XVII-XIX Centuries Research Articles

Congenital Anatomical Variant of the Clavicle.

The aim of this study is to present a rare abnormality of the clavicle (Code: SGS01) that was discovered in an ossuary in the Church of San Gaetano (Sulmona, central Italy; XVII-XIX centuries CE). In the middle third, the clavicle had three areas with losses of substance in the form of oval-shaped foramina with maximum diameters of 1-2 cm that were located in the anterior and superior surfaces of the diaphysis. The margins of these foramina were well defined and rounded, and the surfaces of the canal walls were smooth. Additionally, there were no zones of bony activity or reactive changes around the foramina. This new congenital anomaly of the clavicle and blood vessels is consistent with a variant that might have originated during fetal growth in which the subclavian vein or artery remained included during the process of ossification of the clavicle. Anat Rec, 300:1401-1408, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Археологические свидетельства торговых отношений в г. Таре в XVII-XIX вв.

Археологические свидетельства торговых отношений в г. Таре в XVII-XIX вв.

ТОРГОВІ ТА ПРОМИСЛОВІ ПРИВІЛЕЇ ЯК ІСТОРИЧНІ ПРОТОТИПИ ПРАВ ЗА ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ДОЗВІЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ

ТОРГОВІ ТА ПРОМИСЛОВІ ПРИВІЛЕЇ ЯК ІСТОРИЧНІ ПРОТОТИПИ ПРАВ ЗА ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ДОЗВІЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ

Изобразительный материал на рукописных картах Западной Сибири (XVII–XIX вв.)

Abstract: In the article the unique heritage of Siberia – the handwritten maps of the XVII-XIX centuries unknown to the modern academic community are examined and the results of such analysis are stated. The authors (the philologist and the historian) analyzing the new cartographic sources considered the handwritten map as a multilevel semiotic system which includes the primary (cartographic) and the additional (pictorial and textual) information. The aim of the article is to identify and to analyze the iconic components of the maps in the three types of cartouches: ornamental, thematic and narrative cartouches. The textual description of the pictorial images is complemented by the fragments of the historical collections of maps created by the first Siberian chartographer S.U. Remezov («Khorograficheskaya kniga» and «Sluzhebnaya chertezhnaya kniga»). In the research the broad historical and cultural context is taken into account. The statements concerning the nomenclature of the decorative elements of the maps and the etymology of the terms map, Landkarte, globe, cartouche are of great importance. The authors trace the interrelation of the decorative elements of the maps and the elements of the western mythology regarding Russian North (Zolotaya Baba, catholic cross, map scale representing distance in miles).

Мусульманские некрополи XVII-XIX вв. в окрестностях г. Томска

Мусульманские некрополи XVII-XIX вв. в окрестностях г. Томска

TAYMYR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ECONOMY FORMATION AS A HISTORICAL PROCESS OF COLONIZATION: FEATURE ETHNOGRAPHIC STORY

Some decades of forced oblivion have gone and we watch an interest to the Arctic increase and escalation of the industrial development in Russia. It is connected with a start for some enliven of natural resources of the Arctic continental shelf assimilation. As a result of this we watch the occurrence of destructive processes of habitat relationships of wild reindeer as the main component of the livelihoods of the indigenous population is inevitable, which is likely to Taimyr. Within 1976-2002 some experience data on international research projects at the territory of East Taymyr has been accumulating. This cumulative database has been supported with field literature and archive analyzed for a long time (1976 - nowadays). Results. It became clear that within Arctic territories colonization periods (XVII-XIX centuries) the livelihood of Taymyr indigenous people advanced as a junction of different kinds of economy: fishing, hunting, berries and mushrooms gathering, domesticated reindeer husbandry with some greatest emphasis on wild reindeer hunting. National culture grounded with the livelihood plays the greatest role than a language group identification, so at a war conflict with close Samodians (Nenets), Enets and Nganasans have been supported by Evenki and Dolgans.

Attitude to creativity in classical science

The article discusses the features of scientific way of thinking formed in the framework of classical science of XVII-XIX centuries. Particular attention is paid to the value of creativity. An ambivalent attitude to modern science is demonstrated.

Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients with Scoliosis at the Turn of the Century

Idiopathic scoliosis is an illness commonly occurring in children and teenagers. During its development three-dimensional deformities can be observed: in frontal plane - primary, lateral curvature, in sagittal plane - deepening or flattening of the natural curvature of the spine and in transversal, horizontal plane - rotation and torsion of the vertebraeScoliosis treatment and rehabilitation have been an important and complex issue since the ancient times.The early methods, however, were very painful and hardly effective. At the turn of XVI - XVII centuries a fast development of scoliosis research and the first rehabilitation attempts were observed. In the following the use of corsets became a popular way of treatment. In Poland, scoliosis treatment and patients' rehabilitation gained new meaning at the turn of XVII-XIX centuries, when new, fast developing rehabilitation/treatment centers in Krakow, Poznan and Warsaw were opened.

Comparison of three solar activity indices based on sunspot observations

The following sunspot formation indices are analyzed: the relative sunspot number R z , the normal- ized sunspot group number R g , and the total sunspot area A. Six empirical formulas are derived to describe the relations among these indices after 1908. The earlier data exhibit systematic deviations from these formulas, which can be attributed to systematic errors of the indices. The Greenwich data on the sunspot total area A and the sunspot group number in 1874-1880 are found to be doubtful. Erroneous data at the beginning of the Green- wich series must spoil the values of the index R g in the XVII-XIX centuries. The Hoyt-Schatten series of R g may be less reliable than the well-known Wolf number series R z .

Os Tupis e os Tapuias de Eckhout: o declínio da imagem renascentista do índio

No século XVII as telas do holandês Albert Eckhout, sobre os Tupis e Tapuias, abandonam os cânones Renascentistas de beleza idealizada por uma imagem de índio mais descritiva e naturalista. Este tipo de imagem se revelará vitoriosa e será seguida pelos viajantes dos séculos XVII-XIX. Contudo, estas imagens "etnográficas" ainda que apresentem mudanças com relação aos esquemas renascentistas, não serão mais "objetivas" que as anteriores do século XVI, mostrando limitações iguais ao representar o índio "real" com esquemas convencionados um século antes.

DOCUMENTS RELATIFS L'HISTOIRE DE L'ASTRONOMIE CHINOISE ET AUX RAPPORTS SCIENTIFIQUES ENTRE L'EUROPE ET LA CHINE (XVIIE-XIXE SICLES) CONSERVS LA BIBLIOTHQUE DE L'OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title Documentsconcerning the ChineseHistoryof Astronomy and scientificrelationsbetweenEuropeand China (XVII-XIX centuries) The Library of the Astronomical Observatory of Paris contains many ancient documents relative to the scientific relation between Europe and China in the XVII-XIX centuries. These include letters, papers, notes, and astronomical observations of Jesuit scientist missionaries in China such as A. Gaubil (1689-1759), F. Verbiest (1623-1688), I. Kogler (1680-1746), etc., translations including the Bu Tian Ge (Song of Pacing the Heavens, 590 ca.), translated and annotated by A. Gaubil. The documents are important not only in the field of astronomy, but also of geography, anthropology, linguistics, uses and customs, etc., and are indispensable for the comparative study of the Europe-China scientific development. The aim of this second paper on the Paris Observatory's fond chinois is the recovery, analysis, revaluation and systematic presentation of this patrimony.

Thermal degradation of collagen-based materials that are supports of cultural and historical objects

The thermal analysis methods (TG, DTG and DTA) were used for the investigation of the thermal degradation of some recent manufactured tanned leathers, leathers that are supports of cultural or historical objects (leather from book covers (XVII-XIX centuries); leather from an Austrian belt (Franz Joseph period), Cordoba leather (XVII century), lining leathers), recent and patrimonial parchments and recent extracted collagen (sorts of collagen obtained from bovine leather at different pH-values, bovine collagen with different hydration degree). At progressive heating, all investigated materials exhibit two main successive processes, associated with the dehydration and thermo-oxidative degradation. Each analyzed material has a characteristic thermal analysis curve (TG, DTG and DTA) that can be considered a material 'fingerprint'. This result suggests the use of the thermal analysis methods to identify of leathers from which the patrimonial objects are manufactured. The rate of thermo-oxidation of recent manufactured tanned leathers is substantially higher than the rate of the same process corresponding to naturally aged leathers that exhibit values of the thermo-oxidation rate appropriate to those obtained for parchments and collagens. The rate of thermo-oxidation of leather can thus be used as a criterion to distinguish between recent manufactured leather and patrimonial one.