World's Largest Industry Research Articles

“An Un(Even) Playing Field? A Political Ecology of Tourism Impacts in Upper Mustang, Nepal”

ABSTRACT Before the onset of the COVID-19, tourism was one of the world's largest industries; as the pandemic wanes, recovery in the tourism industry is anticipated. While scholarly research on sustainable tourism has expanded, local perceptions of tourism impacts are comparatively understudied. Additionally, the role of power relations in tourism dynamics have been poorly theorized. As a geo-politically sensitive border region, only opened to foreign visitors in 1992, Upper Mustang, Nepal, is an ideal region to explore the dynamics. Using a political ecology approach, this paper examines core facets of tourism impacts and benefits, while incorporating history-driven power relationships. Results from 116 interviews in 24 villages show that perceived impacts of tourism were primarily dictated by geographical location, specifically communities’ centrality to trekking routes and level of interactions. This uneven distribution of tourism benefits can be attributed to power relationships emerging from historically established social structures that predate tourism itself.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE POST-WAR GROWTH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TOURISM IN THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE

In the presented scientific article, on the basis of the complex of studies carried out, the author analyzed the current state and prospects of the post-war growth of international business tourism in the concept of sustainable development of the tourist industry of Ukraine, as one of the leading tools for stimulating the recovery of the state's economy. The conducted author's research made it possible to determine that international tourism in general and its elements in particular, such as business tourism, are an extremely important aspect of the tourism industry of our country in terms of effective management of economic processes and require a corresponding update of approaches to their implementation, provision, development and quality review in relation to their implementation in life precisely in the concept of sustainable development. A study of the international tourism statistics of our country and a comparative analysis of the volumes of outbound and inbound tourism expenditures were carried out, the factors of negative impact on their level were systematized and analyzed. An improved author's understanding of the directions and prospects of the post-war growth of international business tourism in the concept of sustainable development of the tourism industry is provided. Also, the main features and principles of "sustainable tourism" are briefly explored, and the author's vision of this direction in a perspective context is proposed. Tourism has been proven to be one of the world's largest industries and categories of international trade, defined by an impressive network of socio-economic activities and the infrastructure necessary to support it. Based on this, it is shown and proven from the author's point of view that the implementation of international business in the concept of sustainable development in the post-war period will make it possible to: master the latest organizational and economic values and adapt to them; implement the concept of sustainable development in the international business tourism industry based on the definition of the features of its creation, distribution, accumulation and consumption of results; to form a new model of implementation and consumption, taking into account factors of a socio-ethnic nature.

EVENT TOURISM IN GERMANY: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

The article describes and analyzes the event tourism in Germany, in particular its component and geographical structure. It is also possibilities of using German experience for Ukraine are highlighted.
 Germany, which suffered a total economy destruction after the Second World War, rebuilt one of the world's largest industries of tourism. This experience is extremely important and relevant for modern Ukraine, which is confidently heading towards EU membership.
 The analysis of researched topic latest publications was carried out and it were established insufficient coverage of this issue in domestic scientific literature. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the experience of organizing event tourism in Germany.
 The main tasks of the article are formulated as follows: to characterize the current state of event tourism in Germany; to study the factors influencing the state and development of event tourism in Germany; to find out the problems and outline the prospects for the development of German’s event tourism; to describe the possibility of using the conducted research in tourism industry practice and science.
 Note that in the article understand event tourism as a trip with the purpose of participating in or observing a certain event (carnival, festival, holiday, ceremony, sports competition or natural phenomenon, etc.), which requires the availability of appropriate tourist resources and special training.
 Event tourism plays an important role in the development of the country's economy and the creation of new job places. The current research is based on international statistics, in particular UNWTO statistics. Thus, it was established that Germany is one of the leaders among European countries in tourism industry development, including event tourism.
 The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the event tourism development dynamics. Nowadays, there are a number of restrictions, but the industry is rapidly recovering.
 External and internal factors that positively and negatively affect the development of event tourism in Germany have been studied.
 The German’s event tourism SWOT-analysis were carried out to determine development prospects, based on advantages and disadvantages
 A PEST-analysis was used for a detailed parsing of the external factors influence. The degree of these factors impact was determined by the method of expert evaluation on a 5-point scale. In particular, it was established factors that have the greatest impact on the event tourism development. They are:
 - political: restriction of movement across borders, introduction of visa regime and consequences of COVID-19;
 - economic: low level of income of the population due to the pandemic;
 - social: low educational level, culture and level of employment;
 - technological: introduction of a remote form of service provision.
 Thus, event tourism has not only cultural, but also socio-economic significance for the development of tourism in Germany. The most popular are music, gastronomic and film festivals, as well as sports events. The country's government actively supports the development of this tourism type, as it leads to an increase in revenues to local budgets and is an effective tool for forming local and global positive image.
 Summarizing the results of the study are presented in the article, confirm the importance of Germany experience for Ukraine and can be used in practice.
 Keywords: tourism, event tourism, experience, Ukraine, Germany

СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО СЕКТОРА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

In the context of tourism, the community is seen as one of many stakeholders, among which are the owners of tourism products, the government and tourism marketers. Understanding the perception and attitude of a particular community and how this perception is formed in relation to tourism development is important for decision makers. The knowledge and participation of the community in tourism issues often determine the success of the latter's development. A key element of effective tourism planning is the involvement of the local community and attention to its ideas, needs and aspirations. The modern world, characterized by network agencies, global flows and movement of people within countries and abroad, actualizes the tourist context in many ways. Tourism is one of the main sectors of international trade and wealth creators for many developing countries. This sector means new jobs, gender equality, protection and promotion of natural and cultural heritage. The tourism industry is the world's largest industry, promising huge economic benefits to many countries.

Agriculture Crop Yield Analysis and Prediction using Feature Selection based Machine Learning Techniques

Agriculture is being the world's largest industry; it plays a major role in maintaining the economic stability of developing countries. Because of the responsibilities that this sector bears, it is critical to find the precision of production in making profitable decisions in agricultural sector. Machine learning is the most effective tool for making decisions. Machine learning techniques with correct optimizations have been utilized in conjunction with the use of multiple algorithms and create an accurate model for predicting production and also in guiding to improve crop cultivation for enhanced output. The elements like cost of cultivation, cost of production, and yield are utilized to predict the crop yield during the analysis. In this study, the necessary data was acquired, and the methodologies and features employed in agricultural yield analysis were studied. During the literature survey more than 50 articles were referred for analysis. Relevant topics were collected from electronic databases and found useful machine learning approaches with which desired model was developed. Along with Random Forest, Decision Trees, and Support Vector Machine, Gaussian Nave Bayes, and Ada Boost machine learning techniques, Carl Pearson Correlation, Mutual Information, and Chi Square Feature Selection techniques were applied. The accuracy percentage for different algorithms was calculated crop yield prediction with and without feature selection approaches. We also used time complexities to figure out which method is the most efficient and accurate.

Research on the Development Strategy of China's Marine Sports Tourism from the Perspective of Experience Economy

Zhang, R., 2020. Research on the development strategy of china's marine sports tourism from the perspective of experience economy. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 75-77. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In the golden age of China's tourism development when leisure tourism has become the world's largest industry, the organic combination of sports tourism and marine culture has realized the integrated development of marine industry and sports industry. Experience economy, as a new economic model, can realize effective economic effect promotion when applied to specific economic operations. Compared with the general economic form, people's pursuit of experiential economy is continuously expanding. They are eager to experience the whole process of field frequency consumption, rather than simply enjoying high-quality goods and services. In the era of experience economy, Ocean Sports Tourism provides tourists with a sense of freshness and satisfaction with its participation, experience and interaction. Marine sports tourism has the ecological characteristics of relying on resources, and the participation process has the characteristics of interaction, challenge and stimulation. Under the background of the rapid transformation of science and technology into productivity, people have more and more disposable income and time, which brings unprecedented opportunities for the development of marine sports tourism.

The Role of Human Resource Policy Implementation in Determent the Organizational Comittment in the Manufacturing Industry of Indonesia

The prime objective of the current study is to examine the role of human resource policy implementation in determent the Organizational Commitments in the manufacturing industry of Indonesia. The EC and gender are examined as mediator and moderator, respectively. The manufacturing industry of Indonesia, which is among the world largest industry, is taken as a sample. There are a number of factors that contribute to the relationship of organization and commitment of employees. The HR policies that are attractive and supportive will play an important role to fulfil commitment with organization. for this reason, the objective of the current study is to examine the impact of Job Characteristics, Work life policies and Career opportunity as the predictor of Organizational Outcome with the mediating role of Employee commitment. The study has employed SEM-PLS to achieve the research objectives of the current study. The findings of the study have provided support to the proposed hypothesis of the study. The study is among the pioneering studies on the issues related to Human resource implementation, and the Organizational Outcome in the manufacturing industry of Indonesia. The study will be helpful for the policymakers, and researchers in understanding the issues related to Human resource implementation, and the Organizational Outcome in the manufacturing industry of Indonesia.

Applying DEA Model to Measure the Efficiency of Hospitality Sector: The Case of Vietnam

Tourism industry is one of the world's largest industries with a global economic contribution of over 7.6 trillion dollars in 2016 which provides an equal or even surpasses the business volume of oil exports, and ”Žfood and beverage.As the current climate of the globe, Vietnam's tourism in general, hospitality in particular has attracted investment from not only domestic enterprises but many international hospitality corporations which create a fierce competitive than ever.Identifying inefficient activities and providing improvement in whole process is crucial. The present research aims to study and evaluate the performance of Vietnam hospitality industry through 20 chosen companies that qualify criteria of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and Malmquist productivity index. It would be a useful tool in benchmarking the efficient firms and inefficient ones operating in the industry and help the former to improve their efficiency. The researcher uses 5 input variables (Cost of good sales; sales expense; operation expense; fixed assets and owner equity) and 2 output variables (Revenues and Profit after tax).DMU1 and DMU8 face with huge fluctuation in efficiency which acquires the management board to review and improve their operation process to ensure the sustainable development of the firm in current competitive market.

Role of Hostels in Fostering Intercultural Competence Among Host Communities

The tourism industry is one of the world's largest industries, contributing over $7.6 trillion in 2016, according to Statista (https://www.statista.com/topics/962/global-tourism/). It is also frequently highlighted as a possible agent in promoting peace, as well as improving cross-cultural understanding. In particular, tourist accommodations can allow for such opportunities. This research analyzes how hostelling, in particular, Hostelling International Santa Monica, serves as an avenue to foster intercultural competence for host communities. This study uses a combination of grounded theory and ethnographic research methods to conceptualize a process model of fostering intercultural competence. Conceptualizing the hostel as an intercultural space, this research identifies the importance of purposeful facilitation to foster engagement, self-reflection, and behavioral transformation for improved intercultural competence. This study illustrates hostels as an embassy to improving cross-cultural understanding. It recognizes the potential for hostelling to foster diverse understanding and cultivate intercultural competence. It also serves to solidify Hostelling International USA's contribution to broadening cultural exchanges, encouraging intercultural dialogue and educating for peace.

CULTURAL AND HERITAGE TOURISM: A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The relationship between culture, heritage, the environment and tourism is very important. It is the culture and heritage that separate the people of the world. We need to create stronger links between historic sites and monuments, indigenous people in the host community. Culture and heritage sums up a community’s beliefs and values—shared behaviour acquired as the result of living within a group and a defined geographic area. Cultural heritage linked with tourism could be an important sustainability tool. There should be increased tourism development, with full participation, management and ownership of indigenous people and without having negative impacts on indigenous peoples and other local communities and ecosystems of which they are a part. In the year 1987, Brundtland report outlined the concept of sustainability which involves “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Tourism is recognized as one of the world's largest industries and continues to expand at a rapid rate. Over 922 million people travelled in 2008 and it is estimated international tourism will increase to 1.1 billion by 2020. So, economic development cannot stop, but it must change course to fit within the planet’s ecological limits. Tourism is based on interaction, interaction prompts dialogue and dialogue builds mutual understanding and peace. Thus, we can look forward to nourishing the balance of universe through tourism and culture.

Inclusive tourism development

ABSTRACTIn the light of growing inequality globally, it is important to consider how to make tourism, one of the world's largest industries, more inclusive. This concern is set in the context of, first, the growing use of tourism as a tool for social integration in Europe, not least in relation to making refugees welcome, and second, new expectations in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) that development should be inclusive and that the Global North and the private sector will take more responsibility for this. We provide a definition and suggest elements of an analytical framework for inclusive tourism, and note where inclusive tourism sits in relation to other terms that engage with the social and economic development potentials of tourism. Elements of inclusive tourism are illustrated with reference to a range of examples from around the world. This illustrates how marginalized people might be ethically and beneficially included in the production and consumption of tourism. However, it also demonstrates how formidable the challenges are to achieve substantial social change through inclusive tourism given constraints both within the sector and in the wider political economy.

Exploring the Relationship between Allotment and Commitment Contracts and the Performance of Hotels and Tour Operators in Egypt

Hospitality and travel compose the world's largest industry and contribute greatly to global economic development. Tour operators and hotels are playing the most important and critical role in the tourism sector. Their social and economic performance contribute this role and show the importance of understanding the technical and financial relationship between tour operators and hotels, which help to develop and solve problems of tourism industry. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between two types of hotels/tour operators’ contracts (allotment and commitment) and performance. Survey data using self-administrated questionnaire have been collected from 300 general managers of luxury hotels and class A tour operators in Egypt. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted to achieve the research objectives. The results indicate that commitment contract gives tour operators a very high technical and operational power inside hotel, but it put high financial pressures on tour operators, and make them work on risks especially during unstable economic and political periods. The findings of the current study can be used by academics, hotel managers, and tour operator'smanagers to completely understand the nature of the impacts of the two types of contracts (allotment and commitment) on the company performance.

Entrepreneurship Culture of SMEs in India's Tourism Sector

Travel and tourism is a promising service sector of this century. Tourism is one of the major forces for economic, social, and cultural change in any region and India is no exception. Tourism is the world's largest industry and a sector emphasized by many countries to advocate economic development. It is also used as a development strategy due to its economic effects of generating foreign exchange, creating employment and stimulating local economies. Yet, what has been lacking for many years is a study that reviews and analyses the entrepreneurship culture of SMEs especially in tourism sector. Due to emergent and new forms of tourism, there is an immense entrepreneurial opportunity which is a certainly breeding entrepreneurship culture. Focusing on India, this paper aims to do that, with an in-depth examination of emergent and new forms of tourism followed by entrepreneurial aspects in tourism. Though the discussion pertains to India; the lessons drawn could be applicable for all involved in the development of entrepreneurship and tourism.

Economic impact of tourism in India

Tourism is world's largest industry without making smoke. It occupies one in nine global jobs and contributes 10 per cent to the world's Gross Domestic Product. It is a dynamically developing area of external economic activities. It affects different other sectors of the economy through its high growth and progress rates, substantial amounts of foreign currency inflows, infrastructure expansion and introduction of new management and educational experiences. Consecutively it adds positively to the social and economic development of the country as a whole. Its actual and potential economic impact is amazing. So this paper is an attempt to measure the economic impact of tourism in India. Currently a lot of measures are there to measure the impact. The important measures are Input-Output Method, Multiplier Method, Economic Impact Assessment Scale, Tourism Satellite Accounts Method, Impacts of Visitor Spending Method and Computable General Equilibrium Model. In this study the author is using the Visitor Spending Method.

Developing sustainable tourism through ecomuseology: a case study in the Rupununi region of Guyana

Sustainability is a concept that continues to evolve and perplex in tourism, one of the world's largest industries. Effective new theories and practices are constantly explored so as to incorporate sustainability into tourism frameworks. Due to their focus on participation processes, integration of resources, and responses to specific needs and contexts, ecomuseum principles can be very useful for the development of sustainable tourism. This paper examines the potential of using the principles of ecomuseology to support sustainable tourism development. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach involving local expert stakeholders at the case study site, the Rupununi region of Guyana, South America. The findings from this research suggest that the principles of ecomuseology possess considerable potential to support sustainable tourism development in the Rupununi and potentially other destinations internationally. In particular, this study illustrates how ecomuseological principles can be used to manage heritage resources and economic development by focusing on, for example, holistic interpretation and information sharing, placing equal attention on heritage resources, and monitoring changes to the region over time.

Urban destination marketing in contemporary Europe – what does “good” look like?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine urban destination marketing from a mainly practitioner standpoint, though one of its principal observations is the gap between theory and practice; while the former is premised on related notions of difference and competitive advantage, in practice the greater part of urban destination marketing eschews competitive advantage, resulting in a pervasive marketing of “sameness”. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is in three parts. The first set out the urban tourism context in respect of historical, market, supply, impact and definitional/measurement dimensions. Part two profiles the bespoke delivery mechanisms established for urban destination marketing, examining nomenclature, core purpose/mission, status, size and finances, as well as overhead and operating parameters. Findings – The final section comprises a state-of-the-art review, setting out a five variable model of purposeful urban destination marketing, concluding that “good” in urban destination marketing is atypical and currently in Europe is confined to only a handful of European cities. Originality/value – This paper is intended to give the reader a better understanding of why, in such an important field of human endeavour, success is so problematic. It hopefully gives pointers to practitioners and academics as to how best in future there can be more winners and fewer losers, so that increasing numbers of towns and cities maximise the impact locally of the world's largest industry and at the same time become “known”.

Domestic Labor Migration for Local Tourism Development: From ISAN to Samui, Southern of Thailand

Tourism is addressed as the world's largest industry with an extremely growth. Along with this likely unlimited growth, tourism created various consequences on host destination which increasing concerns on uncontrollable development. This paper focuses on Samui Island, a famous beach destination in the southern of Thailand where tourism is an economic activity that plays a vital role in socio-economic development. This study aimed to explore consequences of domestic labor migration from northeastern part of the country to serve as labor force in tourism sector in Samui. Qualitative research methods including document analysis and in-depth interview were applied to identify circumstances and significant issues of socio-cultural changes dealing with domestic labor migration on host community. Results of the study provide guideline to plan and to manage domestic labor migration for local tourism development.

The Trouble with Tourism

The hegemonic view of tourism is as a global panacea for struggling peoples, environments and economies (Smith and Brent 2001). This article begins by arguing that increasing worldwide risks from human-induced climate change fundamentally alter the veracity of this prediction claim. As one of the world's largest industries, tourism is also one of the largest emitters of carbon, primarily from air transport. Far from standing apart from our carbon-dependent economy, tourism is quite profoundly a creation of that economy and cannot be an antidote to the very stuff of which it is made. Further, to the extent that tourism functions as escape from the ills of petroleum-driven life, it detracts critical attention and investment from home places and communities. The article concludes with a proposition for an alternative futures forecast based on bioregional tourism, or locavism. Characteristics of a locavist approach include the de-growth of the high-carbon, distant travel model of tourism and replacement with a low-carbon model that emphasizes local destinations, short distances, lower-carbon transport modes, and capital investment (both financial and social) in local communities.

Dynamic Tourism Information System Using the Semantic Web

The semantic web is one of the most promising and emerging areas of computer science. Its ability to make information that is only human understandable to be understood and processed by machines increases its relevance and time efficiency. In this paper we present a semantic web application that contains a dynamic knowledge base holding hotel related information, which is updated at every run from the information provided in the hotels' websites, and a natural language querying platform where the user can enter his free form natural language queries. DL Query is used as the engine that performs the retrieval of data from the ontology. A simple user experiment shows that the system is time effective and helpful in decision making. The area of tourism is one that already uses all the available internet technologies very extensively. The area is ver y dynamic because it is one of the world's largest industries and its growth shows an increase every year. It has been predicted by the World Tourism Organization (2) that by 2020 the tourists travelling around the globe will have increased by more than 200%. Almost all of the travelers rely entirely upon the internet to search out information about their destination, airfares, hotels, areas for sightseeing or shopping etcetera. In (3) it is shown that about 95% of Web users use the Internet to gather travel related information and about 93% indicate that they visited tourism Web sites when planning for vacations. This increase in usage is what has brought about this great rise in tourism information systems present on the World Wide Web, offering structured tourism related information. However, this information is normally isolated from each other and rarely includes details. One can not predict the nature or background of the traveller or his internet search skills. Nevertheless, he has to search each requirement separately, open several web pages, compare information, and then draw his conclusions. The burden of finding data and connecting it to relevant information is placed entirely upon the user. The semantic web is a solution when it comes to reliable searching since it adds meaning to data that the web contains and becomes machine processable, enabling precise and in-depth searching. The application presented in this paper is a dynamic portal for the hotel selection parameter of tourism, based on semantic web standards. Queried information is extracted from the actual websites of the hotels and stored in the dynamic ontology, where from the information is formatted and presented to the user.

Film remakes as cross-cultural connections between North and South: A case study of the Telugu film industry's contribution to Indian filmmaking

Remakes have been a phenomenon for many years in the global film industry. The Indian cinema industry, one of the world's largest industries, has been drawn towards remakes since the beginning of the talkie era (1931) for their ability to ensure profits and high grosses. Moreover, remakes offer a great opportunity to directors and producers to produce a known film in a different way. Although attempts to classify remakes of traditional Hollywood films have been made by Druxman, Horton and McDougal, Forrest and Koos, Frow, Stern and Leitch, no attempts have been made to explain remakes in the Indian film industry, in which the cross-cultural influences on a pluralistic society such as India offer a fertile area of research to explore. The present study, which is heuristic and based on hermeneutics coupled with moving image analysis, is the first to attempt to build a theoretical construct at the intersection of cross-culturalism, industry, and inter-textuality, and posits that a cinema industry with more cultural diversity has a greater probability of producing remakes for wider audiences. For the first time in an Indian context, this study identifies the cross-cultural indices that would offer the necessary environment to produce the best and largest number of remakes in terms of the industry and inter-textuality. Emphasising the cross-cultural significance of Indian film remakes, which the previous studies on Hollywood remakes have neglected, the present article aims to study the contribution of the Telugu film industry as a cross-cultural connection between North and South India. Efforts have been made to show how the identified cross-cultural indices have enabled the Telugu film industry which has the entire infrastructure necessary to produce the largest number of remakes independently every year since 1931 in a wide variety of languages, such as Bengali, Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, English (Hollywood) and Telugu.