World Order Research Articles

The Return of Geopolitical Blocs

The world order appears to be reverting to geopolitical blocs with associated spheres of influence. Although the Cold War officially ended three decades ago, a cold peace has arisen, manifested in the return of old adversarial dynamics amid Russia’s resurgence and sharpening strategic competition between China and the United States. As a result, three tentative blocs are emerging, albeit ones that are less ideologically driven than those of the Cold War: a renewed yet diminished Western bloc; a large but leaderless Eurasian bloc; and a confluence of swing states not bound to any particular hegemon. While such divisions increase the likelihood of global conflict, the West’s relative political cohesion should enable it to continue to hold sway. Nonetheless, the West’s ability to retain a global leadership role could yet be undermined by the emergence of an increasingly illiberal America.

Business Power and the Geoeconomic Turn in the Single European Market

AbstractBuilding on the existing literature on business power that has evolved against the background of a liberal economic world order, this article develops a novel analytical framework to capture business strategies in an altered, geoeconomic context. It addresses the research question whether and how business power has been affected by the more recent turn of European policy‐makers to adopt geoeconomic measures in response to external geopoliticising pressures. The relevance of these categories for analysis is illustrated by discussing recent cases of business lobbying on the EU's geoeconomic agenda, as well as business responses to the sanctions imposed on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine. These illustrative examples show that whilst most business actors have adapted their strategies, there are also cases where business actors adhere to and defend the status quo. The article prepares the ground for further research on the understudied consequences of the geoeconomic turn for business power.

Navigating the theories in the nexus between war and peace

This research examines the relationship between war and peace within the realm of international relations, drawing from a diverse array of theories. It investigates conflict, ranging from power dynamics to ideological disputes, while also evaluating the ethical dimensions of the Just War theory. Through the application of the Just War theory to the dynamic interplay between war and peace as a theoretical framework, this study underscores the vital significance of fostering peaceful dispute resolution, upholding ethical standards in warfare, and undertaking comprehensive post-conflict reconstruction efforts. Employing a historical research design, the study gathers data from secondary sources including journals, books, and ancient encyclopedias, ensuring the credibility of its analysis. Utilizing a descriptive method of data analysis, the research employs deductive logic to maintain a coherent framework and ensure balanced interpretation. Despite disagreements among theories, the study prioritizes accuracy to draw appropriate conclusions. The findings of this study reveal the profound interconnectedness between war and peace, highlighting how conflict arises from a myriad of factors including power struggles, ideological differences, and diplomatic failures. Furthermore, the ethical evaluation of war through the Just War theory provides valuable insights into the moral complexities surrounding armed conflict and its implications for peace-building efforts. Considering these findings, several recommendations are proposed to address the persistent challenge of achieving lasting peace amidst armed conflicts. Emphasizing diplomacy as a primary approach to conflict resolution, prioritizing ethical standards in warfare, and fostering peace education to cultivate values of tolerance and non-violent conflict resolution from an early age are key strategies identified for promoting sustainable peace. By offering recommendations for proactive conflict prevention and strategies in international cooperation, this research aims to contribute to the global pursuit of a more equitable, harmonious, and peaceful world order. Through its rigorous analysis and actionable insights, the study seeks to inform policymaking and advocacy efforts aimed at fostering sustainable peace on a global scale.

The path to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine: Moscow’s framing of conflict and cooperation with the West under Putin’s rule

ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between the evolution of Russia’s foreign policy narrative (RN) and the breakdown of its relations with the West. Even though the West is a rather fluid and nebulous concept, it is central to Russian foreign policy and primarily encompasses the EU and the United States (US), but also other countries like Canada, Japan or Australia that are framed by the RN as key supporters of US leadership in the world order. Relations between the West and Russia veered towards conflict and lack of engagement following the start of the Ukraine crisis, with various voices indicating that the world had stepped into a new Cold War. In this article, a curated collection of key interviews and op-eds from the Russian President was coded and examined for frame analysis for the period between the start of 2000 (when Vladimir Putin first became President) to the end of 2021. This study finds that the RN discursively constructs the context within which the Kremlin made the fateful decision to invade Ukraine in February 2022.

The Emerging New World System and the European Challenge

Abstract In the early 2020s we live in the transition period between two world systems, the Old World Order (OWO) and the New World Order (NWO), in a deep ‘polycrisis’. Therefore, the term transformation has recently appeared in official EU documents as well as in political science literature. The transition to the NWO has begun with this crisis management and it will produce a radical transformation of the entire global architecture in the 2020s. In its conceptual framework this paper focuses on the contrast between ‘de‑coupling’ and ‘de ‑risking’, as it has been explained very markedly in the recent speeches of the president of the European Commission, Ursula van der Leyen (EC 2023a), and the national security adviser, Jake Sullivan (The White House 2023). This contrast symbolises the US policy, concentrating more on cutting or reducing connectivity among the various policy fields, versus the EU policy turning them safe and interdependent. These approaches represent the US and EU attitude in the emerging New World Order, and primarily in their relationships to China.

US-Visegrad Realities in Biden’s World of Democracies

Abstract The ‘liberal world order’ can be considered as an historic exception in the history of ‘realist anarchy’ of international relations. This exception is the result of many factors and it has been significantly influenced by the power of the United States. Thus, the agenda of the world order can be analysed in the context of American foreign policy. The place of Central Europe – and in the Visegrad countries – can be analysed in this frame. This approach elaborates the basis for further inquiries also of the Central European-American relations but here the goal is to understand the place of the Visegrad countries in the context of the American led liberal world order. The goal of this study is to theorise the world order, and to identify the role of the United States and the place of the Visegrad countries in it. Furthermore, the study tries to draw theoretic conclusions in the light of the ‘Biden doctrine’ – which is theoretically coherent with the liberal characteristic of the order – to the Visegrad-US relations.

Перемен требуют наши сердца. Образ рок-музыканта в позднесоветском кинематографе

The article analyses the image of a rock musician in the late Soviet and modern Russian cinema. Having appeared on screen in the mid-80s, a rock musician character type immediately had a cult following. The image represented a hero of the then-new time, a singer of freedom, a bearer of a different, “correct” pro-Western worldview, starting from the appearance and ending with the philosophy of life, and a symbol of disagreement not only with the generation of fathers but also with the then-existing, “wrong” world order in general. A rock musician in the perestroika cinema was a typical rebel character who appeared in the world cinema at the turn of epochs. The author of the article formulates the cultural codes behind the representation of such a character type on screen, traces its transformation, and comes to the conclusion that the meanings behind a rock musician character type are gradually losing their immediate relevance in modern Russian cinema.

Alina Polyakova/Edward Lucas/Mathieu Boulègue/Catherine Sendak/Scott Kindsvater/Ivanna Kuz/Sasha Stone: A New Vision for the Transatlantic Alliance: The Future of European Security, the United States, and the World Order after Russia’s War in Ukraine. Brüssel: Center for European Policy Analyses, November 2023

<b>Alina Polyakova/Edward Lucas/Mathieu Boulègue/Catherine Sendak/Scott Kindsvater/Ivanna Kuz/Sasha Stone:</b> A New Vision for the Transatlantic Alliance: The Future of European Security, the United States, and the World Order after Russia’s War in Ukraine. Brüssel: Center for European Policy Analyses, November 2023

Development of the Far Eastern Territories of Russia: from the Origins to Modern Realities

Relevance. In the conditions of the new world order, issues of state migration policy are of particular importance. The rapid development of the Far Eastern Federal District in the 21st century is determined by “absolute priority”. Therefore, the problems and prospects for technological and infrastructural development of the Far East require scientific understanding and social correction from all levels of state and municipal government. As prospects for minimizing the consequences of population outflow, a set of management measures is proposed, primarily at the federal level, which involves: providing a package of social preferences to all socio-demographic groups of residents of the Far Eastern Federal District; attracting human resources within the framework of the annually held competition “Leaders of Russia” and implementing in-depth scientific research on all socially significant projects. The purpose is to identify promising areas of managerial influence to minimize the outflow of population from the Far Eastern territories of modern Russia. Objectives: characterize the historical retrospective of the development of the Far Eastern territories; reveal cause-and-effect relationships, conditions and factors of population outflow; outline directions for minimizing negative migration consequences. Methodology. Research procedures are based on a synthesis of theoretical principles of the sociology of management and economics, using general scientific methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results. A set of quantitative and qualitative sociological measurements was carried out, which made it possible to determine the "pain points" of migration policy in the Far East and the prospects for their resolution. Conclusions. Stratification differences between Russian regions in terms of basic socio-economic indicators require the federal level of government to take specific measures to minimize their consequences. Underfunding of technological and infrastructure projects in the Far Eastern territories leads to fragmentation of their implementation. Deep scientific expertise and public approval are necessary when developing federal and regional development programs for the Far Eastern territories.

The Neognostic Myth in Cyberspace

The subject of the study is the functioning of the neognostic myth in cyberspace. Such aspects of the topic as the relationship between religion and the Internet from a non-instrumental point of view on technology are considered in detail. Digital and network technologies are seen as a modern repository of religious beliefs, and not as tools for proselytizing or proclaiming the good news. With the help of an archaeological approach to technical media, the author proposes to determine the deep times of the digital disclosure of technological mysticism, depending on a specific technical materiality characterized by wireless networks and mobile devices. Currently, there are trends in world culture towards the construction of a syncretic myth, which contains elements of the dying Christian paradigm and trends introduced into it from the outside or emerging again. The categorical apparatus developed in the discourse of postmodern aesthetics makes it possible to apply such methods as phenomenological, discursive, hermeneutic and archetypal analysis to the analysis of visual culture. In the study of visual neognostic myth, the concepts of archetypal models, plots, cliches, the theory of the evolution of symbols, general cultural positions of psychoanalysis and the concept of myth are used. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. Gnostic epistemology underlies the imagination of cyberspace. There is a constant in the history of the West that Eric Davis calls "techno-gnosis." In this regard, cybergnosis would be only the latest incarnation of a profound phenomenon. In the world of cyberculture, technognosis manifests itself in hacker ethics, cyberpunk literature, science fiction films and video games. With the help of an archaeological approach to technical media, the deep moments of the digital are determined, showing that there is a technological mysticism in video games that depends on a specific materiality. The new metamodern perception of the world recognizes not only the possibility of perceiving various logical and irrational paradigms of the world order and gaining knowledge about it, but also gives a positive connotation to pluralism itself, when diversity becomes more desirable than truth, which is characteristic of cyberspace. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the research is the basis for the formation of a clear conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of the neognostic myth in its visual form (as opposed to verbal) as a dynamic cultural model generated by digital art strategies and implemented today in media culture.

The Legacy of Traditional Chinese Taiji Philosophy as a Factor in Harmonizing the Contradictions of Socio-cultural Reality (using the example of Chinese Neorealist Art)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the ancient Chinese philosophy of Taiji on artistic creativity and the development of the internal evolution of artistic culture. Taoist philosophy of nature and Confucian ethics synthesized the philosophical core of the traditional Chinese worldview with its emphasis on the simplicity and naturalness of the world order, and formed the fundamental principles of Taiji. Fundamental to Taiji, the concept of Yin and Yang emphasizes the dual nature of the existence of movement and variability as a balance of opposing forces of development. The Taiji philosophy of dialectical development is supplemented by the idea of &amp;#8203;&amp;#8203;the genesis of renewal energy - Qi. The main research method is the method of revitalizing traditional systems on a new intellectual basis. The method of diachronic analysis of the social situation that influenced the development of Chinese neorealism in art was used. As a result of the study, the functional significance of the influence of the principles and philosophical ideas of taiji on the evolution of neorealism is described. Using the example of the work of Chinese neorealist artists Xin Dongwan and Zheng Yi, the authors come to the conclusion that there are three driving factors of artistic motivation for creativity: internal, external and subjective. The basic principles of Taiji philosophy and ethics, such as: the naturalness of change without the use of force (Wu Wei), change as the only constant in the existence of the world and its stability, gentleness - help develop the creative power of renewal. The idea is shown that in the ancient Chinese philosophical heritage, Confucianism and Taoism became two full-fledged directions, functionally complementing each other in explaining differences in cultural, political, philosophical and social environments.

Efektifitas Media Kahoot dalam Pembelajaran PPKn untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Kritis Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Tamansari

Mastery of information technology has become the "lifestyle" of most people, especially the younger generation. Along with the shift of the world order from the traditional realm to the digital realm, the development of information and communication technology has also penetrated into the field of education. This study aims to determine that kahoot media can improve students' critical reasoning on PPKn learning in elementary school teachers, Tamansari District, Boyolali Regency. The research method uses a qualitative approach based on the philosophy of postpositivism. The population survey of this study was 12 teachers and 34 students consisting of 8 schools, and interviews of elementary school teachers. The results prove that kahoot media learning using methods, presentations and practicums is highly favored by teachers, on the one hand different in portraying online learning. Being enthusiastic and challenged, in the end these teachers will apply in their respective schools. This proves that kahoot media can improve students' critical reasoning in PPKn learning with a percentage of 37% very good and 62% choosing good. However, the infrastructure at the training site needs to be improved and improved to support the online learning process like this.

Turkey’s Relations with the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean in the 21st Century: In Search of Strategic Autonomy

Introduction. Turkey’s search for a new regional and global role in a changing world order has increased Ankara’s attention to the Global South, which was peripheral to its foreign policy priorities during the Cold War. Although Ankara’s growing engagement and influence in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has attracted increasing attention from the research community, Turkey’s foreign policy in this region is still poorly understood. This article attempts to explore Turkey’s policy in LAC during the first decades of the 21st century, placing it in the context of Turkey’s increasing desire for “strategic autonomy.” Methods. The author used a case study approach to analyze Turkey’s policy in LAC. Results. After the Justice and Development Party came to power in Turkey in 2002, Turkey began a systematic effort to develop relations with LAC, expanding political, economic, and cultural ties with countries in the region. Since the July 2016 coup attempt in Turkey, Turkey’s foreign policy has been increasingly guided by the desire for “strategic autonomy.” Growing mistrust and conflicts in Turkey’s relations with the U.S. and the EU have increased Ankara’s interest in seeking alternative partnerships and building situational alliances. Although Ankara’s growing ties with LAC countries (especially Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina) increase the autonomy of its foreign policy, Turkey remains critically dependent on the West, both economically and in terms of security.

The Multifaceted Impacts and Reasons of the Ukraine War: A Theoretical Analysis

The armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine that began in 2022 has reached diverse effects and reasons in the system. But Russia deems Ukraine within her sphere of influence and has been infuriated at Ukraine’s nearness with the West and her desire to join NATO or the EU. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the multiple effects of the conflict on the global powers and explain how states’ national interests and goals have driven their responses in the foreign policy. The main driving point of this article is to focus on the several reasons and effects of Ukraine war that shakes the balance between the global powers in the world and how it disturbs the already existing order. This article will benefit from the perspectives of realism theory when deciphering the causes of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the regional and global implications of this conflict in various ways. To reveal the increasing power race within the system, to be able to see the changing balances within the framework of the concept of national interest and to see the impact of the war within the system, the theory of neorealism has been included in the study. This article will focus on three levels of analysis such as individual, state, and systemic in examining the main driving forces behind of Russia and Ukraine conflict. This war was not only occurred between Russia and Ukraine, it has had also created a huge impact on the other regions or international organizations in a different area. Regardless of the outcome of the war in Ukraine, Russia remains the most dangerous, immediate, and long-term threat to the Euro-Atlantic community and rules-based world order. During this study, it will focus on the descriptive theory by using comparison methods and techniques.

Preservation and reproduction of cultural and historical memory in the complex of journalism functions

Addressing the phenomenon of cultural and historical memory in the context of journalism theory and professional practice is important for a number of reasons. In a theoretical sense, it is necessary to take into account the structural features of the phenomenon of cultural and historical memory and the dynamics of its development, changes and influence on the processes taking place in journalism under the influence of the formation of a new system of post-global world order. The question of the essential institutional features of journalism in the spaces of sovereign macroregions can be solved only in the search for supporting specific basic principles of the existence of the profession. One of these principles should be cultural and historical memory, which has a national origin and institutional and cultural forms of expression, to which, among others (no less, but no more important), journalism should be attributed. The methodology of system analysis is used as a fundamental principle in the work. In determining the functional structure, the approaches developed within the framework of structural and functional analysis are used. In determining the interdependence of the structure of a historical fact in journalism and the spaces of its realization, discourse analysis is used in its functional application in the form of a discursive framework. The inclusion of the issues of cultural and historical memory in the processes of professional journalistic education requires the approval of the principle of subjectivity of journalism, its institutional nature, which allows initiation and full participation in social changes. The preservation and reproduction of cultural and historical memory is present as an integral part of the complex of professional journalistic functions.The functional complex of journalism manifests itself at the strategic level as participation in the expansion of cultural space and self-determination as an active part of cultural national history. At the operational and tactical level, journalism performs the functions of socio-cultural integration, socialization and adaptation. The structural components of a historical fact in journalism (denotation, meaning and concepts) are revealed to varying degrees depending on the implementation spaces. The methodology of the spatial approach used in the study of journalism allows us to identify the natural, material, social, personal and mediated media levels of space. Denotation plays a dominant role on the natural, material and social levels, meaning plays a dominant role on the personal level, meaning plays a dominant role on the media space level, and concepts play a dominant role in audience feedback systems.

Navigating the Post-Cold War Disorder: Examining NATO Enlargement and Nuclear Proliferation

The transition from a bipolar to a multipolar world order following the Cold War has profoundly affected international security. This article examines the implications from the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), focusing on NATO's enlargement and nuclear proliferation. Such developments have strained post-Cold War relations and increased global security concerns. The hypothesis suggests that the end of the USSR has significantly impacted international stability. It asserts that NATO's expansion in the Liberal International Order (LIO) has contributed to tensions with the Russian Federation, leading to an adversarial relationship. Nuclear proliferation, exploiting the dissolved bipolar structure, has complicated arms control negotiations and intensified the risk of nuclear conflict. This research paper highlights the West’s failure to recognize Russia's security interests and hegemonic pursuits. Using the framework of the LIO, it examines the principles of cooperation, democracy, and multilateralism, offering a lens to address the complex challenges and work toward a future characterized by security and collaboration. By shedding light on the interplay between nuclear proliferation, NATO's enlargement, and the LIO, it underscores the importance of addressing the security concerns of all nations and fostering a cooperative and reliable future.

A New Fair World Order Formulated in Beijing: Results of the Third Belt and Road Forum

A New Fair World Order Formulated in Beijing: Results of the Third Belt and Road Forum

The Impact of Globalization on the UAE A Contrasting Look at the Pros and Cons

The emergence of the new world order resulted from various developments in economic and social systems, advanced technologies, transportation, and communication means. These changes have made the world a global village, enabling people and countries to communicate and coordinate development processes by exchanging experiences, resources, and data. The UAE had the opportunity to ride the wave of global changes, but there is a controversy over whether it has benefited from globalization. Some argue that globalization has negatively affected the UAE as an emerging country that is always striving for excellence. However, this report will introduce globalization's positive and negative effects in the UAE by discussing the results and presenting an opinion. Finally, a conclusion and recommendation will be provided.

Soft Power &amp; Hegemony: Gramsci, Nye, and Cox’s Perspectives

This article highlights the significance of soft power and hegemony in the realms of international relations theory and political philosophy. Soft power serves as a political strategy utilized by nations to attract and shape ideas in other countries through influence and persuasion. Similarly, Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony emphasizes the influence of societal ideas by employing moral and intellectual leadership through consensus. In enriching this analysis, it incorporates perspectives from Robert Cox, who deepen the understanding of how hegemony intertwines with global power structures, social forces, and the construction of world order. This article provides a theoretical review of Joseph S. Nye's soft power concept and Antonio Gramsci's notion of hegemony, comparing both at the epistemological level of political science, encompassing concepts, praxis, and values. The study is based on Nye's Soft Power (2004) and Gramsci's Selections from the Prison Notebooks (2007) through a literature review. This article concludes that these concepts share similarities, such as utilizing intellectual leadership, promoting awareness within the intellectual class, and targeting civil society as a crucial influencer.

Elimination of paralogisms of thermodinamics

A number of specific examples show that replacing the energy carrier of the thermal form of motion with entropy as a heat transfer coordinate leads to a number of paralogisms, the number of which increases as the scope of application of thermodynamics expands. The epistemological roots of these paralogisms are revealed and a more general measure of the amount of chaotic motion, called a thermal impulse for brevity, is proposed. It is shown how its use instead of entropy eliminates all paralogisms known and discovered by the author, including the prediction of the thermal death of the Universe and the degradation of biological systems. It is concluded that replacing entropy with a thermal impulse opens the way to expanding the capabilities of the thermodynamic method in the study of nonequilibrium systems and non-static processes, to the synthesis of thermodynamics with other fundamental disciplines and to a deeper understanding of the world order.