Worship Of God Research Articles

Human and Divine in the Poetry of Walt Whitman

Materialism and spiritualism are major themes of Whitman’s poetry. A man can be worldly-wise and yet spiritual. For Whitman, materialism and spiritualism can co-exist perfectly. So, according to Whitman, if people are desirous of getting worldly pleasure, it does not make them less connected with God. We cannot be less spiritualistic than those who worship God and offer prayers to Him. Spiritualism is that constant search, more inner than outer, that enables us to know what we are. Whitman looks upon each and everyone as spiritual. For him, it is the body that shows the way to the soul and the soul shows the way to God. We see a gradual shift of emphasis from the material to spiritual in the poetry of Walt Whitman.

THE BELIEF IN GOD WORSHIP OF TAY PEOPLE IN VIET BAC REGION

The belief in god worship is one of the elements of the popular spiritual culture in Vietnam, bringing the specific characteristics of the region. God Worship, in addition to showing gratitude for his merits to the nation, country and village, is also a wish that the gods will shelter and protect the villagers from natural and social disasters. This is the ultimate goal of god worship. Because according to the Tay people's concept, the gods have many magical functions, can bring blessings to help and protect the villagers, but can also bring disaster when people do what is considered wrong with the gods. This article outlines the value of god worship, some conceptions of the Tay people's gods in order to preserve and promote the traditional cultural values, customs and habits of the people, because the gods are always good in the minds of Tay people. Those are the factors that create community cohesion and are also typical features in the spiritual life of the Tay people. Keywords: Belief; God; Polytheism; Ancestor; Culture; Tay People; Viet Bac region.

Our father, who art in heaven: The importance of the Lord’s Prayer in congregational song

The Lord’s Prayer is known to many, even as early as childhood those, who can and do recite it from memory. It is prayed often in the context of worship settings: regular corporate worship, as well as funerals and weddings. The “Our Father,” as the prayer is often called, is perhaps the most well-known prayer in the Christian faith, yet what many have learned to recite from memory is not consistent with what is recorded in Scripture. The intent of this article is twofold. The first section offers a brief interpretation of the prayer, using the KJV translation of the Matthew text (6:9–13) plus the traditional but added-later conclusion. The second section offers a “congregational song” analysis of the prayer, employing the model of British hymnologist Brian Wren, who asserts, “Whoever sings to God in worship, prays twice.”

Early concepts of nutrition, digestion, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and their treatment: Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome

The Egyptian concept of medicine was complex and related to a widespread religious belief that combined the worship of gods and the medical arts. The healing properties of food, and especially mother’s milk, were well‑known and endowed with divine qualities. Half‑female‑half‑cow Hathor was usually depicted with cow horns and the sun between them. Since medicine and magic were tightly linked, the omens, facts, conscious and unconscious assumptions merged with a mystical mosaic that formed a volatile but honorable system that is currently regarded as a medical art. Supernatural powers were taken into account, and the meaning of art was associated with the powers attributed to the deities. Despite their obvious social and religious‑political experience, the Egyptians had limited knowledge of the internal structure of human body, paying considerable attention to magic, mysticism and afterlife. They deeply believed that most of the diseases originated in the intestines due to their «contaminated» contents. The main problem in understanding diseases and developing their treatment in ancient Egypt was the restrictions associated with the prohibition of body’s desecration. This was based on the assumption that if the shape of the body is not preserved at the time of resurrection, the soul can be lost in void. Thus, the ancient Egyptians were especially concerned with the preservation of body, believing that desecration by animals or worms could also lead to the complete loss of remains for the soul.
 In the society of Ancient Rome, illuminated only by the flame of fire and the thirst for knowledge, the enjoyment of food and the continuation of the family were of great importance. Unsurprisingly, the ancients respected the sensations of eating. Thus, such exquisite dishes as lark tongue, black caviar, ostrich brain, Falernian wines at the time of Emperor Heliogabalus evoked a unique complex of sensations during eating. Examples of ancient Roman medical tools, including mirrors, found in the house of a surgeon from Pompeii (72 — 62 BC), prove the early tendency to visualize human insides. The qualification of the ancient masters of medical tools is confirmed by the fact that the principles used two thousand years ago have changed slightly.
 Thus, there were initial concepts of nutrition, digestion, diseases of the digestive tract, and even the rudiments of diagnosing these diseases in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome. They served as the basis for the further development of gastroenterological science.

Pemujaan Dewa-Dewa Lokal Dalam Pelaksanaan Saṃskāra Di Desa Pedawa Buleleng Bali

The worship of local gods in the implementation of Saṃskāra in the Pedawa Village community is seen in the Sesapa spoken by Balian Desa in the implementation of the ritual. Not only local gods but worship of places and temples in Pedawa Village is also carried out. This study questions the worship of local gods that was carried out during the implementation of Saṃskāra in Pedawa Village. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected by using interview and direct observation techniques. The results of this study show that the worship of local gods in the implementation of Saṃskāra in Pedawa Village can be divided into 4, namely (1) worship that is specifically shown to local gods, namely worship of gods who are believed by the Pedawa people to provide salvation as Ida Pengkan Prataksu , Ida Gede Kemulan, Rai Ida. (b) special worship for places in Pedawa Village such as Gunung Sari Pedawa, In Kamulan Bingin, Telaga Waja Pengampelan and other places in Pedawa Village (c) worship of holy places in Duurin Capah, namely worship of temples in the Tamblingan and Buyan Areas or known as Dalem Tamblingan Village Chess such as Ulun Danu Tamblingan Temple, Dalem Naga Loka, Sang Hyang Kangin, Dangin Capah taler ring Steaming. (d) worship of sacred places in Segara, namely the worship of the Labuan Aji Temple which is believed by the Duwuran Capah community to be a very important temple on the coast of the North Coast of Bali.

ARUN KOLATKAR’S SCEPTICISM IN JEJURI

Arun Kolatkar has secured a prominent place in the Indian English Poetry. Kolatkar, born in Maharashtra, is considered to be a chief bi-lingual poet. He has penned down several works in the Marathi language and has also translated many works from Marathi to English. The works of Arun Kolatkar are abundant with scepticism. He satirises religious practices. His attacks on blind faith are apparent in his works. The poems in Jejuri run between The Bus and The Railway Station. In his poems, he majorly speaks of temple of God Khandoba, one of the forms of Lord Shiva - the supreme power of the universe, pilgrimages, bus-stop, and the priests. The faith of the mass swarming up to the temple of lord Khandoba is rich in itself. Jejuri is a revered temple in the Pune district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has its religious and cultural significance as the temple is of lord Shiva, Khandoba. Jejuri presents that irrespective of any caste and community, all the people worship God Khandoba with a faith that they will be blesses by the God. On the other hand, being the modern man, the poet also expresses his disbelief in several customs and satirises the priest who is more worried about his materialistic needs.

Small Deity Worship in Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study Based on Hindu and Buddhist Religious Traditions

The People who have not only multi ethnic, multi -religious and multi -languages in Sri Lanka but also, they follow different beliefs and cultural traditions as well. Hindu and Buddhist religious and cultural traditions are very prominent in Sri Lanka. Even though India is the root cause for the prevailing Hindu and Buddhist traditions in Sri Lanka, both the traditions and its worships and beliefs have unique and independent characteristics different from India. Small deity worship comprises of unique and independent characteristics in Sri Lanka. Small Deity worship in Hindu tradition: Kazhippu ritual, temple ritual, Kumara Deiva worship, Vairava worship, Pathini Amman worship, tree worship, Naga thampiran worship and small deity worship in Buddhist tradition: Thovil, Magapirith, katharagama deio, Bahirava, Pathini Deio, Bothi tree, Maga Naga are compared and identified unique and innovative characteristics among them. In this research, historical method, comparative method and descriptive method have been used. Data gathered from field work are considered as primary sources and data gathered from literature, research articles, manuscripts, etc. considered as secondary sources. Knowing origin and background of Hindu and Buddhist religion, identifying characteristics of small deity worship in Hindu and Buddhist tradition in Sri Lanka, discovering unique and innovative characteristics of small deity worship of Hindu and Buddhist traditions and evaluating values revealed by the two traditions are objectives of the research. Research area for this study is Magoya Divisional Secretary and Eravur Pattu Divisional Secretary. The conclusion of the research is that the small deity worships of the above two traditions fulfills psychological needs of the concerned people and small deity worship beliefs and traditions of Hindu and Buddhist religions will continue for long time.

SWAMI KRUPALVANANDJI ON CELIBACY

Man is a social animal, and thus live in society with family, friends and other human beings. To live in this world, one needs to live with certain rules, principles, and good behaviour, so as to form a best system of life, “dharma” was established. India being a land of yoga for thousands of years, pratice of yoga is been carried out by thousands of sages, in which they have achieved the supreme power. By self experiences these sages (yogis) gave the world plenty of literature, like Vedas, Upanishads, Yoga Sutra etc. These scriptures came from the sages penance, deep knowledge and self experiences. So these all Indian Scriptures are very valuable, with the essence of truth. Sage Patanjali in yoga sutra, classifies yoga into eight steps and at the end of which highest aim of human life, is attained which is, of achieving divine body, and dissolving one’s self into the ultimate supreme divine energy. From the eight steps of yoga, the first two steps are very important, which are yamas and niyamas, without which no one can move a step ahead. Yamas and niyamas play a very important role in yoga seeker’s life, as well as for all human beings. There are five golden rules in eachyamas and niyamas. Five yamas are non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy and nonpossessiveness. And the five niyamas are purity, contentment, self-study, worship of god and austerity. Yamas play necessary role in social religion, as they are the principles to follow with all human beings. Celibacy is of prime importance in socialreligion, as it is avery strong code for yogi to reach ultimat goal of divine body. Yama are moral restraints and niyamas are moral observnces. So both these play a strong role for all human beings.Sanatan Dharma mentions about four parts of life, in which first is Bramcharyashram, Gruhasthashram, Vanprasthashram and Sanyastashram. At first place comes Bramcharyashram, in which comes celibate students. So this is a great arrangment, which builds up character, There is no means equal to celibacy.

Hellenismos

The article explores worship of ancient Greek gods among three contemporary Pagan groups in North America. The main focus is on how the groups use texts, both ancient and modern, in their theology and rituals. The groups’ approaches are explored through interviews, analyses of websites, and the texts referred to. How do the groups approaches differ from each other and what can we learn from their different reconstruction strategies?

Imitating the Traditional Gods

Abstract This paper examines moral virtues and cult practice in Plato’s Laws. It explores the symposium and the chorus and their potential to provide a recognisable cultural setting, in which the Magnesian citizens can test their responses to pleasurable and painful experiences and thus train their moral virtues. The challenge to this reading is to explain what additional input to moral habituation is provided by the religious aspect of these institutions. This paper draws attention to the relationship between the people and the patron gods of the respective institutions. It argues that the cult practices are designed to reflect the virtuous character of the traditional gods, who serve as the ethical role models for the worshipers. In this way, the worship of the traditional gods not only facilitates moral progress by exemplifying the objective of virtuous life, but also gives an egalitarian version of the ideal of godlikeness to its citizens.

The Waters above the Firmament: An Exemplary Case of Faith-Reason Conflict

The Waters above the Firmament: An Exemplary Case of Faith-Reason Conflict

Challenges and Strategies for Women's Social Empowerment in the Qur'an and Narrations

Identify the challenges and obstacles to women's social empowerment in relation to the creation and purpose of women's creation, from the perspective of the Holy Quran and Islamic traditions; The purpose of this article is. The main issue is the importance of women's empowerment in development programs and the implementation of these projects in the cities and villages of Islamic Iran according to Western principles and independent of Islamic principles. While it is possible to provide solutions for the social empowerment of women in accordance with the creation of a new Islamic civilization from Islamic sources. Muslim scholars differ on the obligatory ruling on women's social activity, which after examining the Qur'anic principles and narration, the need for women's social participation and the need for women's social empowerment in the Islamic society seems more correct. Research using qualitative content analysis has addressed the problems of women in the individual, family and social dimensions of women for social participation in Islamic sources. These problems, including weakness of belief and personality or lack of explanation of family rights and duties or mixing in society, have been identified in Islamic texts. The Holy Quran and Islamic traditions have stated the strategies of women's social empowerment in the form of explaining the duty and worship of God, presenting desirable female role models in social participation, determining the conditions of women's presence, highlighting priorities, and so on.

The concepts of Theological Principles in morality literatures and in the Holy Bible

In the praise of the Lord who creates the world, the scriptures of the eighteen following books of the Sangamamaruviya period, and the Holy Book of Christianity, the Holy Book of Christianity, are of the Lord. This article explains that humanity is cultivated by the praise of sovereignty, removes evils, and directs the way of good ness. In the article, the article explains the importance of appreciating the nature of God and the system of worship of God, the benefits and the virtues of the sovereignty, that the world is the creation of the Lord and that the atom will not move without him.

Nahwu Sufistik: Kajian Tasawwuf dalam Kitab Nahw Al-Qulub Karya Imam Al-Qusyairi

Nahwu Sufi is the nahwu book by Imam al-Qusyairi whose writing seems unique and interesting to be studied more deeply. Imam al-Qusyairi tries to combine two disciplines, namely nahwu and tasawuf. But in this case Imam al-Qusyairi gave a new color to the Islamic discipline. In this book, nahw al-Qulub begins with an explanation of tauhid or affirmation to God, then the exoteric meaning of the word (zahir) is explained, which then explains the meaning of the word according to the perspective of Sufi scholars, namely esoterik (inner). In the book Nahwul Qulub explains how humans get closer to the Creator, human spiritual journey, and provides an overview of the state and life in this world towards eternal life. This type of library research or library research, which takes several sources of data from various theories in the literature. The result of this research is that Imam al-Qusyairi gives an idea that the elements of Sufism can be incorporated into various kinds of other sciences and there is no conflict whatsoever between Sufism and other sciences. With the presence of Nahwu Sufi this is not to eliminate nahwu in general, but with the existence of this Sufi nahwu, it gives a new color to nahwu science so that learners can learn it more enthusiastically. In this book Nahwul Qulub teaches us about ethics in life, teaches how to clean ourselves, heart and mind and get closer to or worship God. It also teaches us to always organize our hearts, words, attitudes and actions in daily life, so that everything we do is in accordance with the guidance of religious shari'ah

Prinsip-Prinsip Hidup yang Berkenan di Hadapan Tuhan dalam Pujian Penyembahan Menurut 2 Tawarikh 5-7 dan Aplikasinya bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini

Praise and worship are the foundation of every believer’s live. In almost all aspects of the believer’s life, worship is contorted with praise. Praise of worship became the focus of ehaven and especially in Old Testament times, praise worship became the center of worship tog God. However, it is still not too focused on the life of worship and praise. Whereas in worship praise, Jesus was present and touched His people. Sometimes what happens praise worship also becomes a routine in achurch. Even the lives of believers are not in accordance with God’s Word, so God is not present in worship praise. Because it cannot be separated between the life of believer and the praise of worship. A life that is in holiness is and absolute requirement for praise and worship to be pleasing before God. The context of this discussion is focused on the praised and worship that Salomon did when consctrating the Temple, where the Lord was present. This study uses a descriptive method, which is to leanr about the Principles of Living A Good Life Before God in Praise and Worship According to 2 Chronicles 5-7 and its Application for Believers Today. The goal is that through writing, namely : First, believers understand how important praise and worship are; Second : believers understand and have an attitude of life that is pleasing before God in praising and worshiping Him; Third, God is present in the worship of every believers.

Continuity and Transformation of Rural Communal Temples in Vietnam: A Case Study of Tân Chánh Village, Long An Province

Vietnamese communal temples (đình làng) were primarily established with two functions: (1) as a state-patronised institution to organise and control the village politically and culturally and (2) as a place of worship of village deities and meritorious predecessors. Both functions interact and complement each other – in many cases, the second serves as both a “means” and “technique” to deploy the first. However, nowadays the administrative role is no longer available; instead, the spiritual aspects are on the rise as a response to the increasing interaction of Buddhism, Caodaism, and folk beliefs as well as the impact of economic development and urban migration. Village elders learn to organise the temple into a communal socio-cultural institution, whereby cross-village temples have formed a cultural nexus of “power”. This study finds that while several transformed into the form of “temple of heroes”, Tân Chánh temple has been mobilised and transformed into a civic “religious and socio-cultural centre” at the grassroots level. The socio-economic background of the area has caused such transformation. While the practical demand for communication and emotional exchanges among village members vividly ensures the continuity of the temple’s tradition, the loss of direct state control paves the way for its transformation. Both continuity and transformation govern the current religious activities of Tân Chánh temple but there is always a challenge to compromise and integrate these two directions. However, the remaining function of god worship by which rituals are performed as “cultural agents” still binds the villagers together and gives them access to crossing boundaries.

Argumen Adanya Tuhan: Wacana Historis dan Estetis

Historically, humans are creatures who need God. Due to the limitations of human reason to reach the existence of God, humans perceive God in various images and different forms. Humans have built the argument for the existence of God with a historical and aesthetic approach. History proves human recognition of the existence of God as the Absolute, who creates and maintains nature and its contents. To get closer to God, humans build places of worship of God and even create God who is worshiped in the form of works of art.

Structural processes in local societies and cultures: A dialogue between historiography and anthropology in Pearl River Delta studies

As a major area of dialogue between socio-economic history research and anthropology, land settlement, lineage development, worship of gods, the evolution of household registration system, and ethnic group issues all showed the dynamic process of the regional socio-cultural structure. The study of history was not only an account of people's agency in the social construction of territories, but also an examination of how historical narratives themselves were structured in the social construction of territories, and how this structure drove and constrained people's actions.

Peran Tokoh Agama Dalam Meningkatkan Religiusitas Warga Desa Giri, Kabupaten Gresik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia is causing many changes in all areas of life both political, religious, social, economic and cultural. The increasing number of positive cases indicates that Covid-19 is a non-natural disaster that should be watched by the whole community. In the current pandemic situation, religious leaders in Giri Village play an important role in inviting villagers to continue to try to implement health protocols and worship God. This study aims to find out and analyze the role of religious figures in Giri Village in improving the religiosity of citizens during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study uses descriptive qualitative method by observing directly at the research site and conducting interviews on several informants. This study uses the functional structure theory of Talcott Parsons which states that everyone has their own role and function in society which is a system. This study found that people can follow the direction of religious leaders who have a role in improving the worship activities of citizens. The National Covid-19 Task Force has the slogan Iman, Aman, Imun. The slogan is the background of this research, that religious figures play a role in iman points during the Covid-19 pandemic.

ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI’S STUDY OF OTHER RELIGIONS: A CASE ON HINDUISM

Studying other religions is a legacy left by medieval Muslim scholars. As a Muslim scholar, al-Biruni’s Kitab al-Hind was a unique contribution to the study of Hinduism. This study explores al-Biruni’s approaches to studying Hinduism, culture, and civilisation by reviewing related manuscripts and literature. Al-Biruni studied the Hindu scripture in its original language. He investigated Hindu theology and philosophy, their caste system in the society, law and ethics, rituals, and festivals. In Kitab al-Hind, an entire chapter was dedicated to Hindu scriptures which included Veda and Puranas. Concerning religious beliefs and divinity, there were various perceptions between the educated and uneducated people. Murti puja was a form of worship to express love and devotion towards God. However, the educated classes considered that idols were no more than intermediaries, and the idol-worshippers were being deluded from the actual worship of God. The Hindu caste system was established upon religious foundations where every caste used to have their mode of living and daily routine. Furthermore, Hindu rules, guidelines, and religious laws were developed by divine sages called Rishis, who provided laws of murder and theft, punishment of adultery, treatment for prisoners, and inheritance law. Al-Biruni took an objective, in-depth, scientific and authentic approach in presenting Hinduism, which made his work accepted by both Muslim and nonMuslim religious scholars. It is hoped that this paper would offer new perspectives to Muslim scholars on studying other religions, which may consequently enhance religious harmony in a multireligious society.
 
 Keywords: Al-Biruni, Hinduism, religion, comparative religion, Muslim scholar.
 Cite as: Al Masud, A., & Abdullah, M. F. (2021). Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni’s study of other religions: A case on Hinduism. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 116-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp116-132