further escalation of the conflict. Lately, the topic of international sanctions has gained much urgency worldwide and has been actively discussed in the academic circles. The debates mostly centre around the impact of sanctions on the target's economy and their appropriateness as a foreign policy tool. There is, however, a perceived shortage of studies providing a comprehensive analysis of sanctions' impact on the regional, national and international levels as well as the specific tools of sanction policy and their effectiveness. More inquiry is needed into the challenges faced by target countries as well as the whole international community in relation to sanctions. The papers included in this special issue can be divided into three groups. The first group deals with the theory and methodology of sanctions studies. A.A.Pobedin in his paper 'Reconsidering Contemporary Classifications of Sanctions in the Light of the Russia Sanctions Regime' systematizes the approaches to the classification of international economic sanctions and proposes a qualitative model that can be used to examine specific sanctions regimes. The second group of studies includes the papers analyzing specific sanctions episodes. Special attention is given to comparative analysis of sanctions in different countries. I.V.Lazanyuk and D.Mambu Diu investigate the development of the Angolan economy under the pressure of sanctions. The authors focus on the role and mechanisms of the sanctions adopted by Western countries against Angola and some other African states. O.S.Sukharev and E.N.Voronchikhina compare the development of Iran and Russia during their respective sanctions episodes by looking at the dynamics of each country's macro-indicators. L.L.Bozhko in her paper 'Challenges of Anti-Russia Sanctions for Metals and Mining Enterprises in Kazakhstan' considers the problem from the perspective of Kazakhstan, which is not targeted by sanctions but is nevertheless affected by them because of its close trade ties with Russia. The study aims to identify and describe the strategies and models of behaviour used by Kazakhstani companies to avoid the risks of secondary sanctions. The third group comprises articles discussing the impact of sanctions on specific economic sectors and regions of Russia. I.S.Belik, N.V.Starodubets, A.I.Yachmeneva, and K.A. Prokopov estimate the potential losses incurred by Russian metal exporters due to the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in the EU and the sanctions pressure. S.A.Balashova and T.Musin analyze the problems and prospects of the Russian cloud computing market under sanctions. Since further dynamics of the market is surrounded with uncertainty related to the behaviour of the key drivers and the possible introduction of new sanctions, several scenarios are built for the development of the Russian cloud market and implementation of cloud technologies. E.A. Zakharchuk considers three scenarios of economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the largest oil and gas region of Russia, under sanctions. The article estimates the impact of the sanctions on specific areas of Yamal, especially the development of new hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic. M.Y.Ilyushkina, A.V.Stepanov, G.N.Valiakhmetova, and A.S.Burnasov describe the tendencies and prospects of development of Russian industrial regions under sanctions. They focus on the case of Sverdlovsk region, which has a high concentration of mining and manufacturing (heavy engineering) enterprises.

Christianity and the national identity of the Nenets

The article examines the main features and conditions of the formation of the national identity of the Nenets (the most numerous ethnic group among the indigenous peoples living in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) in the context of missionary activity as cross-cultural communication. The mission affects not only beliefs, but also culture, which includes life, nutrition, the form of social relations, symbols and so on. The more deeply the mission actor understands the culture of the addressee, the more effective the missionary service will be. For many Nenets, the adoption of baptism means the rejection of the culture of their people, which will inevitably entail a change of identity, since historically missionaries of different faiths insisted on the destruction of pagan artifacts and a complete break with the previous way of life. Attempts are being made among Orthodox and Protestant missionaries of Yamal to combine traditional culture and the Gospel in order to preserve national identity and increase the effectiveness of preaching. The Protestant campaign differs from the traditional Orthodox mission by desacralization of traditional beliefs through their rational interpretation. Thus, the mission does not lead to the legalization of traditional forms, but to a rethinking of the existing systems of relations. This method is promising, as it allows to rededicate culture in the spirit of the Christian tradition.