Work Tasks Research Articles

Učinkovitost timskog rada u tekstilno-kožarskoj industriji u Republici Sjevernoj Makedoniji

Human resources and their qualitative characteristics represent one of the key factors for the development of the textile-leather industry due to its labor-intensive nature. Human resources are the foundation of every company. There is no company today in which the team spirit is not applied in the execution of work tasks at any level. In this paper, the effectiveness of teamwork in the textile-leather industry is examined through a survey questionnaire. Team leaders – managers and workers were surveyed. The quality of teamwork, competitive advantage, human resources management, and communication between all hierarchical levels are considered as indicators of effective teamwork in this survey. After summarizing the results of the survey, a statistical analysis of the data (t-test, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation) and a comparison of the results obtained from managers and workers was made.

STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK ON TEACHING METHODS OF UKRAINIAN LITERATURE AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The article reveals the essence of the concept “independent work of students on the methodology of teaching Ukrainian literature”, its forms, types, content, and the necessity of independent work. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the concept of independent work, its forms, types, and content. Analysis, synthesis and modeling methods were used to study the state of research. The results of our research was carried out with the help of empirical methods: pedagogical observation, questionnaires, interviews, testing, the method of experimental evaluations. Mathematical statistics methods were used to process the research results. A system of questions and tasks for the independent work of students on the methodology of teaching Ukrainian literature in middle general education and senior specialized humanitarian schools is proposed; the material is structured according to the main problems of methodological science. Special attention is paid to research work in the methodology of teaching Ukrainian literature. In the current stage of educational reforms implementation, the preparation of philology teachers capable of thinking creatively, finding solutions in any pedagogical situation, and developing an individual approach to the learning process in accordance with the demands of the time is crucial. In this context, the problem arises regarding the selection of teaching forms and methods that will facilitate active interaction between the instructor and the higher education seeker, fostering their academic and professional growth. This concerns the system of educational and psycho-pedagogical measures where individualized and differentiated approaches in organizing students' independent work take precedence.

PSYCHOLOGICAL GENERAL WELL-BEING, COGNITIVE FAILURE, AND INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS AMONG WORKERS FOUR MONTHS AFTER A MILD/ASYMPTOMATIC SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION.

To investigate the relationship between cognitive complaints, systemic inflammatory biomarkers and psychological general well-being (PGWB) after mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to the presence of long COVID and work tasks. University employees and metal workers were recruited in a cross-sectional study four months after SARS-CoV-2 infection to assess cognitive impairment, individual PGWB index, inflammatory biomarkers, namely platelet-lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-monocyte ratios, and the presence of long COVID symptoms. A significant increase in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers was observed in subjects with long COVID. Furthermore, the PGWB index was influenced by long COVID symptoms and subjective cognitive and depressive symptoms, but not by work activity. In occupational settings, it is crucial to detect the presence of long COVID symptoms and systemic inflammation early, as they may be associated with lower PGWB.

An organizational working time reduction and its impact on three domains of mental well-being of employees: a panel study

BackgroundWork hours are an important aspect of one’s job and these in turn have the potential to impact people’s well-being. Much research investigating the link between working hours and well-being uses cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies, especially those studying the same subjects changing their working time, can study the impact of work time more clearly. Using panel data, this study aims to explore the impact of a reduction in working time on three domains of well-being: general well-being, job-related well-being (positive work experience) and work-family well-being (work-family conflict). In addition, our study offers insights into the role of concomitant changes in work and private circumstances of employees as we investigate whether the impact of shorter working hours for well-being is mediated by changes in the participants’ and circumstances related to paid and unpaid work resources.MethodAn organization of about 60 (female) employees trialed a shorter workweek for one calendar year in 2019. All full-time employees reduced their hours. The part-time working employees can be used as a control group. Panel data (survey and time-use diary data) of a 30-h workweek trial in Belgium was collected in four waves over two years in a pre- and post-intervention design. Change over time (waves) was analyzed through multilevel growth models.ResultA decrease in work-family conflict was observed during the shorter workweek. Part of this decrease is explained by concomitant changes in work and private circumstances, such as sufficiency in free time, schedule control, and satisfaction with work pressure. Positive work experience and general well-being tend to have decreased during the shorter workweek, although this could partly be explained by other organizational changes and not by the reduction in working hours per se. Schedule control helped suppress these somewhat negative effects of organizational changes on positive work experience.ConclusionReduced working hours have the largest and most positive impact on work-family conflict. The feeling of having enough leisure time contributes to this increased well-being. Especially for women, who were the majority in this study, a reduction in working time might be beneficial as they often bear more responsibility for household work and care tasks. Next to the duration of working time, schedule control/autonomy has an important impact on well-being.

No Impairment in Bone Turnover or Executive Functions in Well-Treated Preschoolers with Phenylketonuria-A Pilot Study.

Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) present signs of impaired executive functioning and bone health in adolescence and adulthood, depending in part on the success of therapy in childhood. Therefore, nine children with well-treated PKU (4-7 years old, 22.2% ♀, seven with a full set of data, two included into partial analysis) and 18 age-, gender- and season-matched controls were analyzed for differences in executive functioning and bone parameters in plasma. Plasma was analyzed with commercially available kits. Cognitive performance in tonic alertness, visuo-spatial working memory, inhibitory control and task switching was assessed by a task battery presented on a touch screen. Regarding cognition, only the performance in incongruent conditions in inhibitory control was significantly better in children with PKU than in controls. No further differences in cognitive tests were detected. Furthermore, no significant difference in the bone turnover markers osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin and CTX were detected between children with PKU and controls, while children with PKU had a significantly higher vitamin D concentration (69.44 ± 12.83 nmol/L vs. 41.87 ± 15.99 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and trended towards lower parathyroid hormone concentrations than controls (48.27 ± 15.16 pg/mL vs. 70.61 ± 30.53 pg/mL, p = 0.066). In this small group of well-treated preschoolers with PKU, no impairments in cognitive performance and bone turnover were observed, while vitamin D supplementation of amino acid supplements seems to be sufficient to achieve good vitamin D status.

Developing an entrustable professional activity for providing health education and consultation in occupational therapy and examining its validity

BackgroundEntrustable Professional Activities (EPA)-based assessment is easily and intuitively used in evaluating the learning outcomes of competency-based medical education (CBME). This study aimed to develop an EPA for occupational therapy focused on providing health education and consultation (TP-EPA3) and examine its validity.MethodsNineteen occupational therapists who had completed online training on the EQual rubric evaluation participated in this study. An expert committee identified six core EPAs for pediatric occupational therapy. TP-EPA3 was developed following the EPA template and refined through consensus meetings. The EQual rubric, a 14-item, five-point criterion-based anchor system, encompassing discrete units of work (DU), entrustable, essential, and important tasks of the profession (EEIT), and curricular role (CR), was used to evaluate the quality of TP-EPA3. Overall scores below 4.07, or scores for DU, EEIT, and CR domains below 4.17. 4.00, and 4.00, respectively, indicate the need for modifications.ResultsThe TP-EPA3 demonstrated good validity, surpassing the required cut-off score with an average overall EQual score of 4.21 (SD = 0.41). Specific domain scores for DU, EEIT, and CR were 3.90 (SD = 0.69), 4.46 (SD = 0.44), and 4.42 (SD = 0.45), respectively. Subsequent revisions clarified observation contexts, enhancing specificity and focus. Further validation of the revised TP-EPA3 and a thorough examination of its reliability and validity are needed.ConclusionThe successful validation of TP-EPA3 suggests its potential as a valid assessment tool in occupational therapy education, offering a structured approach for developing competency in providing health education and consultation. This process model for EPA development and validation can guide occupational therapists in creating tailored EPAs for diverse specialties and settings.

Comparison of Six Sensor Fusion Algorithms with Electrogoniometer Estimation of Wrist Angle in Simulated Work Tasks.

Hand-intensive work is strongly associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the hand/wrist and other upper body regions across diverse occupations, including office work, manufacturing, services, and healthcare. Addressing the prevalence of WMSDs requires reliable and practical exposure measurements. Traditional methods like electrogoniometry and optical motion capture, while reliable, are expensive and impractical for field use. In contrast, small inertial measurement units (IMUs) may provide a cost-effective, time-efficient, and user-friendly alternative for measuring hand/wrist posture during real work. This study compared six orientation algorithms for estimating wrist angles with an electrogoniometer, the current gold standard in field settings. Six participants performed five simulated hand-intensive work tasks (involving considerable wrist velocity and/or hand force) and one standardised hand movement. Three multiplicative Kalman filter algorithms with different smoothers and constraints showed the highest agreement with the goniometer. These algorithms exhibited median correlation coefficients of 0.75-0.78 for flexion/extension and 0.64 for radial/ulnar deviation across the six subjects and five tasks. They also ranked in the top three for the lowest mean absolute differences from the goniometer at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of wrist flexion/extension (9.3°, 2.9°, and 7.4°, respectively). Although the results of this study are not fully acceptable for practical field use, especially for some work tasks, they indicate that IMU-based wrist angle estimation may be useful in occupational risk assessments after further improvements.

Blaming the young is always more accessible rather than accusing the older employees: an experimental view over age and health in organizations.

The stereotype content model postulates that different groups evoke different emotions and reactions based on two dimensions: intention toward others (warmth) and competence. In this study, we used an experimental design and a qualitative approach to investigate how managerial strategies are selected and motivated when a subordinate makes a work task related error but belongs to a group that is stereotypical perceived differently in terms of warmth and competence (age groups with or without a medical condition). Thus 75 employees analyzed one of the five hypothetical cases and described the managerial strategy and motivation for usage. Data revealed that managerial strategies incorporate more active harm elements for younger employees in contrast with vulnerable groups (older employees with unspecified medical conditions, younger or older employees with a medical condition), who benefit from more active facilitation strategies. The strategy usage motivation is also different in the case of younger employees, the control group and the vulnerable groups. The study outcomes bring additional evidence to support the stereotype content model theory and the socioemotional selectivity theory, enriching applicability on organizational practice and human resources management.

Identification of physically demanding work tasks among cleaners: field study using electromyography.

While chronic forearm pain is a common and debilitating condition among cleaners, the most physically demanding tasks remain unidentified. The present field study examines forearm muscle activity during 9 common cleaning tasks in a real working environment. Seven healthy cleaners participated in this study (age: 35.17 ± 9.62 yr; height: 168.17 ± 8.06 cm; weight: 77.14 ± 13.78 kg; experience: 5.60 ± 3.29 yr). Surface wireless electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 2 muscles on both sides of the upper limb, flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). Top-3 demanding high-force tasks (90th percentile EMG) were the rough floor, dirty rough floor, and office floor mopping for the FCU, and mopping high walls, ceiling mopping, and baize cleaning for the ECR. Top-3 static work tasks (10th percentile EMG) were mopping low walls, ceiling mopping, and dirty rough floors mopping for the FCU and mopping of high walls, low walls, and ceiling for the ECR. The study identified the forearm muscles' most physically demanding work tasks during cleaning tasks. The development of better working tools is recommended to avoid high-force overload as well as prolonged static overload of these muscles in cleaners.

The Effectiveness Of Using Column Formwork In A Multi-Story Building Construction Project

Building the structural components is crucial for constructing a multi-story building. In the process of creating these components, which is commonly done through casting, a tool called formwork is required. Formwork is a tool used to mold the necessary concrete structures, ensuring that their shape and dimensions align with the concrete material's planning. Formwork tasks for concrete work significantly impact costs. Different formwork options, including traditional, semi-system, and full-system forms, are available. This research aims to assess cost-effectiveness through value engineering, specifically focusing on column formwork, by comparing their utilization in a multi-story construction project. The study begins by collecting primary data, namely working drawings, so that the volume of conventional formwork can be calculated. Then, budget planning calculations are made to analyze the cost comparison of each formwork alternative. The selection of the appropriate formwork affects the speed of execution and the costs incurredIn this construction project for the building, the conventional column formwork results in expenses amounting to IDR 587,749,263.04 and requires 28 days for completion, while semi-system column formwork achieves a 37% cost saving with the same duration of 28 days, and full-system column formwork becomes 64% more cost-effective with a construction period of 10 days.

Labour control through risk and profit-sharing: Social inequalities and exploitation through artisanal and small-scale mining in Ghana

Despite the expanse of studies on artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in Africa, discussions on how the organization of workers and the division of work tasks influence labour outcomes in the sector remain marginal. There are growing concerns that ASM may account for rising income inequalities in communities. Using a case study from Ghana and relying on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with miners and other stakeholders, this paper examines processes of labour exploitation and domination in ASM. It is revealed that ASM labour processes facilitate capitalist accumulation among elites as the organization of work in the sector is moulded around pre-existing social identities and relations. The production of social differences, such as class and gender, is integral to labour exploitation, value extraction and profit accumulation in ASM. The deeply entrenched patriarchal system influences mining practices and facilitates the domination of women in ASM, producing inequalities between men and women. It is argued that capital-labour social relations underpin extractive activities in the sector hence the need to recognize ASM as a capitalist form of production. The paper concludes that the development potential of ASM will not be realized without addressing the persistent gender inequities and prevalence of exploitative relationships in the sector.

Redefining Office Interactions for a Thriving Employee Experience

While much of the current debate focuses on the hybrid work model, little attention has been given to what type of work tasks and dynamics companies should outline when employees are called to work in the office space. Designing meaningful face-to-face encounters becomes essential to engage employees and make in-person work more meaningful and effective for both parties. Thus, the paper explores how companies can engage employees in the post-pandemic changing office space environment. Building on theories of employee socialization and employee experience co-design, it identifies gaps and opportunities for developing meaningful encounters in the office space and cultivating a positive work culture. A case study was conducted in an aerospace engineering company with a hybrid working model to provide practical insights. The study employed an exploratory research design, incorporating qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, observations, and a co-design session with employees. Content analysis was used to categorize areas of employee experience in the office space that needed to be redesigned positively. The results of the study confirm that the co-design of socialization, adding creativity, and fostering serendipitous encounters in the workspace improves the employee experience, strengthening the ties with the company, connecting with their colleagues, and helping in the well-being and sense of belonging. This translates into positive gains for the organization that wants to define a hybrid work model, giving flexibility to employees without losing the human bond that the face-to-face visit to the workplace provides through meaningful experiences. Involving employees in the collaborative process of redesigning socialization and interaction practices, organizations are committed to valuing individual perspectives and needs, resulting in a more relevant and satisfying employee experience.

Using an online platform in a didactic learning model that stimulates critical thinking skills of future informatics teachers

Critical thinking is a key competency for future computer science teachers, who must be prepared not only for the rapid technological and informational development of the economy and society but also for the actively evolving process of digitalization in education. The aim of the research presented in the article is to develop methods and tools for enhancing critical thinking skills among future informatics teachers. To this end, the author has created an online platform that provides students with access to a variety of educational resources, including lectures, laboratory work, and interactive tasks. By integrating constructivist, cognitive, and sociocultural approaches to learning, this model promotes deep understanding and analysis of information by students. The platform is physically hosted on the server of Termez State University, built using the Python programming language with the Django framework, and is already being used by second-year students majoring in “Mathematics and Informatics”, studying under the discipline “Informatics and Digital Technologies”.The online platform offers the necessary functionality for organizing independent study sessions and self-monitoring, allowing students to track their progress and develop the ability to critically evaluate information. The educational platform is a key component of the didactic model for developing critical thinking skills in future informatics teachers, the architecture of which is detailed in the article.The results of the study presented in the article can be utilized in the educational practices of higher educational institutions (and even schools) seeking to update and optimize their training processes in the context of digitalization.

The joy of surgery: how gender influences surgeons' experiences.

Burnout in medicine is an epidemic, and surgeons are not immune. Studies often focus on negative factors leading to burnout, with less emphasis on optimizing joy. The purpose of this study, conducted by the SAGES Reimagining the Practice of Surgery Task Force, was to explore how gender may influence surgeon well-being to better inform organizational change. The study team developed a survey with the domains: facilitators of joy, support for best work, time for work tasks, barriers to joy, and what they would do with more time. The survey was emailed to 5777 addresses on the SAGES distribution list. Results were analyzed by calculating summary statistics. 223 surgeons completed the survey; 62.3% identified as men, 32.3% as women, and 5.4% did not indicate gender. Female compared to male respondents were younger (41.6 vs 52.5 years) and had practiced for fewer years (8.4 vs 19.4 years). The three greatest differences in facilitators of joy were being a leader in the field, leading clinical teams, and teaching, with a > 10 percentage point difference between men/women rating these highly (score of ≥ 8). Women generally perceived less support from their institutions than men. The greatest gender difference was in support for teaching, with 52.8% of men rating this highly compared to 30.2% of women. Only 52% of women felt respected by coworkers most of the time compared to 68.3% of men. Most (96.0%) respondents (men 95.7% and women 98.6%) reported wanting more time with family and friends. This study demonstrates the complexity of the personal and professional factors that influence joy in surgery, highlight gender differences that impact joy and suggests opportunities for improved gender-based support. These results can inform potential organization-level changes and further research to better understand emerging differences in joy across gender identities.

Return to Work Following Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A One-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Participants with Direct Referral from Hospital to Occupational Health Care Services.

In a new Finnish Coordinated Return to Work (CRTW) model, patients are referred to occupational health care after hip or knee arthroplasty. This study evaluated the CRTW model's effect on return to work (RTW), activities used in occupational health care and in the workplace, and the patient- and work-related factors affecting early RTW. 209 participants with occupational health care service underwent primary hip (THA) or total/unicondylar knee (KJA) arthroplasty and completed self-reported questionnaires after arthroplasty and at time of RTW. Factors affecting RTW, and the roles of occupational health care and the workplace in RTW were evaluated. Time to RTW was determined as days between the arthroplasty and RTW. Mean time to RTW was 69days after THA and 87days after KJA. For easing RTW, work arrangements were made for 56% of the participants. The most utilized adjustments of work were enabling remote work and arranging limitations in work tasks. Participants with earlier RTW had lower physical workload, higher professional status and motivation to work, less pre-arthroplasty sick leave, and more positive personal expectations about the time to RTW compared to participants with later RTW (p < 0.001 for all). The linear regression and dominance analyses showed participants' own expectations and pre-arthroplasty sick leave as the strongest factors affecting time to RTW. The CRTW model seems to shorten time to RTW after THA and KJA. Occupational health care and workplace play important roles in supporting RTW. Patients' own expectations should be noted when giving pre-arthroplasty information.

Alarm Management in Intensive Care: Qualitative Triangulation Study.

The high number of unnecessary alarms in intensive care settings leads to alarm fatigue among staff and threatens patient safety. To develop and implement effective and sustainable solutions for alarm management in intensive care units (ICUs), an understanding of staff interactions with the patient monitoring system and alarm management practices is essential. This study investigated the interaction of nurses and physicians with the patient monitoring system, their perceptions of alarm management, and smart alarm management solutions. This explorative qualitative study with an ethnographic, multimethods approach was conducted in an ICU of a German university hospital. Using triangulation in data collection, 102 hours of field observations, 12 semistructured interviews with ICU staff members, and the results of a participatory task were analyzed. The data analysis followed an inductive, grounded theory approach. Nurses and physicians reported interacting with the continuous vital sign monitoring system for most of their work time and tasks. There were no established standards for alarm management; instead, nurses and physicians stated that alarms were addressed through ad hoc reactions, a practice they viewed as problematic. Staff members' perceptions of intelligent alarm management varied, but they highlighted the importance of understandable and traceable suggestions to increase trust and cognitive ease. Staff members' interactions with the omnipresent patient monitoring system and its alarms are essential parts of ICU workflows and clinical decision-making. Alarm management standards and workflows have been shown to be deficient. Our observations, as well as staff feedback, suggest that changes are warranted. Solutions for alarm management should be designed and implemented with users, workflows, and real-world data at the core.

Exoskelette in der Intralogistik

Abstract Due to the high physical demands of many manual work activities in intralogistics and the economic consequences of the resulting sickness-related absences, exoskeletons are becoming increasingly important. By physically relieving and actively supporting employees, work tasks can be made more ergonomic and the challenges mentioned can be counteracted. However, the variety of exoskeletons available on the market presents companies with major challenges when it comes to planning and selecting suitable systems. This article therefore presents an exoskeleton morphology that illustrates the different types of exoskeletons and enables the classification of suitable systems. Based on this, the results of a market analysis are visualized. Secondly, a method for the systematic and application-oriented selection of exoskeletons in intralogistics is presented. This method maps the application-specific requirements and ergonomic needs to the morphological characteristics in order to recommend suitable exoskeletons. The method is applied and validated using two intralogistics application examples, container unloading and palletizing.

Symmetrical Modeling of Physical Properties of Flexible Structure of Silicone Materials for Control of Pneumatic Soft Actuators

With the ongoing advancements in material technology, the domain of soft robotics has garnered increasing attention. Soft robots, in contrast to their rigid counterparts, offer superior adaptability to the environment, enhanced flexibility, and improved safety, rendering them highly suitable for complex application scenarios such as rescue operations and medical interventions. In this paper, a new type of pneumatic software actuator is proposed. The actuator adopts a combination of a soft structure and pneumatic control, which is highly flexible and versatile. By using the flow of gas inside the soft structure, high-precision and flexible motion control is realized. In the design process, the extensibility and adaptability of the structure are considered, so that the actuator can adapt to different working environments and task requirements. The experimental results show that the pneumatic soft actuator exhibits excellent performance in terms of accuracy, response speed, and controllability. This research provides new ideas and methods for the development of the field of pneumatic actuators and has wide application prospects. The main research content of this paper is as follows: first, the soft pneumatic actuator is modeled and simulated, the structure is optimized on the basis of simulation, and finally, the performance of the actuator is tested.

The Role of the Departure of the Asset of Young Specialists in Reducing the Leakage of Teachers in the School

The article describes the main aspects of the integration and retention of a young teacher in the profession, defines the conditions that ensure this process, and shows effective ways for educational organizations to accompany and support a young teacher. The features of a new generation of teachers who dictate modern realities are studied, due to which new risks of leaving a specialist's position arise, the name of one of them is burnout. The importance of proper integration into the work environment and preparation for the performance of work tasks is largely dictated by responsibility to the future generation. The personnel drain is accompanied by the migration of promising specialists to other countries, this is facilitated by the existing number of factors described in the article. The paper identifies current strategies to prevent professional burnout of young teachers – they will help not only increase the number of specialists in the profession, but also give them the opportunity to develop in a career environment, strive for success. Special attention is paid to gatherings of young professionals as one of the leading ways to prevent burnout in general. The article includes the specifics of spending time outside the work institution, describes the stages of participation in the meeting, as well as its mutually beneficial relationship with the school administration, which needs cooperation with projects of a city or country of this format. The professional success of a teacher largely depends not only on passing through the difficulties of a career path, but also on the ability to take an environmentally friendly approach to spending their internal resources, to find a source of replenishment. Gatherings of young specialists meet these demands and are able to broaden their horizons, social circle, and raise their awareness. Accommodating many positive influences on the teacher, the meetings have become an effective measure to prevent his professional burnout, building the prospect of his success.

Unveiling the Relationship between Flextime and Job Performance: The Role of Family–Work Conflict and the Ability to Cope in a Moderated Mediation Model

Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study explored the contribution of flexible work arrangements within the increasing digitalization of workplaces. In particular, with a specific focus on what happened when employees teleworked, it examined whether flextime perceptions, accounting for employees’ perception of control over their working hours, were related to job performance and if family–work conflict mediated this relationship. Additionally, the study investigated if the ability to cope with work tasks moderated the relationships between flextime and both family–work conflict and job performance. The study was conducted in an Italian research institute involving 598 respondents engaged in hybrid work with over two years of remote working experience. The SPSS Process macro was used, and findings showed a positive direct association between flextime and job performance. Intriguingly, no indirect effect of flextime on job performance through family–work conflict was observed. However, the introduction of the ability to cope in the model generated a significant mediation at specific levels of the moderator. The study highlighted the moderating role of the ability to cope in the relationships between flextime and family–work conflict on one side and job performance on the other. This research provides insights into the complexities of hybrid work and discusses the advantages of flextime and the intricate interplay it has with family–work conflict and job performance. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications, offering guidance for both researchers and practitioners navigating the multifaceted realm of flexible work arrangements.