Wrinkle Recovery Research Articles

Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Waterproof Breathable Fabric Produced by a Coating Process

The purpose of this research was to evaluate mechanical properties of a waterproof breathable fabric. A spacer knit with a cotton inner face and a polyester (PET) outer face was coated in order to obtain a waterproof breathable fabric. The applied coat was a mixture of an acrylic paste and a fluorocarbon resin. The treated fabric has undergone several tests to evaluate its mechanical properties. Tensile strength, flexural strength, abrasion resistance, and wrinkle recovery behavior were measured and discussed. After the coating treatment, the fabric was rigidified by 25% and 19% in wale and course directions, respectively. The coated PET face of the spacer fabric was not altered even after 125,000 abrasion cycles. A stiffer fabric was obtained after the coating treatment. However, fabric recovery behavior was ameliorated by 78% and 72% according to wale and course directions, respectively. The coated fabric can be used to produce raincoats and jackets.

Harnessing of non-fibrous textile for production of high performance easy-care cotton fabrics

Purpose This study aims to explore the incorporation of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) in cross-linking formulation of cotton fabrics to see their impact on fabric performance like tensile strength, dry wrinkle recovery angles, elongation at break, degree of whiteness and increase in weight as well as durability. Design/methodology/approach SNPs of size around 80-100 nm were successfully prepared from native maize starch by Nano precipitation technique and confirmed instrumentally by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmittance electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and particle size analyzer. The latter were incorporated in cross-linking formulation of cotton fabrics encompassing different concentrations of citric acid and sodium hypophosphite at different curing time and temperature in 100 ml distilled water to a wet pickup of ca. 85 per cent. The fabric samples were dried for 3 min at 85°C and cured at specified temperatures for a specified time intervals in thermo fixing oven according to pad-dry-cure method. Findings FTIR spectra and SEM micrograph signified the chemical structure and surface morphology of cotton fabric before and after finishing in absence and presence of SNPs. Cotton fabric samples finished in presence of SNPs showed a higher tensile strength, elongation at break, comparable dry wrinkle recovery angles and degree of whiteness than that finished in their absence. On the other hand, the enhancement in the aforementioned performance reflects the positive impact of incorporation of SNPs in textile finishing especially with strength properties; which are one of the important requirements for industrial fabrics that can be used widely in heavy-duty applications. Research limitations/implications SNPs with its booming effect with respect to biodegradability, reactivity and higher surface area can be used as a novel reinforcement permanent finish for cotton fabrics instead of more hazardous materials likes poly acrylate and monomeric compounds. Practical implications As SNPs biopolymers is one of the important reinforcement agents, so it was expected that it would minimize the great loss in strength properties during easy-care cotton finishing and improve the fabric performance. Originality/value The novelty addressed here is undertaken with a view to remediate some of the serious defects of easy-care cotton fabrics using poly carboxylic acids; especially with the great loss in strength properties by virtue of using SNPs as a permanent finish. Besides, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no published work so far concerning the use of SNPs as an innovative base for production of easy-care finished cotton textiles with high performance.

An eco-friendly way to whiten yellowish anti-wrinkle cotton fabrics using TBCC-activated peroxide low-temperature post-bleaching

Anti-wrinkle finished fabrics have the problem of yellowing, especially the citric acid-treated fabrics. Post-bleaching using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could endow better whiteness to yellowish fabrics, however during the process some anti-wrinkle properties are lost. The crosslinking bonds of anti-wrinkle fabrics would be broken under high temperature and strongly alkaline conditions of H2O2 post-bleaching. In this work, an N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]caprolactam chloride (TBCC)-activated peroxide post-bleaching method is developed, which has milder conditions and can better bleach the yellowish anti-wrinkle fabrics. The proposed method hardly breaks any crosslinking bond. Moreover, a one-time post-bleaching method for whitening anti-wrinkle fabrics is proposed, which means that fabrics would not be bleached before finishing, rather are bleached only once after the finishing. In this regard, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy are employed to provide key evidence for changes before and after the post-bleaching process. Whiteness, wrinkle recovery angles, tensile strength retention, wettability and level of durable press of cotton fabrics before and after the post-bleaching treatment are evaluated. The results reveal that one-time TBCC-activated peroxide post-bleaching can effectively whiten the yellowish fabric and maintain a good anti-wrinkle property. This study would be helpful in establishing an eco-friendly way to produce high-quality anti-wrinkle cotton fabrics.

Production of high-performance textiles via pioneering strengthening approach using starch nanoparticles

To minimize the serious defects of durable press finishing of cellulosic textiles with respect to the great loss in strength properties, new pioneering strengthening approach of cotton fabric based on our previously prepared starch nanoparticles of size around 80–100 nm was used. For this purpose, cotton fabrics were treated with different concentrations of starch nanoparticles via coating technique using pad-dry-cure method, at which the starch nanoparticles are attached to the fabrics with the use of a padder adjusted to appropriate pressure and speed, followed by drying and curing. Fabric stiffness, surface roughness, tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasion resistance, wrinkle recovery angles, add-on %, and degree of whiteness as well as durability of treated fabrics were fully explored. SEM was used for detecting the change in surface morphology of reinforced coated fabric. The results obtained reflect the following findings: (a) all fabric performance like tensile strength, stiffness, wrinkle recovery angle, abrasion resistance and add on % were improved for coated fabrics with starch nanoparticles in comparison with untreated fabric, except that of surface roughness; (b) SEM confirmed the change in surface morphology of cotton fabric after reinforcement treatment using starch nanoparticles; (c) the dry wrinkle recovery angle and tensile strength of cotton fabrics treated in presence of 30 g/l starch nanoparticles are slightly decreased after 10 washing cycles as compared with untreated fabric; and (d) starch nanoparticles introduce an advance in textile finishing with respect to the above-mention fabric performance except that of surface roughness.

Synthesis and Characterization of Freeze Dryer Chitosan Nano particles as Multi functional Eco-Friendly Finish for Fabricating Easy Care and Antibacterial Cotton Textiles

Antibacterial and easy care characteristics were imparted to cotton fabrics using multifinishing formulation comprising citric acid (CA) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as an eco-friendly finish. The latter of size around 60-100 nm were prepared through polymerization of meth acrylic acid (MAA) with chitosan using potassium permanganate as initiator and characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmittance electron microscope, Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy, particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction and thermo gravimetric analysis. Different factors affecting the degree of multifinishing treatment and their onset on fabric performance and antimicrobial activity were studied and optimized according to pad dry cure method. This was done to see the impact of chitosan nanoparticles to accomplish multifunction characteristics on cotton fabrics like reasonable strength loss, comparable wrinkle recovery angles, elongation at break, higher fabric stiffness and suitable durability in addition to antibacterial activity. It was seen from the attained results that; FTIR spectra and SEM micrograph showed the change in chemical structure and surface morphology of cotton fabric before and after finishing in absence and presence of chitosan nanoparticles. These fabrics parade antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria tested even after 10 washing cycles. Mechanism of finishing of cotton fabric using citric acid and CNPs is identified.

Preparation, Structure and Performances of Cross-Linked Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

Cross-linked regenerated cellulose fibers (CRCFs) were prepared by wet spinning firstly and then treated by high temperature curing. Cellulose dissolved in ionic liquid together with wrinkle proofing agent and cross-linking agent was employed as spinning solution. The properties and structure of CRCFs were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that CRCFs were prepared successfully and the crystal form of the fibers remained the same before and after cross-linking. The results indicate that CRCFs prepared in this study possess more excellent wrinkle recovery ability and wash durability than those treated by finishing process.

Use of DMDHEU with novel FR chemical for CO/PET blends

In present study, DMDHEU (dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea), which has been used for wrinkle-resistant finishing in textile, was used in FR finishing of CO/PET blends as a crosslinker with novel FR chemical (Fire-off). Flame retardancy performance of CO/PET fabrics treated with Fire-off and Fire-off/DMDHEU were investigated and compared. In addition, wrinkle resistant test was performed for untreated and Fire-off/DMDHEU treated fabrics to investigate the effect of the treatment on wrinkle recovery performance of fabrics. Results showed that Fire-off/DMDHEU system is a more effective nitrogen provider than Fire-off alone to enhance the flame retarding performance of the treated CO/PET fabrics through phosphorus-nitrogen synergism, therefore the presence of DMDHEU in the flame retardant finishing system increases the flame resistance of the treated CO/PET fabric. In addition, DMDHEU does not significantly change the wrinkle recovery of fabrics when used with Fire-off.

Development and performance study of a new shrink-proof and non-iron cotton blended fabric

The approaches for cotton shrink-resistant finishing can be categorized into chemical finishing and physical finishing. In this research, a new approach to prevent cotton fabric from shrinkage and wrinkling without resin finishing was studied to reach an easy care effect of “wash-and-wear” for related end products. It was achieved by adding a certain proportion of fine denier polyester and memory polyester fibers. Unlike the previous chemical finishing methods, this physical finishing method does not cause yellowing, formaldehyde content increase or strong damage of tensile strength. It can reduce the shrinkage rate and increases the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) through the shape memory formed by the memory polyester fiber in the heat setting stage. Our results were of better condition with significant improvements in WRA, anti-pilling effect, shrink-proofing and strength of the fabrics. The fabrics can be widely used in bedding textiles and shirting fabrics.

Analysis of curve parameters to characterize multidirectional fabric wrinkling by a double extraction method

Fabrics with good shape-retention properties are strongly expected to improve the aesthetic feeling, comfort and easy-care performance of clothing in daily life, and the efficient characterization of the wrinkle recovery property of fabrics is a necessary approach to facilitate the development of garments with good shape retention. Here, a double extraction method was presented to evaluate fabric wrinkling based on the wrinkling-induced residual force–displacement curves. The correlation analysis was used to determine applicable evaluation indices in order to cluster the wrinkle recovery property of fabrics based on a K-means clustering algorithm. Moreover, subjective judgements were conducted and compared with the objective K-means cluster method. The results show that there is good consistency between objective K-means clustering and subjective judgements, indicating that the indices featured from wrinkling-induced residual force–displacement curves can be used to evaluate the wrinkle recovery of fabrics. Therefore, the double extraction method is a starting point for the rapid identification of wrinkle recovery of fabrics by the mechanical performance of textiles.

Silicone Softener for Stain Repellent Stain Release and Wrinkle Resistance Fabric Finishing

In this paper a modified silicone softener was used on the finishing of stain repellent stain release and wrinkle resistance fabrics. The concentrations of silicone softener, durable press resin CTA-705 and process conditions on the properties of treated fabrics were investigated. In analyzing the results, the fabric's softness rating, smoothness and wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) increased with the increase of softener concentration. The use of softener has little effect on the fabrics soil release and oil repellency. Wrinkle recovery angle increased remarkably and softness rating decreased steadily with the increase of CTA-705 concentration. Soil release, oil repellency and softness rating of the treated fabrics increased steadily when the cured temperature was raised from 140°C to 170°C.

Production of zwitterionic cellulose by citric acid and triethanolamine hydrochloride for various end uses

ABSTRACTZwitterionic cellulose was produced by the reaction of citric acid (CA) and triethanolamine hydrochloride (HTEA) on cotton fabrics with the pad–dry–cure method. The wrinkle resistance, dye affinity to anionic dye, antimicrobial properties, and zwitterionic properties were considerably improved. The fixation of CA and HTEA in cotton was confirmed by the wrinkle recovery angle, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Elemental analysis and anionic dye sorption testing also substantiated the HTEA fixation. The X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results suggest that CA and HTEA were fixed in the amorphous region of cotton with little surface deposition. The zwitterionic properties of the treated cotton was studied with a cationic dye at various pHs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46840.

Synthesis and application of an alkaline crosslinking agent containing acrylamide as the durable press finishing agent on cotton fabric

In this study, acrylamide-containing crosslinking agents 2,4-diacrylamidebenzenesulfonic acid (AC-DABS1) and 2,5-diacrylamidebenzenesulfonic acid (AC-DABS2) were synthesized and applied to cotton fabric as durable press finishing agents under alkaline conditions. The target products were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The stability of the acrylamide group in alkaline solution was investigated by model compound para-acrylamidebenzenesulfonic acid. The efficiency of AC-DABS1 and AC-DABS2 as durable press finishing agents was examined and compared by testing the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), tearing strength retention (TSR) and washing durability under different conditions using the steaming process. The performance of fabric treated with 1,3,5-triacroylaminohexahydro-s-triazine (FAP) was also investigated and compared with those treated with acrylamide-containing crosslinking agents. The results showed that the anti-crease effects of FAP were better than those of the new synthesized agents. However, the new synthesized agents have the advantage of water solubility and low cost. The fabric treated with new synthesized agents presented satisfactory WRA and TSR, indicating that AC-DABS1 and AC-DABS2 can be utilized as effective alkaline crosslinking agents. In addition, the different performance of the FAP-treated fabric and fabric treated with the new synthesized agents was illustrated by the HPLC method.

Improvement of Anti-wrinkle Properties of Cotton Fabrics Treated with Additives of Neutral Salts

By employing 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as the finishing agent, SHP as the catalyst and neutral salts NaCl and Na2SO4 as the additives, anti-wrinkle finish of cotton fabrics was carried out here. According to the Donnan equilibrium model and the actions of neutral salts in dyeing process of cellulosic fabrics, NaCl and Na2SO4 should both promote the adsorption of BTCA anions onto the surface of fibers and diffusion into the interior of fibers. Consequently, BTCA would crosslink the interior molecular chains of cellulose, improving the anti-wrinkle properties of treated fabrics. In fact, experimental results confirmed the hypothesis that the two additives of neutral salts indeed both improved wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of the treated fabrics and the optimal molar ratio of NaCl or Na2SO4 to BTCA was 0.2:1 or 0.3:1, respectively. The neutral salts reduced the dosage of BTCA without decreasing WRA, reducing the manufacturing cost. Besides, the fabrics treated with neutral salts presented good durability. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Xray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses revealed that neutral salts could catalyze the formation of BTCA anhydride by decreasing hydrogen-bond interactions between BTCA molecules.

Economical One Step Process For Simultaneous Application Of Pigment Dyeing And Wrinckle Recovery Finishing Of Cotton Fabrics

Main objective of this study is to combining pigment dyeing with N,N’-1,3- dimethylol- 4,5- dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) durable press finishing in one step pad-dry-cure process. Dry wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), rubbing fastness and colour strength (K/S) values of specimens were measured before and after one/five/ten times washing treatments for determinating optimum process conditions of combining process. The results indicated that good durable press performance and higher dye depth could be obtained with the one step process (80 g/L DMDHEU, 3 g/L pigment dye, 60 g/L binder, 12 g/L catalyst, 10 g/L antimigration agent, cured at 150 °C for 4 min.). It exhibited good abrasion strength and good rubbing fastness values.

Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Silk Fabric Grafted with 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate Using the HRP Biocatalyzed ATRP Method.

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a “living”/controlled radical polymerization, which is also used for surface grafting of various materials including textiles. However, the commonly used metal complex catalyst, CuBr, is mildly toxic and results in unwanted color for textiles. In order to replace the transition metal catalyst of surface-initiated ATRP, the possibility of HRP biocatalyst was investigated in this work. 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) was grafted onto the surface of silk fabric using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) biocatalyzed ATRP method, which is used to improve the crease resistance of silk fabric. The structure of grafted silk fabric was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that HPMA was successfully grafted onto silk fabric. Compared with the control silk sample, the wrinkle recovery property of grafted silk fabric was greatly improved, especially the wet crease recovery property. However, the whiteness, breaking strength, and moisture regain of grafted silk fabric decreased somewhat. The present work provides a novel, biocatalyzed, environmentally friendly ATRP method to obtain functional silk fabric, which is favorable for clothing application and has potential for medical materials.

Investigation on the Physical Properties of 100% Cotton Knit Fabric by Treating with Crossslinking Agents

TApplication of crosslinking agent to impart wrinkle recovery property on cotton fabrics is very popular for textile industry. This paper represents the effect of different crosslinking agent on the physical properties and the wrinkle recovery of cotton knit fabric. Here five different types of crosslinking agent from three different chemical companies were used. The work was divided into two parts .At first; crosslinking agents were applied on cotton fabric than various related tests were done on the treated and untreated fabric. Better crease resistancy was found on the finishing agent having high formaldehyde content .The other important properties like tensile strength, dimensional stability, stiffness, abrasion resistance pilling resistance and areal density was studied here. Among them some properties were improved and some were fall down.

An Eco-Friendly Multifunctional Nano-Finishing of Cellulose/Wool Blends

A new approach for an eco-friendly multi-functionalization of cotton/wool (C/W) and viscose/wool (V/W) blended fabrics was investigated. In this study, Ag-nanoparticle (Ag-NP) and/or ZnO-nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) functional agents were incorporated into the finishing bath along with citric acid (CA) or succinic acid (SA) as ester-crosslinking or esterifying agent, and sodium hypophosphite catalyst using the padding technique. The obtained results indicated that the extent of multi-functionalization expressed as antibacterial activity, UV-blocking functionality and wrinkle recovery ability were determined by kind of nanomaterial, nature of carboxylic acid, i.e., bi- or tri-functional and type of substrate. The results also demonstrated that blended fabrics finished with Ag-NP/ZnO-NP/CA/SHP nano-finishing formulation exhibited outstanding durable multi-functional properties even after 10 washing cycles. In addition, the change in surface morphology and the existence of Ag and/or Zn onto the selected V/W fabric surfaces have been confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis respectively.

Effects of Resin Treatments on the Quality of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Reactive Dye

In this study, we analysed different resin finishing agents on cotton fabric dyed with reactive dye. Different tests were carried out on the resin treated fabric, such as the wrinkle recovery, tensile strength, dimensional stability, stiffness, abrasion resistance and colour strength (K/S) of the dyed fabrics. Melamine formaldehyde resin treated fabric gave a higher crease recovery angle, better smoothness and higher bending length because of higher crosslinking with cellulose. The colour strength decreased after applying the resin finish, and fastness properties were unaffected by the resin treatments.

Wrinkle-free finishing of cotton fabrics based on click chemistry via ultraviolet radiation

In this paper, a novel method was proposed to achieve anti-wrinkle finishing of cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were pre-treated to terminate –OH groups and reduce the amount of –OH groups by the reaction between the –OC2H5 groups of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and –OH groups of cotton fabrics. Then anti-wrinkle finishing of cotton fabric was obtained with waterborne polyurethane acrylate under ultraviolet radiation (UV) where click reaction between –SH groups and C=C bonds was taken place. The surface morphology, reaction and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics were investigated. The results show that the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of cotton fabrics reaches 205°, and the WRA can maintain 190° after 10 washing cycles, revealing that the anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics has durable effect. Furthermore, the anti-wrinkle finishing cotton fabrics maintain good mechanical properties like breaking strength.

Cotton in the new millennium: advances, economics, perceptions and problems

Cotton is the most significant natural fibre and has been a preferred choice of the textile industry and consumers since the industrial revolution began. The share of man-made fibres, both regenerated and synthetic fibres, has grown considerably in recent times but cotton production has also been on the rise and accounts for about half of the fibres used for apparel and textile goods. To cotton’s advantage, the premium attached to the presence of cotton fibre and the general positive consumer perception is well established, however, compared to commodity man-made fibres and high performance fibres, cotton has limitations in terms of its mechanical properties but can help to overcome moisture management issues that arise with performance apparel during active wear.This issue of Textile Progress aims to:Report on advances in cotton cultivation and processing as well as improvements to conventional cotton cultivation and ginning. The processing of cotton in the textile industry from fibre to finished fabric, cotton and its blends, and their applications in technical textiles are also covered.Explore the economic impact of cotton in different parts of the world including an overview of global cotton trade.Examine the environmental perception of cotton fibre and efforts in organic and genetically-modified (GM) cotton production. The topic of naturally-coloured cotton, post-consumer waste is covered and the environmental impacts of cotton cultivation and processing are discussed. Hazardous effects of cultivation, such as the extensive use of pesticides, insecticides and irrigation with fresh water, and consequences of the use of GM cotton and cotton fibres in general on the climate are summarised and the effects of cotton processing on workers are addressed. The potential hazards during cotton cultivation, processing and use are also included.Examine how the properties of cotton textiles can be enhanced, for example, by improving wrinkle recovery and reducing the flammability of cotton fibre.