Xi Jinping Research Articles

Factors Behind Chinese Citizen Support to Implementation of Social Credit Policy

The social credit system was implemented in China by the Xi Jinping government officially in 2020. In implementing this policy, there are many arguments that argue this policy has the potential to cause human insecurity from the Chinese people because this policy is widely considered to be used as a tool to control people’s behaviour. Even so, this policy has high support from the Chinese people as evidenced by the high support for the implementation of the social credit system, and the high participation of the Chinese people in the trial of the social credit system in different provinces. Using disciplinary power theory, this article analyses what factors influence public support for the implementation of social credit policies by the Chinese government. This article also looks at how the Chinese government’s efforts in shaping obedience in Chinese society through the implementation of social credit policies. This article argues that the Chinese government succeeded in utilising appropriate means to make people support the implementation of the social credit policy even though the policy has the potential to cause human insecurity.

Interpreter-Mediated Diplomatic Discourse Represented and Reframed in Global News: A Case Study of China’s Statement at the General Debate of the 75th Session of United Nations General Assembly

Abstract In 2020, against the backdrop of the pandemic, climate change and the increasingly tense global situation, Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a speech at the General Debate of the 75th Session of United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which attracted extensive media coverage. This research employs corpus-based critical discourse analysis to explore how the Chinese original discourse was mediated by the interpreter and how the interpreter-mediated discourse was further represented and reframed by global news. The lenses of optional shifts and reframing are adopted respectively for intertextual analysis. Results indicate that the interpreter mediates the Statement through explicitation of information, reduction of information, explicitation of logic, and change of voice. Furthermore, the interpreted text and optional shifts within the text are generally well received by global news outlets. However, due to news outlets’ highly selective quotation process and the use of temporal and spatial framing and labelling strategies, the interpreted text may be reframed to construct narratives unexpected by China. This study sheds light on the dynamic process of international communication of diplomatic discourse, during which both the interpreter and global media outlets play crucial roles apart from the source speaker.

An Eco-Translatological Study of the English Version of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China IV

With the rapid development of China’s foreign relations, the effective dissemination of external publicity texts through high-quality translations has become a pivotal task in enhancing communication between China and the world. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China IV compiles President Xi Jinping’s speeches, talks, addresses, instructions, and congratulatory letters during his presidency, offering significant insights into Chinese political culture. This paper employs Eco-translatology to identify representative cases from the book and analyze the application of translation principles, strategies, and techniques in translating Chinese political texts. Specifically, the study examines translators’ adaptation and selection practices. It investigates the three-dimensional transformations of language, culture, and communication within the English rendition of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China IV.

Corporate ESG Performance, Green Innovation, and Green New Quality Productivity: Evidence from China

In recent years, China has placed significant emphasis on sustainable economic and social development, actively implementing the concept of green development. In 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that all regions should actively develop new-quality productivity, signifying a deepening of green and sustainable development principles. As an internationally recognized indicator for measuring corporate sustainability, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria may influence the enhancement of new-quality productivity across regions, particularly in relation to green new quality productivity. This paper investigates the effects of corporate ESG performance on the levels of green and new-quality productivity using data from China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2022. The findings reveal the following: (1) corporate ESG performance significantly enhances the level of green new quality productivity; (2) mechanism tests indicate that corporate ESG performance enhances green new quality productivity by promoting firms’ green innovation; and (3) further analysis shows that the effect of ESG performance on green new quality productivity is more pronounced in firms with low levels of financing constraints, high media attention, and elevated green awareness among executives. These findings provide empirical evidence for strengthening corporate ESG performance, promoting green innovation, elevating regional levels of green and new-quality productivity, and advancing sustainable development, thereby offering valuable insights for developing countries.

Under the Perspective of Seeing Party Self-governance Exercised Fully and with Rigor: Research on High-quality Party Building Leading and Guaranteeing High-quality Cadre Team Construction

Abstract: The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC (the Communist Party of China is referred to as CPC in this paper) Central Committee stressed that the focus is on improving the Party's leadership and long-term governance capacity, innovate and improve the mode of leadership and governance, deepen reform of the system for Party building, and optimize the system for seeing party self-governance exercised fully and with rigor. This is a strong response to Xi Jinping's speech on July 1st that "it takes a good blacksmith to make good steel" and the report of The 20th CPC National Congress emphasized "the Party's self-revolution." It highlights the significance of full and rigorous Party self-governance and the value and orientation of building the ranks of party cadres. In the new era, to carry out the Party building in government organs and ensure the construction of cadres, this study focus on the "high-quality" under the "full and rigorous Party self-governance". That is, the historical starting point and the theoretical quality of the guiding ideology of Party building is "high-quality", and the "evaluation criteria" of Party building promotes the responsibility of The Times, the quality and ability.

Study on the English Translation of “Xi-style” Speech from the Perspective of Appraisal system --Taking Xi Jinping’s keynote speech at the China-Central Asia Summit as an Example

By analyzing the English translation of “Working Together for a China-Central Asia Community with a Shared Future, Featuring Mutual Assistance, Common Development, Universal Security, and Everlasting Friendship” delivered by President Xi Jinping, who presided over the first China-Central Asia Summit in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, on May 19, 2023, the article analyze how President Xi's keynote address used the attitude of evaluation theory system to promote China's joining hands with Central Asian countries to build the Belt and Road, and to lead the future in-depth cooperation between China and the Central Asian region.

The new arms race: analyzing Sino-US geo-strategic dynamics and implications for global security

ABSTRACT The term ‘Arms Race’ describes the Cold War’s intricate geostrategic landscape, wherein the United States and Soviet Union were the principal contenders. The New Arms Race, in which China and the USA are major players, demonstrates the shifting dynamics of the global geostrategic landscape and symbolizes the current global geostrategic environment. This study, therefore, investigates the intricacies of the emerging Sino-U.S. arms race and how Xi Jinping's foreign policy and the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation influence China's military modernization. Considering China's recent military modernization, how has the US adapted its military modernization and strategic outlook to contain China? Furthermore, this study assesses President Trump's and Biden's diverse strategic outlooks in their approaches to China's military advancement and the geopolitical implications of the Sino-US Arms Race for global security and strategic stability. Moreover, this study highlights that a new bipolar world order analogous to the Cold War is emerging. The escalating New Arms Race will not only alter the regional balance of power but also encourage higher defense spending and strategic partnerships among like-minded nations, with consequences for the global arms control architecture.

Racial Capitalism in an Ethnic Minority Border Region

Abstract In the social, historical, and political context of Xi Jinping’s China, particular forms of racialization and racial capitalism have emerged in Altay Prefecture, the homeland of ethnic Kazakhs on China’s northwest border. This study examines the husbandry industry in Altay Prefecture to elucidate how Xi’s China has built a mode of racial capitalism through the management of Kazakh land, ethnicity, and culture. Within the framework of a case study, I employ document collection and participant observation methods to gather data that are then interpreted through critical policy analysis. The research shows that Kazakhs have been racialized based on their mobile pastoral traditions, enslaved in the “debt economy,” and exploited through husbandry policies and programs. The particular ways in which husbandry has been restructured and assimilated into Chinese industrial production chains exploit and reproduce the Kazakh-Han hierarchy and segregation. This close look at racial capitalism in Altay sheds light on the operations of Xi’s ecological civilization and war on poverty policies in an ethnic minority border region and discusses how they align with the broader geopolitics of the Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and Eastern Europe.

Multi-Agent Approach to Political Discourse Translation: From Large Language Models to MAGIC-PTF System

This research addresses the automated translation of Chinese political discourse into Russian utilizing Large Language Model (LLM) optimization technologies and a multi-agent approach. The study focuses on developing the MAGIC-PTF system, which implements multi-stage text processing through the interaction of four specialized agents. The system's key component is the Style Agent, which ensures stylistic uniformity and terminological accuracy based on a specifically trained LLM. The Translator Agent performs the primary translation work and is responsible for the final text formatting. The Editor Agent conducts multi-level verification and correction of translations, considering linguistic, semantic, and cultural aspects. The Reader Agent analyzes the text from the target audience's perspective, evaluating its reception by native Russian speakers. The methodology integrates LLM optimization technologies and a multi-agent approach, with experimental testing conducted on the fourth volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China" and its official Russian translation. The study includes a comprehensive analysis of system effectiveness using the COMET metric and comparative testing with existing machine translation platforms. The research's scientific novelty lies in developing a methodology for applying LLMs to specialized translation tasks and creating an effective coordination mechanism for intelligent agents in the translation process. Experimental research demonstrated MAGIC-PTF's superiority over traditional machine translation systems in key parameters: terminological accuracy, stylistic consistency, and preservation of culture-specific elements in political discourse. The developed system opens new possibilities for automated translation of political discourse and can be adapted for translating other specialized text types, confirming its significance for modern translation technology development. Of particular value is the system's scalability and adaptability to various language pairs and discourse types, creating prospects for further development in automated specialized text translation. The research findings also contribute to advancing the theory and practice of LLM application in professional translation.

China’s Endless Frontier

Chinese President Xi Jinping has advocated for scientific and technological self-reliance amid increasing global tensions over emerging technologies. So far though, reforms to China’s innovation ecosystem have fallen short of the goal of developing domestic versions of many of the technologies at the center of U.S.-China competition. The Ministry of Education’s new program called “organized scientific research” seeks to address this shortcoming. In so doing, the ministry aims to channel research resources toward strategically relevant sectors—especially in technologies susceptible to U.S. restrictions—while maintaining space for free scientific exploration.

The Changing Role of Leaders in Chinese Foreign Policy Making Process

China has experienced a long period of rapid economic development. As a result, China has become one of the world's most important economic actors. The transformations China has experienced have made the foreign policy-making process quite complex. In the Chinese political system, leaders have always played a critical role in foreign policy making. However, the role of the leader has become more important since Xi Jinping came to power. This article mainly examines how Chinese leaders, and Xi Jinping in particular, play a role in foreign policy making. This study basically seeks to answer the question to what extent Chinese leaders have power and influence in foreign policy making. China's current economic and political structure does not allow leaders to come to power who would cause major upheavals in the overall direction of the country. This study basically argues that no matter how powerful they try to be, Chinese leaders have limited power and influence in foreign policy making. This study is based on constructivism’s analysis of the agent-structure problem.

Sinicizing China’s World Muslim City: Spatial Politics, National Narratives, and Ethnoreligious Assimilation in the PRC

Abstract The nation-state is as much a narrative and ideational project as it is a spatial-territorial one. In the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping’s calls to “revitalize” China’s traditional culture, “Sinicize” religions, and “rejuvenate” the Chinese nation reflect a broader effort to reframe the national narrative and strengthen Communist Party control. This article examines the implications of Xi’s revisionist nationalism for China’s fifty-five minority nationalities, in particular the Hui, one of ten Muslim minority groups. It does so by analyzing the rise and demise of World Muslim City (WMC), a development project in western China that mobilized Hui identity and traditions for economic and diplomatic purposes. WMC was facilitated by a multicultural national narrative and by a fragmented authoritarian political system that for many years fostered policy improvisation, and deviation, at the local level. Its suspension underscores the increasingly anti-Muslim, anti-religious tenor of PRC policy, as evidenced by the Sinicization campaign that was a proximate cause of WMC’s demise. Its demise also highlights ongoing efforts to reassert CCP control over government, business, and the Party’s own rank-and-file. The fate of WMC furthermore reveals the spatial dimensions of Sinicization, and of Chinese cultural governance past and present. To paraphrase theorist Henri Lefebvre, Sinicization entails “spatial practices” that impose Xi-ist “representations of space” on lived “representational spaces,” from mosques and businesses to theme parks and luxury resorts.

Rehabilitating Republican China: Historical Memory, National Identity and Regime Legitimacy in the Post-Mao Era

Abstract Described in the Chinese Communist Party's orthodox historiography as a dark and repressive period and part of the “century of humiliation,” the Republican era has in recent decades undergone a significant reassessment in the People's Republic of China (PRC). In books, newspaper articles, documentaries and dramas, Republican China has sometimes been portrayed as a vibrant society making remarkable progress in modernization in the face of severe external challenges. This article explores the origins of this surprising rehabilitation and examines in detail how the Republican-era economic legacies have been reassessed in the reform era. It finds that while the post-Mao regime continues to use the negative view of China's pre-communist history to maintain its historical legitimacy, it has also been promoting a positive view of aspects of the same period in order to support its post-1978 priorities of modernization and nationalism, a trend that has persisted under Xi Jinping despite his tightened ideological control. The selective revival of Republican legacies, although conducive to the Party's current political objectives, has given rise to revisionist narratives that damage the hegemony of its orthodox historical discourses, on which its legitimacy still relies.

Incorporating Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization into China’s Ideological and Political Education: Its Inheritance and Innovations

Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization has pointed out the direction for China’s ecological conservation and construction in the new era, and provided guidelines and basic principles for the concrete actions in this regard. Meanwhile, it has also provided a new direction for the development of ideological and political education. This article analyzes the theoretical basis and core content of Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization, and explores its integration into traditional ideological and political education, including adhering to Marxism, inheriting the ecological philosophy of China’s fine traditional culture, and viewing local practices from a global perspective. On the basis of that, it is further proposed that the integration of Xi Jinping Thought on Eco-Civilization into ideological and political education should be carried out horizontally and vertically to construct an educational community, in a bid to form a new path of moral education with unified goals and in a gradual manner. By horizontally, it means that it is necessary to comprehensively apply modern curriculum education concepts and collaborate with various ecological elements such as schools, families, communities, and the Internet. While by vertically, it means that it is necessary to carry out eco-civilization education with different focuses for students at different school ages in primary schools, middle schools, and colleges.

Evaluating the Economic and Trade Cooperation Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on China-Pakistan Relations

The BRI, initiated by Chinese President Xi Jinping, sounds like an ambitious scheme for the development of integration and network cooperation scheme in the Asia-Europe-Africa region. Pakistan is the closest ally of BRI since it occupies a strategic position as a transit route for exchange. The China-Pakistan Financial Passage (CPEC), a lead venture of the BRI, centers on improving financial participation and foundation improvement between the two nations. Whereas the BRI has encouraged Pakistan's framework development and expanded two-sided exchange with China, challenges such as debasement, responsibility, obligation supportability, and territorial security dangers have risen. Understanding the BRI's effect on China-Pakistan relations makes a difference in the project's openings, challenges, and potential dangers while directing decision-making and collaborative endeavors. To evaluate the BRI's impact, a combination of descriptive, regression, and comparative analyses was used, along with qualitative insights from policymakers. Data conception further illustrates trends in trade, investment, and economic growth.

Научный смысл и суть концепции «верховенства Конституции в управлении государством» и «верховенства Конституции в исполнении властных полномочий» в КНР

The supremacy of the Constitution in the exercise of power and state governance is the essence of Xi Jinping's ideas on the rule of law. Chinese conceptions of thesupremacy of the Constitution in state governance and the exercise of power are fundamentally different from so-called Western "constitutionalism". The essence of adopting theConstitution as a basic guide to action is to better transform the constitutional institutioninto an effective way of governing the country. Adherence to the comprehensive leadershipof the CPC is one of the basic requirements of the Chinese Constitution and constitutes theessence of the supremacy of the Constitution in governing the state and exercising power. "The people" is the goal of the supremacy of the Constitution in governing the state andexercising power. Following the set of socialist institutions with Chinese characteristicsinvolves maintaining, strengthening and improving the essential, basic and important institutions defined by the Constitution. To this end, it is necessary to adhere to the organicunity of the Party leadership, the rule of law in governing the state and the role of the peopleas full masters in the country, so as to realize the fundamental right of the people to governthe state, and to enhance the vitality of the Party and the state, mobilize the enthusiasm ofthe people, expand socialist democracy and develop socialist political civilization. The supremacy of the Constitution in the governance of the state and the exercise of power playsa leading role in the comprehensive rule of law in the governance of the state and shouldbe based on its deep implementation. The rule of law in the governance of the state and theexercise of power and the rule of rules in party governance are not pseudoscientific gamesof terms, but the scientific expression of the rich practice and dialectical relationship ofcomprehensive governance of the state in accordance with the law.

Can diplomatic activities promote foreign direct investment? Empirical evidence from China

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of Chinese senior leaders’ diplomatic visits on outward and inward foreign direct investment (OFDI and IFDI, respectively). Additionally, it aims to discern the differential impacts of diplomatic visits on FDI across different Chinese administrations.Design/methodology/approachWe utilize data about the diplomatic visits of Chinese senior leaders to 146 host countries. The dataset was divided into two leadership eras: the tenure of President Hu Jintao and Prime Minister Wen Jiabao from 2003 to 2012 and the period from 2013 to 2021 under President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Li Keqiang. We employ generalized least squares, lagged effect, and two-stage least squares methods to estimate the econometric model. This analytical framework assesses the influence of high-level diplomatic visits on FDI flows, addressing potential time-serial and endogeneity concerns.FindingsThe findings reveal that senior leaders’ diplomatic visits significantly boost Chinese OFDI. The effect on IFDI in China is not statistically significant. The administrations of Hu and Xi played positive roles in promoting OFDI. However, only Hu’s administration showed a statistically significant positive relationship with IFDI. The result suggests a potential increase in IFDI between China and host countries within two to three years following diplomatic visits.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of how Chinese senior leaders’ diplomatic activities affect foreign direct investment. It provides a deeper understanding of Chinese senior leaders’ diplomatic efforts to compensate for investment across two administration periods. It offers insights into the potential influence of diplomatic efforts on FDI, enriching the understanding of diplomacy’s role in international business contexts.

Xi Jinping's Climb to the Top

Xi Jinping's Climb to the Top

China’s Governance in the “New Era” of Xi Jinping

The dramatic shifts in policies and practices of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) over the course of its tumultuous 75-year history underscore the decisive importance of political leadership. Institutionally, China closely resembles other former and surviving Communist regimes. Operationally, however, its dynamic patterns of governance reflect the shifting concerns of a succession of visionary Communist Party leaders.

Authors' Response: Policy Implications of Xi Jinping Thought for China and the World

Authors' Response: Policy Implications of Xi Jinping Thought for China and the World