X-ray Analysis Research Articles

An intelligent chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol film with two types of anthocyanins for improved color recognition accuracy and monitoring fresh-cut pineapple freshness

In this study, chitosan (CS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) were used as bases to introduce a blend of black wolfberry (BW) and red cabbage (RC) anthocyanins. The chelation reaction of CS, PVA, and STPP resulted in the composite anthocyanins being fixed within the matrix with an appropriate ratio of composite anthocyanins stably distributed in the film. The FTIR and X-ray analyses revealed that the addition of both types of anthocyanins strengthened hydrogen bond interactions. Moreover, the CP/BR-4 film exhibited excellent antioxidant, mechanical, and antibacterial properties, as well as a sensitive and rapid response to acidic substances. The freshness of pineapples stored under refrigeration for 6 d was also evaluated, showing more significant color changes with the CP/BR-4 film than the other treatment groups. Therefore, the composite anthocyanin film can potentially serve as an intelligent film for the detection of postharvest freshness in practical applications.

Ancillary ligand modulation effect on crystallization, metal aquation, fluorescence, lipophilicity, electrochemistry and anticancer activities of Pt(II) complexes

The potential applications of Pt complexes depend on the coordinating auxiliary ligand(s) and ancillary/leaving ligand(s) attached to the metal. Pt(II) complexes bearing ONS-donor salicylaldimine auxiliary ligand with general formula LPtX, (L = ONS-donor salicylaldimine ligand) with functionalized ancillary ligand X (X = Cl, Br, I and OAc) (C1a-C4a and C1b-C4b) were synthesized using a well-established method. All these complexes were characterized in solution and in solid state using multiple analytical techniques. The effect of ancillary ligand modification was studied on multiple features including crystallization, metal aquation, fluorescence, lipophilicity, electrochemistry and anticancer activities of these complexes. Depending on the ancillary ligands, from single crystal X-ray analysis different structural features in solid state or arrangement in crystal packing were observed. The ancillary ligand (Cl, Br, I, and OAc) hydration in DMSO‑d6/D2O mixture to form cationic [L-Pt-H2O]+ was analyzed by time dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy. The ancillary ligands also affected fluorescence of these complexes, a trend of decreasing emission with increasing atomic mass of the attached atom as ancillary ligand was observed. Lipophilicity (log P) of “a” series was measured as reference series and we found the order depending on the ancillary ligand in each complex as I > Br > OAc > Cl, showing C3a lipophilicity was the highest and C1a was the lowest. Finally, these complexes were checked for their anticancer effect and the IC50 was calculated using MTT assay. These complexes showed better anticancer effect as compared to cisplatin. The anticancer effect was not linear with the previously discussed properties showing the anticancer activity may depend on the sum of multiple structural parameters and also depend on the nature of cancer cells, so it was not conclusive using a single set of parameters to comply with the other.

Microwave Green Synthesis of Alumina Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Characterization and Microbial Effect

This research set out to provide a faster, easier, and more efficient process for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis of aluminum oxide NPs preparation by microwave irradiation, using plant extracts separately and in the same way (tea, coffee, rosemary), which is an easy-to-use and inexpensive method. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffractometer analysis technique (XRD). The X-ray analysis shows the structure has a polycrystalline nature with a hexagonal phase. The optical properties were studied using ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer, where the energy gap was determined. The surface morphology properties of the prepared aluminum NPs were examined by atomic force microscope (AFM). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified the presence of Al-O, C–O, and C–H bonds, this study confirms the high reducing and capping capacity of aluminum NPs via biomolecules found in the plant extract. The inhibitory activity of these Al2O3-NPs was observed, along with their potential to enter the bacterial cell wall and hinder its activity.

Exploring optical, electronic and NLO properties: Growth and characterization of rubidium hydrogen (+)- tartrate crystals

Rubidium, a highly reactive alkali metal, is used in several research areas, such as electronics for its light-emitting properties, and in making glass, ceramics, and in biomedical studies. Single crystals of Rubidium Hydrogen (+)-Tartrate (RHT) suitable for the X-ray analysis were obtained from water solution. The crystal structure of the RHT crystal was determined using single crystal XRD, revealing an orthorhombic system with a non-centrosymmetric space group, P212121. The lattice parameters were a = 7.9233 Å, b = 10.9883 Å, and c = 7.6527 Å, with a unit cell volume of 666.272 ų. The structural vibrations of the RHT compound were analysed using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy, while NMR provided further insights into its molecular structure. Theoretical investigations at the DFT/RB3LYP/LANL2DZ level were conducted to explore the molecular structure, vibrational spectra, and bonding interactions within the RHT compound's molecular system. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis of the RHT compound revealed significant charge transfer interactions and stabilization energies, particularly highlighting strong electron donor-acceptor correlations that contribute to the molecule's overall stability. The UV–Vis and HOMO-LUMO calculations were performed in the gas phase. Optical conductivity studies have been performed. The broad spectral curve in the photoluminescence spectrum reflects the optical effects and showed a significant intense peak at 281.22 nm and a moderately intense peak at 395.9 nm. First order hyperpolarizability studies reveals that nonlinear optical efficiency is 1.06 times better than urea and 58.19 times than KDP. Furthermore, Third Harmonic Generation (THG) studies using the Z-scan technique were also conducted to investigate the nonlinear properties.

Sustainable building solutions: A comprehensive study on PCPET waste-induced bricks

An exponential increase in plastic production and a substantial rise in plastic waste have forced scholars to seek a sustainable and groundbreaking solution that recycles/reuses plastic waste to minimize its adverse environmental impacts upon disposal. Having been used by various sectors, production of construction material from plastic waste has received more interest. Numerous studies have proven that shredded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles constitute a valuable construction material where plastic waste management/recycling procedures are not effective. The goal of this study lies in factors such as strengthening construction material, reducing carbon emissions in atmosphere and minimizing overall costs. Manufacturing plastic M-sand bricks, and integrating post-consumer PET (PCPET) from single-use plastic water bottles into M-Sand is the main focus of our research. This work used two types of PCPET wastes (washed and unwashed) with different mix proportions of plastic and M-sand, such as 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 for brick production. The bricks manufactured are tested for durability through compression, water absorption, efflorescence, and dimensional stability, and subsequently, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological assessment. By the conducted experiential results, it is evident that the design mixes M3 and M8 guarantee appreciable strength that is 2–1.5 times of other mix designs. The M3 design mix with one part washed PCPET and two parts M-sand has exhibited superior performance, with a compressive strength of 40.29 N/mm², minimal water absorption, and observed homogeneity in SEM. In addition, post-demolition sustainability is addressed by integrating recycled brick aggregate with M-sand, showing optimal results for design mix M8, including a compressive strength of 40.54 N/mm², favorable water absorption, and positive SEM findings. EDX confirmed zero carbon elements in the produced bricks. These findings prove the strength of our research on the sustainable recycling of waste thermoplastics within the circular economy, presenting a promising solution to environmental and economic challenges.

Cytotoxic activity of silver nanoparticles prepared by eco-friendly synthesis using Lythrum salicaria extract on breast cancer cells.

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have widely been investigated due to their several applications in therapeutic activities. The current investigation highlights the cytotoxic effects of the eco-friendly phytosynthesis route for silver nanoparticles using Lythrum salicaria (L. salicaria) extract (AgNPs-LS). The change in color from colorless to brown confirmed the reduction of silver ions to AgNPs. x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated high crystallinity. The surface morphology of AgNPs-LS was spherical, and their average sizes were 50nm. energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed that silver was the predominant component, indicating the involvement of L. salicaria plant extract in the green synthesis process. In vitro dimethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed significant cytotoxicity of AgNPs-LS against MCF7 cells, with an IC50 of 113µg mL- 1. In contrast, AgNPs-LS showed minimal cytotoxicity to HEK293 cells (IC50: 254µg mL- 1), demonstrating a higher sensitivity of cancer cells to AgNPs-LS. Moreover, AgNPs-LS resulted in MCF7 cells producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and undergoing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, serving as barriers to the proliferation of cancer cells. Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assays and fluorescence microscopy confirmed the induction of apoptosis in MCF7 cells by AgNPs-LS. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9) and downregulated an anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl2) in michigan cancer foundation7 (MCF7) cells treated with AgNPs-LS. These results indicate that AgNPs-LS induced apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway (mitochondrial-mediated mechanism) and involved p53-dependent regulation. The current study results implied that AgNPs-LS fabricated by a bio-green approach could be helpful to the future of nanomedicine.

Fabrication of BiVO4/Ag2CrO4 heterojunction composites modified with graphene oxide for enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance.

A novel GO/BiVO4/Ag2CrO4 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by depositing Ag2CrO4 on the highly active (040) facet of BiVO4, followed by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) through an in situ precipitation method. This synergistic modification of BiVO4 by Ag2CrO4 and GO results in excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation efficiency of 94.6% coupled with a maximum rate constant of 0.223 min-1, which is 2.40, 2.19 and 0.66 times higher than that of BiVO4, Ag2CrO4, and BiVO4/Ag2CrO4, respectively, for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin was evaluated using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Under investigated conditions, the GO/BiVO4/Ag2CrO4 photocatalyst achieved a TOC reduction of 63.4%. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the beneficial role of GO in facilitating electron transport for photo-charge carrier migration, leading to strong interfacial coupling between BiVO4 and Ag2CrO4, which in turn promotes efficient charge separation and transfer. The physicochemical properties of the fabricated heterojunction photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy, while the photoelectrochemical properties of the fabricated photocatalyst were investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott-Schottky plots, and photocurrent response analysis. The scavenging experiment was conducted to confirm the role of H+ and ·O2 - in the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin, which aids in proposing probable degradation mechanism for ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation. Hence, this study offers an effective strategy for fabricating heterojunction photocatalysts aimed at enhancing the photodegradation of pollutants in wastewater.

Optimization of sandstone processing waste, electric arc furnace slag, and fly ash-based ternary blended eco-friendly geopolymers.

Over the years, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has been used to meet growing demands of land and housing facilities arising out of population overburdens. It is well documented that OPCs, besides their outstanding qualities as building materials, are also significant contributors to global greenhouse gases (GHG). Consequently, recent years have noticed an emerging interest in the search for alternatives to Portland cement-based binders. Geopolymers are well-suited to serve this purpose owing to their superior attributes and low CO2 emissions compared to conventional cement. Still, the industrialization of geopolymers has not reached a meaningful value due to the prevailing fundamental barriers involving the requirement of corrosive environments and intensive heat-curing regimes in post-fabrication processes. The current study investigates the viability of using synergistic mixtures based on stone residues, pulverized ash, and steel slags in fabricating geopolymer composites cured at ambient temperature with reduced ingestion of alkalis. A comprehensive assessment of the engineering, mineralogical, and microstructural characteristics was performed in terms of setting times, physico-mechanical, durability, non-destructive, and analytical tests. Further, a scaled-down approach was utilized to evaluate the feasibility of the designed composites as construction entities. The incorporation of SW (10-40%) prolonged the setting periods (~ 150min.) and abridged the engineering properties of the ternary pastes collectively by 127% due to silica coalescences. Besides, replacements of stone residues with FA (20-30%) and EAF (30-60%) improved the blend performance due to Ca and Al assimilations. All the developed composites satisfied the acclamations for OPC grade 33, CEM V class 32.5N, and OPC Type - I suggested by IS, EN, and ASTM standards, respectively, with matrices constituting CASH-CSH-NASH-(N,C)-A-S-H type gelation complexes identified by the X-ray, infrared, and electron imaging spectroscopic analysis. In addition, a cumulative deficit of about 60-90% was observed in energy and carbon footprints relative to OPCs, indicative of the binders' sustainability traits.

HDPE/hydroxyapatite/zeolite composite – characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity

The HDPE/HA/zeolite (65/30/5) composite was obtained by injection molding. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthetized using microwave technique. FT-IR showed the presence of hydroxyl and phosphate functional groups. The structure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) revealed the presence of O, Ca, P, C, Na, Cl, and Mg. The composite showed improved tensile strength, compressive strength and hardness compared to pure HDPE. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were conducted using L929 cells line. The tests showed 94% viability and 6% toxicity of cells.

In-situ X-ray analysis of cold alkali dissolution of cellulose pulps of various origin

AbstractThis article elucidates the dissolution of cellulose from different raw materials in NaOH aqueous solution via the combination of synchrotron-radiation-based SAXS/WAXS characterization. The X-ray measurements probed the mesostructure of the cellulose samples during the freeze-thawing cycle allowing tracking the initial swelling of the structure, the kinetics of disintegration of the cellulose crystallites as well as controlling the final state of the cellulose solution, i.e. presence or absence of cellulose aggregates. The individual SAXS and WAXS measurements were fitted and modelled to enable visualisation and tracking of the changes in the structure in relation to temperature during cooling and warming phases. To further increase the understanding of the parameters affecting dissolution different cellulose samples and solution compositions were considered. For this purpose the effect of increasing the concentration of NaOH and adding Zn2+ has been carefully investigated as well as the importance of the cellulose origin. We found consistent development that the dissolution occurs faster at higher concentrations of NaOH and with Zn2+ regardless the origin. Nevertheless, SAXS data show that materials with a larger amount of cellulose I show more apparent swelling in mesoscopic structure than bleached agricultural containing cellulose II. Despite few crystalline residues after the complete cooling-heating cycle shown by WAXS, some cellulose was not completely dissolved as some network structure remained in the samples under the test condition as suggested by SAXS.

Operando Li-ion distribution measurement of all-solid-state batteries by Compton-scattered x rays

We report operando measurements of the Li-ion distribution in the anode and cathode of a coin-type all-solid-state battery in the charged and discharged states via Compton scattering using high-energy synchrotron radiation x-ray analysis. From the line shape pattern analysis of the Compton scattering x-ray spectrum, we accurately observed the Li-ion distribution within the cathode and anode during the charging/discharging of a real coin-shaped battery in an SUS casing. This study discusses the difference in Li-ion distribution between the cathode and anode and compares the Li-ion distribution of the battery after 20 charge–discharge cycles with those of a fresh battery.

Goondolinones A and B: Terpenyl-quinolin-4(1H)-ones from an Australian Volcanic Crater Soil-Derived Actinomadura sp., with Selective Activity against Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm).

A chemical investigation of the Australian pasture soil-derived Actinomadura sp. S4S-00245B09, supported by chemical, bioactivity and cultivation profiling, yielded a new class of terpenyl-quinolin-4(1H)-ones, goondolinones A and B (1 and 2), featuring an unprecedented fused seven-membered ether. Structures were assigned to 1 and 2 on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including X-ray analysis of 1, and biosynthetic considerations. Goondolinone A (1) lacks antibacterial or antifungal properties, is noncytotoxic to two human carcinoma cell lines, but exhibits selective inhibition of the motility of heartworm Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria (EC50 5.1 μM) and L4 larvae (EC50 21.4 μM). As a new anthelmintic scaffold, future understanding of the structure activity relationship and mechanism of action of 1 could inform the discovery of new treatments for heartworm and other filarial diseases, capable of safeguarding the health and welfare of companion animals.

Organic-inorganic hybrids: A comprehensive review on synthesis and their potential applications

Organic-inorganic hybrids highlight the advantages of the presence of organic compounds, due to their stability, flexibility, and adaptability, as well as the structural features of inorganic materials. This review delves into the interaction between conducting polymers (CPs) and metal oxides (MOs), showcasing their combined advantages in various sectors such as sensors, capacitors, catalysts, and fuel cells. This paper explores the synthesis methods of prominent CPs including Polypyrrole (PPy), Polyaniline (PANI), Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and Polyindole (PIn), along with a spectrum of MOs like zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), manganese dioxide (MnO2), iron oxides (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4), and nickel oxide (NiO). Diverse preparation techniques such as chemical oxidative, emulsion, and interfacial polymerization for CPs have been reported. Hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and sol-gel methods have been studied to synthesize MOs. Advanced characterization techniques such as Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) have been reported to study the structural and morphological aspects of CP-MO hybrids. These hybrids exhibit potential applications in sensors, biosensors, antimicrobial activity, energy storage devices, and photocatalysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview, which aims to explore the prospects and innovations in the area of organic-inorganic hybrids.

Dual vitamin detection Reinvented: High-sensitivity electrochemical sensing of B9 and C with advanced oligomer electrodes

Many opportunities are opened up by the synthesis of chemical polymerization and oligomerization, from basic materials research to beneficial applications in catalysis, energy, sensing, and medicine. Electrochemical sensing of vitamin B9 (folic acid) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) facilitates precise quantification in diverse samples, crucial for nutritional assessment and health monitoring. Therefore, this study investigates the electrochemical sensing capabilities of newly synthesized oligo 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (oligo AMTa) using hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) (HAuCl4) as an oxidizing agent at room temperature for simultaneous and sensitive determination of vitamin B9 and C, employing a simple electrode fabrication process. The prepared oligo AMTa was thoroughly characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to confirm its oligomerization structure and properties. After that, the GC electrode was directly linked to the oligo AMTa by potentiodynamic method. SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to confirm the fabrication of oligo AMTa. It observed that oligo AMTa exhibits higher catalytic activity than the unmodified GC electrode when exposed to the oxidation of vitamins B9 and C. As an outcome, the film was employed to determine the sensitivity level of both vitamin B9 and C, and the LOD of 5.8 × 10−11 M and 2.3 × 10−11 M respectively (S/N=3). was found. The straight-forward method’s practical utility was proven by measuring vitamin B9 and C human plasma samples.

Synthesis of white light emanating mixed lanthanide complexes with organic ligand for laser and optoelectronic applications

A series of mixing of complexes [EuxTb1-x.L3] was synthesized using the solvent-assisted grinding method. The chemical composition of complexes is determined by elemental analysis. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) was applied to ascertain the purity of complexes. The morphology and nature of the synthesized complex were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The photoluminescent excitation (PL) and photoluminescent emission (PLE) spectra were examined as a function of the concentration of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions to predict the tuning of color in both state solution and solid. Thermogravimetric data analysis reveals that these complexes have good thermal stability, supporting their application in producing organic light-emitting diodes. The radiative rate (Arad), quantum efficiency (φ), and JO intensity parameters (Ωλ) were calculated. Studying these complexes' Urbach energy, optical band gap, and refractive index suggests their potential application in semiconductor and solar cell devices. The Commission International de I'Eclairage 1931 (CIE) coordinates (x,y) can be obtained from the emission spectra of complexes, indicating that color can be adjusted to nearly white light (x = 0.3201,y = 0.3319) by changing the Tb3+ and Eu3+ ion concentrations.

Facile green synthesis of ZnO/ZrO2 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation and chromium (VI) reduction

In the field of nanoscience, using plant materials to create nanoparticles (NPs) is becoming growing in popularity and offers a number of benefits over physicochemical techniques. The green combustion approach effectively synthesized ZnO/ZrO2 nanocomposite (NCs) using powdered Butea monosperma (BM) leaf as the green fuel. The nature of NCs was confirmed through (X-ray Diffraction) XRD revealed that presence of hexagonal ZnO and cubic of ZrO2 phase. The morphology of NCs as seen by (Scanning Electron Microscopy) SEM and (Transmission Electron Microscopy) TEM reveals a fair distribution and non-uniform spherical shape. (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis) EDAX pattern indicates the presence of zinc, zirconium and oxygen components. (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) FT-IR spectrum obtained the metal–oxygen bonding in NCs. By applying the Tauc relation to calculate the optical energy band gap value of the sample is3.34 eV. UV light is used to conduct theinvestigation ofphotocatalyticdegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The NCs have superior degradation efficiency up to 99 % dye degradation is performed in 150 min. Furthermore, NCs exhibit a hazardous chromium (VI) decrease of up to 62 %. The collected results demonstrated that ZnO/ZrO2 NCs are the best photocatalyst for MB degradation and chromium reduction.

In-situ formation of boehmite and ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide for facile synthesis of γ-Al2O3 as industrial catalyst support used for hydrodesulfurization

Alumina-supported CoMo catalysts have been widely used for hydrodesulfurization of various kinds of feeds. In the current research, γ-Al2O3 was synthesized through the simultaneous formation of boehmite and ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) precursors under controlled pH and temperature conditions. After optimization of the textural properties, γ-Al2O3 was utilized as catalyst support for the immobilization of catalytically active species and obtaining CoMo/γ-Al2O3-n (concentration of Al(NO3)3.9H2O solutions (n) = 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 g/L) catalysts via wet impregnation technique. Moreover, this preparation method was applied for the successful large-scale synthesis of CoMo/γ-Al2O3-n. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, inductively-coupled plasma (ICP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The conversion of thiophene over CoMo/γ-Al2O3 was studied to assess the catalytic performance. The catalytic activity and stability of our reported catalyst were comparable with that of KATALCOJM 41-6 T commercial catalyst. Highlights Mixture of boehmite and AACH precursors was synthesized by co-precipitation method The precursors were thermally decomposed to extruded γ-Al2O3 as catalyst support The properties of γ-Al2O3 were tuned by various concentrations of Al solution CoMo/γ-Al2O3 was prepared by the impregnation of γ-Al2O3 in the Co and Mo solutions CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was sulfided and used for hydrodesulfurization of thiophene

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of SiO2 Nanoparticles Using Extract of Gracilaria Crassa Via Green Chemistry Approach.

Biologically synthesized nanoparticles via biological entities are produced with less negative impact on the environment and without expensive chemicals, which have biocompatibility and are eco-friendly. Gracilaria crassa is a well-known marine red alga that is edible and unique and is the commercial source of agar and agarose production. In this work, Gracilaria crassa-mediated SiO2 NPs were synthesized by the green synthesis method. In order to characterize the physicochemical properties of the synthesized SiO2 NPs, a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic approaches were used, including imaging with Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, UV spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential, and Thermo gravimetric analysis. These results shown that Gracilaria crassa-mediated SiO2 NPs were amorphous nature, negatively charged -15.5 mV and spherical shape in size of 20-50 nm. The antioxidant capacity of synthesised SiO2 NPs was examined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and it observed as IC50 value of 49.4 μg/mL denotes that could counteract the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The characteristics of the synthesized Gracilara crassa-mediated SiO2 NPs suggest their application as potential antioxidant agents.

A novel method for biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using banana blossom and E-waste: characterization and application in malachite green dye removal through response surface methodology optimization

Textile dyes pose a significant threat to water resources, adversely affecting living organisms. Treating such contaminated water demands sophisticated technology, often expensive and requiring meticulous care. The use of copper oxide nanoparticles as a photocatalyst for degrading textile dyes is a promising solution. However, conventional chemical synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles can be lengthy and environmentally unfriendly. To address this, a green technology approach was adopted in this research. A novel process was developed by extracting copper sulfate solution from E-waste, utilizing it as a precursor. Simultaneously, banana blossom extract (Musa paradisiaca) acted as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles, serving as a biocatalyst for malachite green dye removal. Optical characterization using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer revealed a peak around ~250 nm, indicating the presence of copper oxide. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified chemical groups within the sample, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy confirmed its crystalline nature. The morphology of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The potential application of CuO-NP in malachite green dye removal was successfully demonstrated, achieving a dye removal efficiency of 92% under optimal conditions. A quantitative analysis of dye removal was conducted and optimized using response surface methodology and analysis of variance, which indicated significant interactions among the variables. This eco-friendly and cost-effective approach showcases the feasibility of green technology in addressing environmental challenges associated with textile dye contamination.

TiO2/NiFe2-xCexO4/rGO ternary magnetic nanocomposite as separable and recyclable photocatalyst

This study investigates the synthesis and application of a TiO2/NiFe2-xCexO4/rGO ternary magnetic nanocomposite as an efficient and recyclable photocatalyst. The nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), magnetic measurements, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of the inverse spinel cubic structure, with significant vibrational bands related to metal–oxygen complexes. XRD patterns showed successful incorporation of Ce3+ ions into the NiFe2O4 lattice, with shifts in diffraction peaks indicating changes in crystallite size and lattice parameters. FE-SEM images revealed a well-dispersed distribution of TiO2 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surface, enhancing the nanocomposite’s structural integrity. Energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis demonstrated the presence of Ti, Ni, Fe, Ce, O, and C elements in the ternary nanocomposite without impurities, confirming the high purity of the material. Magnetic measurements indicated increased magnetization due to Ce3+ doping. DRS revealed optical band gaps (Bg), and XPS provided detailed insights into the surface chemical composition and valence states. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Ni2+, Fe3+, Ti4+, and Ce3+ ions, and verified the reduction of graphene oxide to rGO. Importantly, the XPS data also indicated a reduction in the binding energy of oxygen species, which suggests effective electron trapping. The photocatalytic performance was assessed by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV and Vis light. The TiO2/NiFe2-xCexO4/rGO nanocomposite demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity with high degradation rates. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency is attributed to efficient electron trapping, which reduces electron-hole recombination. Furthermore, the nanocomposite showed excellent reusability, maintaining high photocatalytic efficiency over multiple cycles of use, which underscores its potential for practical applications in environmental remediation.