Xi Jinping Research Articles

Changing diasporic identity and increasing global backlash: the Xi government’s tactics and challenges of engaging new generation overseas Chinese

ABSTRACT The transnational engagement between the Chinese communist government and first-generation overseas Chinese has been analysed extensively, but the academic analysis of interactions between the Chinese communist government under Xi Jinping and new generation overseas Chinese is scarce. Questions arise regarding how the rise of new generation overseas Chinese has changed the diasporic identity of the overseas Chinese community; what the Xi government’s tactics of engaging new generation overseas Chinese are; and how new generation overseas Chinese respond to the Xi government’s targeted campaign. By answering these questions, this article provides an important case study for the emerging scholarship on the relations between authoritarian states and new generation diasporas. Building on government archives, ethnographic interviews, media reports, and online and offline diaspora events, this article analyses the Xi government’s tactics and challenges of diaspora engagement targeting new generation overseas Chinese, and forecasts an uphill battle for the Xi government.

Education for profit in the era of Xi: biopower, resistance and China’s double reduction policy

ABSTRACT This study aims to advance the understanding of for-profit Chinese education during the tenure of Chairman Xi Jinping. Notably, Xi has recently targeted the privately operated, for-profit before-and-after school supplementary tutoring industry, commonly referred to as “Shadow Education”. In 2021, the introduction of the Double Reduction policy abruptly prohibited most SE businesses. Our research seeks to elucidate the impacts of this sudden policy shift on Chinese parents’ perceptions and decision-making regarding their children’s education and supplementary learning opportunities. Conducted in 2022 across mainland China, our study engaged 195 parents through an online survey followed by two focus group interviews. The investigation was driven by the primary research question: How did Chinese parents, whose children previously participated in SE, respond to the 2021 Double Reduction policy? The analysis is framed with Foucault’s theory of biopower, which envisions power as permeating all spheres of human life. This theoretical framework is particularly relevant as Chinese education under Xi Jinping’s government is increasingly exemplifies the pervasive influence of biopolitics across all facets of society and learning. We aim to address a critical gap in the study of Chinese education, focusing on the intricate interplay of policy analysis amidst broader social and economic forces.

Going Local: Policy Intellectuals’ Adaptive Strategies under Xi Jinping

During the Hu Jintao era, policy intellectuals participated in public debates, openly criticizing existing government policies. During the Xi Jinping era, despite regime efforts to tame intellectuals, some critical voices have retained influence over policymaking processes. What adaptation strategies have they utilized to circumvent the regime’s control over public speech? This article points to two strategies. First, policy intellectuals formed shifting collaborations with both state and nonstate actors. Second, they utilized collaborations with state actors to enter consultative forums. The article finds that policy intellectuals not only formed Beijing-based alliances but also cultivated closer cooperation with local officials. By “going local” in this way, they bypassed Beijing’s tightening political environment. This article focuses on two important policy intellectuals in the healthcare arena who have gone local. It also includes a comparison between these two policy intellectuals and seven of their prominent peers who did not go local, as well as with intellectuals from another policy arena: education.

Practice and Experience of Corps Colleges and Universities in the New Era of the Communist Party of China's Unity and Stabilisation of the Borderlands

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when attending the Fifth Session of the 13th National People's Congress that "national unity is the lifeline of all ethnic groups in our country, and the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the basis of national unity". Based on this, this study takes the creation of national unity and progress in colleges and universities as the main line, selects the national national unity and progress in the creation of demonstration units - Shihezi University as the object of study, comprehensively applies the comprehensive social survey research methods such as literature research, participant observation, interviews, etc., sums up the specific practice of Shihezi University in practicing unity and stabilisation of Xinjiang, and puts forward targeted, comprehensive, and effective measures for the creation of Xinjiang's national unity and progress in Xinjiang. The study will summarise the concrete practice of Shihezi University, put forward targeted and exemplary opinions on the creation of national unity and progress, promote the implementation and development of the concept of "unity and stability" in the whole territory, and offer suggestions for the realisation of social stability and long-term peace and stability in Xinjiang.

Study on the Dilemma and Optimization Path of Strengthening the Consciousness of the Chinese Nation's Community

Promoting Mandarin is one essential aspect of building a strong sense of community in the Chinese nation. In his report to the 20th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed increasing the promotion of the national common language. However, some problems in the current Mandarin promotion strategy urgently need to be remedied. This study takes Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, as the research object, combines the five "inter-embedded" theories, deeply analyzes the establishment of a solid identity system, and profoundly explores how to effectively deal with the current difficulties in the process of promoting Mandarin and further strengthen the sense of community of the Chinese nation. It attempts to reveal the current situation and challenges of promoting Mandarin in Shangri-La City. It proposes targeted optimization paths in this context, providing theoretical reference and practical guidance for language education and ethnic unity and progress in ethnic areas.

Study on the Measurement and Evaluation of the Domestic Circular Development Level of China's Economy

Since reform and opening up, China has actively promoted the development of the international economic cycle, but there are still some areas that are at a disadvantage in the value and supply chain in long-term international transactions. Although the New Crown epidemic has had a huge impact on the global economy, the domestic economy has gradually recovered and international trade has recovered. Against this background, General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern “with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international cycles promoting each other”. This paper takes the demand side of the domestic cycle of China's economy as the entry point, selects the consumption base, consumption willingness, consumption structure and other specific indicators of 31 provinces in China from 2015 to 2020, and adopts the entropy value method to study China's domestic cycle at this stage. The study finds that (1) there are obvious regional differences in China's economic domestic cycle, and the eastern and central regions are important contributors to the domestic cycle; (2) the development of China's economic domestic cycle is in a positive trend after the epidemic; (3) the level of economic exchanges between regions is low, and there is the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development. An in-depth understanding of the role and pattern of China's economic double cycle in the domestic economy will help grasp the actual level of the new development pattern.

Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Pharmacology Courses Under the Background of New Medical Sciences

In the wave of the new technological revolution, industrial transformation, and educational reform, cultivating innovative pharmaceutical and health talents for a strong education nation and Healthy China has become a new challenge for higher medical schools. The questions of for whom to cultivate, what kind of people to cultivate, and how to cultivate is a core component of General Secretary Xi Jinping s important thoughts on education and a significant strategic measure of the National Education Conference. This ideology provides a fundamental answer to these three questions and meets the goal of whole-process, all-round education. It has opened up a new chapter in the development of higher education in China. Strengthening the construction of ideological and political education (hereinafter referred to as IPE) in medical schools is an important way to deepen medical education reform.

Diplomatic Geography of Xi Jinping: What the Statistics of the Chinese Leader’s Foreign Visits Reveal

This article seeks to delineate the foreign policy priorities of the People's Republic of China (PRC) by analyzing the international visits of Chinese President Xi Jinping. It posits that the evolution of a state's foreign policy can be traced through the foreign engagements of its leaders. This is particularly pertinent for China, where presidential visits are historically significant. The article offers an overview of China's traditional diplomacy and the foreign policy activities of Xi Jinping's predecessors. It concludes that Xi Jinping continues to undertake foreign visits in alignment with the «openness» policy, similar to his predecessors. Through a detailed analysis of the frequency and destinations of Xi Jinping's international visits over his two terms, the authors present a periodization of his foreign policy priorities. A comparative analysis is conducted on the visit frequencies of Xi Jinping and his predecessor, Hu Jintao, with adjustments for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. With Xi Jinping's re-election for a third term in 2023, this study provides insights into the nature and priorities of China's foreign policy for his current term and potential developments in the ongoing five-year political cycle. The findings indicate that from 2018 to 2023, Xi Jinping increased his visits to Southeast Asian countries, particularly Indonesia and Vietnam, while maintaining a consistent focus on Russia and the United States, akin to the approach under Jiang Zemin. The enduring partnership with Russia, spanning over two decades, corroborates the assertion that Sino-Russian relations are at their strongest in the history of bilateral ties. Data for this study were sourced from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, and materials from the Chinavitae and China Power research projects.

The Eurasian Space in Chinese Official and Academic Discourses

The «Belе and Road Initiative» (BRI), proposed by China, marked a new phase in its external openness and growing desire to influence regional and global processes. However, BRI should not be viewed solely as a Chinese blueprint for restructuring Eurasia. The broad interpretative and geographical scope set by Chinese authorities allows flexibility in adapting the initiative to specific regions and countries, which is strategic for modifying or withdrawing commitments as needed. This paper examines why BRI has not become the foundation for a Chinese concept of Eurasia despite its significant impact on regional geopolitics.Our analysis begins with a critical examination of President Xi Jinping's speech at Nazarbayev University in 2013, identifying the nuanced usage of «Eurasia» that primarily refers to the post-Soviet space rather than the entire Eurasian continent. We delve into the subsequent official documents, noting the delay and ambiguity in defining the geographical and conceptual boundaries of BRI. The 2015 document, "Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road," illustrates the initiative's extensive and vague geographical scope, indicating that China did not initially aim for a broad Eurasian strategy.By employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), we uncover how China's official rhetoric strategically frames BRI. The analysis reveals that Chinese discourse emphasizes bilateral rather than multilateral engagements within Eurasia, reflecting a «point-to-point» rather than a networked approach. This strategic ambiguity allows China to navigate its relationships with key regional players, notably Russia and the Central Asian states, without committing to a comprehensive Eurasian integration framework.The findings highlight the cautious and adaptive nature of China's engagement with Eurasia. The shift from a regional to a global scope in BRI discourse underscores China's pragmatic approach in balancing its regional ambitions with global aspirations.

China in the era of ‘Top-level design’: hard steering by the central commission for comprehensively deepening reform (CCCDR) in National policymaking

This article reviews the history and working mode of the Central Commission for Comprehensively Deepening Reform (CCCDR) to shed light on the underpinnings of ‘top-level design’ in China’s policy process. We demonstrate the paradoxical nature of the CCCDR’s ‘hard steering’: on the one hand, agenda-setting and the creation of major reform policies has been centralized and highly formalized; on the other hand, local circumstances are not adequately taken into account, resulting in low resource-efficiency in policy implementation. This article makes an important contribution to our understanding of the Chinese policy process under conditions of ‘top-level design’. By showing how political steering is conducted at the central level and by drawing on a case study, we also critically assess the CCP’s governing capacity in the Xi Jinping era.

Research of Teacher Morality Construction in Private Undergraduate Art Colleges under the Standards of Master in the New Era

Private undergraduate art colleges are important bases for cultivating artistic professionals with both moral and artistic qualities. The level of teacher morality plays a crucial role in cultivating students' ideological qualities and aesthetic abilities. President Xi Jinping's philosophy of Master is an important guide for the professional development of teachers in the new era. According to the Master's standard, some private art undergraduate colleges need to improve their self-cultivation. In this regard, private art undergraduate colleges should strengthen ideological and political learning, improve the system of teacher morality construction, innovate the practical forms of teacher morality construction, and create an image of Masters with artistic characteristics, so as to build a strong country through education.

Constructing Moral Governance in China Today: The Law‒Morality‒Self-Governance Connection

Abstract This paper asks how moral governance [dezhi 德治] infrastructure has expanded under Xi Jinping. The Xi leadership has designed this expansion by framing moral governance activity within what it calls the Three Governances (law-based governance, moral governance and self-governance), which, in turn sits under the Chinese Communist Party Political-Legal Committee’s social governance regime. Moral governance has expanded as part of the Xi leadership’s efforts to enhance the Party’s governance capacity-building in the area of social governance in three main ways: through ideology, social governance plans, and community engagement. The Party has broadened the boundaries of what elements of social relations it considers risky or capable of inducing social disorder, and in so doing, it has broadened the boundaries of its response to its own perceived expansion of risks. The Party has integrated moral governance into its overall comprehensive social governance ambitions to enhance its capacity to securitize the grassroots, which is the Xi leadership’s number one governance priority.

Shifting spatial metaphors in Russia at a time of war

ABSTRACT Russia’s war with Ukraine is reshaping Russia’s geopolitical orientation and transforming the ways the country relates to its immediate neighbours. In this article, rather than undertaking a geopolitical analysis of the consequences inside Russia of the ongoing war in Ukraine, we look at public discourse as one aspect of political activity. We describe how processes of a holistic kind are depicted in metaphors and how new spatial metaphors are emerging. The war has pushed earlier somatic and emotion-laden state-generated images into coexistence with new tropes of centripetal convergence around the President and loyalty to the power vertical. We also bring to attention other kinds of images: the downbeat metaphors and historical analogies with which people describe Russia’s changing actuality, and the new spatial-territorial images produced by ethnic groups who are looking at Russia from alternative, non-central and sometimes conflictual perspectives. Unlike the national homogenisation that has developed from Xi Jinping’s image of ‘China’s dream’, Russia remains a consciously ‘imperial’, multiethnic and economically diverse country. We suggest that examining the influential metaphors by which it is imagined, both the holistic and the diverse, incongruous or splintered, is one way to capture the multiplicity of a country at war and in flux.

The Contribution and Historical Significance of Xi Jinping’s Statements on Poverty Alleviation

ABSTRACT Xi Jinping’s statements on poverty alleviation form an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. These statements embody a series of systematic concepts regarding poverty alleviation, constructed around a scientifically rigorous theoretical system which, while drawing extensively on the lessons of past Chinese practice, also possesses distinct 21st-century characteristics. At the same time, the statements condense contemporary China’s extremely rich recent experience of fulfilling the tasks of poverty alleviation. These concepts and theoretical achievements, along with the basic experience they encapsulate, reveal the scientific laws of poverty alleviation, and have greatly enriched and developed Marxist anti-poverty theory. As the latest theoretical advances in the field of poverty alleviation, and as the theoretical expression and enhancement of the path to poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics, their success may be attributed to socialism with Chinese characteristics. Consequently, Xi Jinping’s statements on poverty alleviation, along with the practical achievements related to them, have momentous status and possess far-reaching significance for the history of the development of the Chinese nation, the history of the development of world socialism, and the history of human anti-poverty efforts.

Historical Contribution of Socialist Political Economy with Chinese Characteristics

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially after reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China has continuously advanced the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist political economy. Through the great practice of economic construction with Chinese characteristics, a socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics has been formed. As the latest theoretical achievement of Marxist political economy in contemporary China and the 21st-century world, Xi Jinping’s economic thought deeply reflects the Communist Party of China’s new understanding of the laws of economic development. With more pronounced subjectivity, originality, completeness, and theoretical richness, it not only provides a scientific guide for China’s high-quality economic development and the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country but also propels the socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics to a new stage, contributing Chinese wisdom to the innovative development of Marxist political economy.

The Practice of Common Prosperity with Chinese Characteristics: Institutional Guarantees, Intellectual Impetus and Scientific Theories

ABSTRACT Under the guidance of the CPC, the practice of common prosperity with Chinese characteristics is being advanced while Marxism and the socialist state power are being upheld and the socialist system with Chinese Characteristics is being safeguarded. Rooted in the monumental mission to eliminate poverty and construct a moderately prosperous society in all respects, this endeavor is driven by the intellectual impetus of poverty alleviation and common prosperity, and is steered by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Among the facets of common prosperity with Chinese characteristics, the national governance system, including especially the national economic governance system, stands as the institutional guarantee affirming its practice. Providing the intellectual impetus is the ethos of common prosperity with Chinese characteristics, an inseparable component of the ideological legacy passed down from the founding principles of the CPC. As the work of achieving common prosperity with Chinese characteristics goes forward, its theoretical basis is bound to become more prominent and to evolve further, shaped by practice. It is precisely the combination of the national governance system, intellectual impetus and scientific theory that ensures the steady and far-reaching advance of common prosperity with Chinese characteristics.

China’s Achievements of Poverty Alleviation, and the Prospects for the Anti-poverty Battle

ABSTRACT In China, the battle to end poverty has now undergone a transformation from quantitative to qualitative poverty alleviation. This shift has been reflected mainly in the form of achievements in rural and regional poverty alleviation, and of poverty alleviation achievements driven by institutional changes. President Xi Jinping’s important discussions on poverty alleviation have played a key role in the adapting of Marxist anti-poverty theory to the Chinese context, and provide scientific guidance for China in its momentous struggle to consign poverty to the past. The institutional advantages of socialism provide a strong guarantee of success for China’s poverty alleviation, and the country’s great achievements in this endeavor also reflect the institutional advantages possessed by China since the reform and opening up. After eliminating absolute poverty, China needs to establish a long-term mechanism to address relative poverty and to consolidate and expand its achievements in the poverty alleviation field.

Современная цивилизация китайской нации в творческой трансформации традиционной культуры

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has insisted on combining the basic tenets of Marxism and Chinese outstanding traditional culture, promoted the creative transformation and innovative development of outstanding Chinese traditional culture, and determined the direction of building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping deeply understands the outstanding continuity of Chinese civilization, and uses elements of traditional culture to develop the core values of socialism. It promotes the humanistic spirit embodied in traditional culture, forming the spiritual family tree of Chinese communists, realizes the unity of Chinese civilization, constantly improves the socialist state system with Chinese characteristics, develops the potential of party workers, promotes the peaceful and inclusive character of Chinese civilization, and pursues the policy of building a Community of Shared Destiny humanity, proposes a Chinese global governance program.

『시진핑 국정운영을 말하다』에 관한 번역수사학적 연구

As interaction between countries becomes increasingly frequent, the importance of foreign publicity becomes evident. Among them, the role of translation is very crucial in foreign publicity. This study aimed to analyze how political texts were translated into Korean based on the perspective of rhetoric, with Xi Jinping: The Governance of China as the research subject. Through this, it was found that the rhetorical methods used in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China are divided into quotation, metaphor, parallelism, and antithesis, and as a result of based on these analyses, it was found that the translator mainly used methods such as literal translation, free translation, adaptation, Chinese character notation, addition, semantic interpretation, omission, etc. Also, inappropriate expressions were found while analyzing the Korean translation. At the same time, opinions were also presented to correct these. Through this study, it is hoped that it will help in conducting translation or foreign publicity projects of other political texts including “Xi Jinping: The Governance of China” in the future.

Research on the Theoretical Progression of General Secretary's Important Discourse on Women's Issues

The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. The degree of globalization is deepening. While the development of women in various countries has made great progress, their development demands are still increasing. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, Chinese women are faced with new opportunities and new challenges. Under these circumstances, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made many speeches on women's issues on important occasions at home and abroad. His discourse is based on Marxist women's theory, the women's theory of successive generations of Communist Party leaders, and the excellent traditional Chinese women's thought. The three constitute the theoretical source of its discussion. Focusing on women's special needs, realizing individual equality of women's rights to development, building a family civilization with family education and morals, strengthening the reform and innovation of the construction of the three natures of women's federations, and promoting global women's development. These are the key nuclei of his important discourses. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on women's issues is rich in connotation, profound in thought, and has great practical significance. As a film with rich connotation, Disney 's live‐action Mulan film has attracted much attention. This article uses the literature data method and text analysis method to analyze the characteristics of the real‐life version of Mulan and its connection with post‐ colonial theory. By analyzing the cultural, historical and gender identity of the film, it explores its inherent cultural significance and profound connotation.