Work Piece Research Articles

The Embodiment of Engineering in Renaissance Art Works Based on the Art Works by Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Drer, and Mariano di Jacopo

During the Renaissance, many artists create pieces of work with the help of perspectives on different fields, like mathematics and engineering. The perspectives of mathematics and engineering are shown in different art pieces by different artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Drer, and Taccola. They are discovered in the Codex on the Flight of Birds by Leonardo Da Vinci, the perpetual wheel with articulated arms by Taccola, and Drers Melodia. Together, the author discovered how the three pieces bring out the perspectives of mathematics and engineering, how art is combined with these perspectives in the different art pieces, and what it brought to or inspire people together. Through analyzing different pieces of literature and the art piece itself, the authors found out that art can relate to the perspectives of mathematics and engineering. These brilliant art pieces also did inspire future generations of people who continue to study this topic and the history related to this field.

Ruin and Renewal: Civilising Europe after the Second World War, by Paul Betts

This book provides an excellent example of how historical research can reflect the Zeitgeist while also explaining how we got to where we are now. This is by no means the first book to capture the detail and spirit of post-Second World War Europe, however; and several books on this subject, such as those by Mark Mazower and Tony Judt, represent scholarship at its very best. Yet no post-1945 study has managed to achieve what Paul Betts has achieved here. By bringing together cultural, social and political research with a conceptual modern history of European civilisation, and by adopting a truly transnational perspective, Betts has managed to produce a highly original piece of work that sheds new light on Europe after the Second World War. The book is distinctive in several ways. First, it adopts what might be described as a case-study approach. This is most visible in the early chapters. To give a flavour of themes covered, these chapters include sections on anti-communism, the war crimes trials, military occupation, the post-1945 family, peace movements, housing, etiquette, and the role of social and religious groups. Secondly, the author makes excellent use of cultural content, drawing on both photography and architecture to provide evidence of post-war renewal. These sections of the book are fascinating. Finally, and perhaps most distinctive of all, is Betts’s global take on European history. This is the preserve of the second half of the book, and is the more original part of the project. It steps back from the domestic European scene to view Europe from an international standpoint, with particular attention given to relations with Africa. For example, it shows how, in the period after 1945, European states engaged in what was ultimately an unsuccessful effort at re-colonisation (challenging the prevailing view that post-1945 Europe was all about peace). In an entirely original contribution, this part of the book also demonstrates how East European states sought to cultivate cultural and economic relationships with African leaders, while arguing that socialist engagement with Africa inhabited a moral high-ground far above that of the imperialist West. Betts also gives voice to African perspectives on Europe, in a nuanced way that reflects inter- and intra-state debates and disagreements as to how much European cultural and political influence post-independence African countries should retain.

Study of dielectric, impedance and transport properties of co-doped Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 ceramics

Dielectric properties and Electrical response of BST ceramics having composition Ba0.5Sr0.5Ti0.98Sn0.01Zr0.01O3 synthesized by solid state reaction route are studied in this piece of work. The structural part analysis is done using XRD technique and scanning electron microscopy and is confirmed to be of cubic structure. Electrical characterization through impedance and modulus spectroscopy is made over a frequency region of 1 kHz to 1 MHz from ambient temperature to 400 °C. Near constant value of Ɛr and significantly low and flat loss tangent at room temperature are achieved in the material which suggest possible application in electronic circuits. Temperature dependent broadened loss peaks observed beyond 250 °C indicated thermally activated conductivity/ relaxation process in the material. Impedance spectroscopy results were examined in alternate formalism for the role of grain boundary and grain in various processes. The computed activation energy for charge carriers provides information of the transport phenomena. The estimated values suggest that oxygen vacancies play important role in conduction process. The activation energy is estimated by fitting temperature dependent relaxation time with Arrhenius equation and the type of charge carriers involved in the relaxation process are suggested. Frequency dependent ac conductivity plots at various temperatures obey Johnscher’s law. Variation of exponent in Johnsher’s power law with temperature well agrees with correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model for ac conduction mechanism.

Optimization of process parameters in wire electrical discharge machining using teaching learning based optimization

The Un-Conventional or Non-Traditional machining process is aimed to produce products at right quality. WEDM (Wire electrode discharge machining) is unconventional advanced machining technique for better accuracy. In WEDM a thin wire is used to remove the material from the work piece through electrical spark. Parameters optimization plays a major role in machining process to achieve better quality. In this paper, a technique TLBO (teacher and learner based optimization) was used to parameters optimization in WEDM process of high speed steel (HSS) plates. Experimental values were taken from Sivanaga Malleswara Rao et al. (2017) article..

Exploration of machining parameters by using Taguchi technique on MAAJDM

In this investigation non conventional machine is used to drill a ceramic composite work piece with given input parameters abrasive particles (SiC) are combined with gas in a mixing chamber the size of the abrasive particles is 30 µm and these particles are impinged targeted surface on the work piece with high velocity. An experiment was carried out in accordance with Taguchi's design of experiments in order to determine the signal-to-noise ratio and prediction values of 27 experiments. Four input parameters were used to carry out the experiment on an abrasive air jet drilling machine. We ran one experiment for each orthogonal array combination, and using ANOVA we discovered that the process parameters have a significant influence on kerf. According to the ANOVA, the input parameter standoff distance has the greatest impact on the kerf, followed by air pressure, abrasive flow rate, and finally specimen type. In this work, the investigation brings as per L27 orthogonal array (OA) by varying Pressure, Standoff distance, Abrasive Flow Rate, and percentage of reinforcement into matrix material respectively.

The psychological study of race, diversity, and culture: Foundational contributions of James M. Jones to modern theories of racism.

The field of psychology has a history of harming racialized communities through the endorsement of scientific racism and the systematic silencing and erasure of dissenting voices. The field has a moral imperative to work collectively to create a future where the experiences, perspectives, and contributions of Black people are included and celebrated. Here, we contribute to centering Black voices by highlighting the scholarship of Professor James M. Jones, whose work on racial issues and diversity has had a profound impact. Our aim was twofold: (a) critically review foundational pieces of Jones' work and identify core themes and (b) discuss the impact of Jones' work on science and society, including areas for future research. Using various keyword strategies and in consultation with Professor Jones, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory searches using APA PsycInfo, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. We curated 21 pieces for review and identified six core themes: (a) racism as a universal context, (b) culture and context matter in situating historical and temporal narratives, (c) methodological limitations of psychological examinations of race, (d) doing diversity, (e) accepting divergent social realities, and (f) coping with oppression. Jones' systems-level analysis of racism provides a strong theoretical and analytical framework for the study of racial issues. Jones' impact and legacy extend far beyond the academe: as director of the Minority Fellowship Program and executive director of public interest at American Psychological Association, he has influenced generations of psychologists and paved a pathway for psychological science methods in social policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Development of MR fluid assisted novel vibration damping fixture for milling machine

Chatter occurs in all metal cutting process and it is an important factor that causes uneven tool wear and reduced tool life resulting in poor surface finish of work piece. It even causes geometrical inconsistencies and poor surface finish. It can lead to higher costs, delayed deliveries and even loss of orders due to poor quality of the machined component. To reduce and control the tool vibration in metal cutting it is necessitating that to develop a clamping method to improve the vibration damping capability and improves the machining conditions. To cater this need design and development of Magnetorheological (MR) fluid assisted novel vibration damping fixture designed. The application of MR damper assisted fixture in milling machine is considered to be a solution for better vibration control and surface finish. From the experimental investigation it was evident that MR damper performance depends on parameters like suspended fluid, density, reaction time, particle size, maximum yield stress. The viscosity of the MR fluid depends on the intensity of magnetic field applied. Coil orientation, number of turns, current, gap between cylinder and piston are important parameters to be consider while designing a MR Damper. From the experimental results it was witnessed that the magnetorheological assisted fixture reduces the vibration during machining significantly and improves the surface roughness and machining performance.

MONITORING FEATURES OF FORMING THE CONNECTION OF THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES MADE OF TITANIUM ALLOYS BY DIFFUSION WELDING (REVIEW)

The results of the analysis with an assessment of the features of the formation of products from thin-walled sheet structures made of titanium alloys using diffuse welding (DS) technologies are presented. The analysis of the development of low- and high-temperature deformation in the contact zone at the DS of titanium thin-walled three-layer structures of the T-type is carried out, taking into account the ratio of the thickness of the welded work pieces and their initial microstructure. The estimated data on the influence of the technological parameters of the DS and the micro-structural state of the welded titanium billets on the kinetics of the development of the formation of the welded joint and its mechanical properties are given.

Design and Implementation of Iterative Learning Control for an Electro-Hydraulic Servo System

In order to produce an accurate movement of double-acting hydraulic cylinder of the Electro-Hydraulic Servo System (EHSS), an Iterative Learning Controller (ILC) approach is implemented in this work. Nonlinearity and imprecision occurs in the hydraulic systems because of friction. Traditional controllers are incapable of providing effective control performance throughout the entire operating range and insufficient to handle repetitive task. To manage the repetitive task, a memory-based learning control analysis is suitable. This research focuses to construct the ILC for governing the servo spool valve, which is responsible for the hydraulic cylinder displacement. The proposed ILC consists of learning filter, learning gain and robustness filter. Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller is devised to validate the outcome of ILC. Controllers are constructed based on the system modelling. The effectiveness of the suggested controller is shown through simulation and experimental findings. ILC provides an average of 50% minimal overshoot and settles 7 sec before the PID controller is designed. Due to model uncertainty, PID controller results 0.2 sec better rise time than ILC. In ILC's architecture objective function is designed to achieve minimal overshoot and quick settling of hydraulic cylinder. So, no consideration is given to the error indices. These findings will help hydraulic stamping application, which requires the accurate displacement of piston to avoid damage of work piece. These results show that the proposed controller achieves desired outcome displacement of hydraulic cylinder.

Review on Design Fixtures for Wheel House of Car

Abstract: A fixture is a work-holding device used in the manufacturing industry. Fixture’s primary purpose is to create a secure mounting point for a work piece, allowing for support during operation and increased accuracy, precision, reliability, and interchange ability in the finished parts. This paper present Review on Design of fixture for wheel house of car. This component is a part of Four wheeler Car. The operation to be performed is Spot welding. The evaluated fixture uses Mylar, Riser, Clamp arm ,Plate, Base plate, welding part used for work support for holding the work piece driven by Pneumatic Air. This is Multipale used new fixture achieves automatic clamping of parts in same fixture.

Ewolucja umów terminowych w prawie pracy i ich systematyka

The concept of an employment relationship “limited in time” is known from the beginning of modern labour law. As a result of socioeconomic changes taking place in the XIX and XX-th centuries the role of such contracts also changed considerably as well as the scope of their application due to the evolution of the intended and practicly realized function of these employment contracts. Legal pro- visions concerning employment contracts “limited in time” were developed and their new kinds introduced varying as far as their socio- economic destination and some important elements of their legal characteristics are concerned.In this article evolution of legal provisions and of doctrinal opinions on em- ployment contracts “limited in time” in Poland between the First and Second World Wars and after the Second World War is presented. An attempt was made also to explain the very term “employment contract limited in time” and to specify the scope of its differentiation. Polish labour code knows various kinds of contr- acts belonging to this category: employment contracts concluded for a definite period, contracts for the period required to carry out a specific piece of work, employment contracts concluded for a trial period and for an initial period. Employment contracts “limited in time” are also regulated in several acts of more detailed character still maintained in force.Since the labour code gives a catalogue of different kinds of employment contracts it was necessary to consider whether this is a catalogue of a rigid character or not, in another words, whether statutory classification excludes or allows to combine in one employment contract various construction elements characteristic for separate kinds of employment contracts. This issue was discussed on the basis of article 18 of the labour code. Also, the freedom of contract as far as applicationof the provisions on employment contracts “limited in time” is concerned and the possibility to conclude such contracts for a long-term periods was presented.Discussion of the binding legal regulation allowed the Author to conclude that the term “employment contract limited in time” contains not one but several statu- tory concepts which in their essence constitute distinct legal institutions. A com- mon feature of these contracts is their limitation in time foreseen by the parties in advance. On the other hand, the differences concerne not only formal elements but also functions fulfilled by a specific kind of an employment contract “limited in time”.

Nadzwyczajne złagodzenie kary w praktyce sądowej (w świetle danych statystycznych z 1977 r.)

The concept of an employment relationship “limited in time” is known from the beginning of modern labour law. As a result of socioeconomic changes taking place in the XIX and XX-th centuries the role of such contracts also changed considerably as well as the scope of their application due to the evolution of the intended and practicly realized function of these employment contracts. Legal pro- visions concerning employment contracts “limited in time” were developed and their new kinds introduced varying as far as their socio- economic destination and some important elements of their legal characteristics are concerned.In this article evolution of legal provisions and of doctrinal opinions on em- ployment contracts “limited in time” in Poland between the First and Second World Wars and after the Second World War is presented. An attempt was made also to explain the very term “employment contract limited in time” and to specify the scope of its differentiation. Polish labour code knows various kinds of contr- acts belonging to this category: employment contracts concluded for a definite period, contracts for the period required to carry out a specific piece of work, employment contracts concluded for a trial period and for an initial period. Employment contracts “limited in time” are also regulated in several acts of more detailed character still maintained in force.Since the labour code gives a catalogue of different kinds of employment contracts it was necessary to consider whether this is a catalogue of a rigid character or not, in another words, whether statutory classification excludes or allows to combine in one employment contract various construction elements characteristic for separate kinds of employment contracts. This issue was discussed on the basis of article 18 of the labour code. Also, the freedom of contract as far as application of the provisions on employment contracts “limited in time” is concerned and the possibility to conclude such contracts for a long-term periods was presented.Discussion of the binding legal regulation allowed the Author to conclude that the term “employment contract limited in time” contains not one but several statu- tory concepts which in their essence constitute distinct legal institutions. A com- mon feature of these contracts is their limitation in time foreseen by the parties in advance. On the other hand, the differences concerne not only formal elements but also functions fulfilled by a specific kind of an employment contract “limited in time”.

ODYSSEY THROUGH ACADEME I & II:Exploration of Metal Scraps in the Production of Creative Lampstand by Segun Okewumi

The paper titled ‘odyssey through academe I&II was based on the problems and challenges students of higher education face in their quest of obtaining a degree in Nigeria. It is also a celebration of the determination of these students to be trained and acquire knowledge through formal education despite the hardship posed by the education system of higher institutions of learning. The methodology explored in this project involved both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Primary sources included observation, examination and review of previous works and studies related to challenges facing students in higher institutions, material exploration and the use of scraps for sculptures. The secondary sources include images/ photographs from the internet and journal articles. The analysis used includes descriptive analysis, which involves the explanation of the procedures and interpretation of the theme and meaning of the work piece. The paper revealed that a lot of undergraduates are faced with academic struggles and challenges such as, inadequate learning facilities, lack of regular water and power supply and tedious administrative processes amidst many, which are caused by the prevalent economic and political instabilities of varying nations. The paper also highlighted some of the ways forward from these problems. The study therefore concluded on the note that the effort of these students needs to be celebrated always. Also, laying emphasis on the importance of the executed piece to the academic community as a whole. KEYWORDS: welding, metal, waste, education, experimentation

Numerical simulation of inductive heating in thermoplastic unidirectional cross-ply laminates

Thermoplastic Composites can be re-melted allowing them to be joined via welding. This is an attractive alternative to conventional methods that are used to join thermoset composite parts such as mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding. In this work the inductive heating of uni-directional (UD) plies of thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates is investigated. The focus is on developing a numerical electromagnetic and thermal simulation model that captures the main processes involved in eddy current generation and heat generation, in particular in the interface areas of the UD plies. A measurement technique has been developed to obtain the electric properties of the ply material. Furthermore, to support the modelling of both the induction heating equipment and work piece a field measurement of the magnetic field surrounding the coil and work piece has been developed. Inductive heating experiments were carried out on several thick composite laminate plates with different ply lay-ups to compare and validate the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation model. The measured surface temperatures were compared with the results from the simulation model. The results of this work can be used to support the design of UD-ply laminates to improve their ability to be welded via inductive heating. In addition, the results of this work can be used to assist in pre-determining induction welding equipment settings and heating times.

Does a vocational education program prepare competent graduates for further academic programs?

PurposeThis study examines whether students graduating from SSC-VOC perform better in diploma engineering programs.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how secondary school certificate-vocational (SSC-VOC) graduates perform in their subsequent vocational programs.FindingsDespite having vocational training orientation, this study finds that graduates from SSC-VOC receive lower grades than their public counterparts by 0.109 cumulative grade points average (CGPA).Social implicationsFindings imply that policymakers should increase teachers' numbers, salaries and laboratory facilities. In addition, collaboration between SSC-VOC institutions and polytechnics would allow them to offer a quality engineering education. In such a way, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) programs prepare human resources to promote economic development and employment, expand production opportunities and improve employment quality.Originality/valueThis is the first piece of work conducted in Bangladesh that has examined the quality of VET graduates for furthering their studies. This study added value by providing some pragmatic suggestions for practical implications.

TOMCHILATIB SUG‘ORISH TIZIMIDA TUPROQ NAMLIGINI MASOFADAN VA KLASSIK USULDA ANIQLASH TEXNOLOGIYALARI

This scientific piece of work shows findings from tests of the technology designed for remote determination of the soil moisture in the use of drip irrigation system in Samarkand region. The average annual rainfall of the research area is 370 mm, the area is 240 000 m2. The site where the technology was subject for tests, is located 634 m above the sea level in Payariq district of Samarkand region 40°00’43.97’’ 66°54’51.35. The area was divided into 12 smaller sites, humidity measuring sensors were installed in each of the sites and GSM modules were used for their communication. To ensure efficiency and accuracy of the results, we would check the data collected by each sensor once every 2 days by thermostats, using a classical method. A graph and a table of maximum sensor mutual distances were developed based on the humidity levels measured in the classical way as well as applying the humidity difference in the sensors. The main difference between the conducted scientific work and practical experiments is that monitoring of the moisture levels was carried out at 3 different depths of the soil and in layers of the light-, medium- and heavy loams. As a matter of fact, currently, such technologies are highly demanded as the area of lands in the drip irrigation system covers in average 15-20 hectares, and the soil moisture is important for determining the irrigation intervals and time. However, it is not always possible, time-wise, to determine the soil samples using the classic-, thermostat- or head drying methods. This article will review the methods applied for determining the two types of soil and their accuracy levels.

Partition and Train to Pakistan

The independence of India and Pakistan paved the way for the biggest migration history of human civilizations. It carried with itself the bloody legacy of partition which made thousands of people homeless and ruined their destinations. The marked the communal violence and thereafter gave way to numbers of riots in India where, in the name of religion people became assassinators of each other. The harmony of fraternity that the country was preserving was kept at a stake and humanity got murdered. Khuswant Singh’s novel “Train to Pakistan” gives the glimpses of the horror keeping the partition scenes at the backdrop. It is a multilayered novel, depicting religious perspectives, violence, communal hatred, corruption and women’s position. It has a sense of post-colonialism anxiety and through the characters Singh has also mapped out the sense of subalternity that the Indian felt. From the feminist approach it deals with the condition of women and how their body became the matter of subjugation under patriarchal domination. It also deals with the psychological perspective of the colonized class as a victim of “false ideology”. Being a realistic piece of work, the issues that Singh dealt with are still in practice. Though the Constitution of India promotes equality, certain still the riots that India faced bears the example of the genocide and legacy of partition. Keeping with all these, Singh has tried to paint the true spirit of religion and love through some of the characters and holds high the concept of brotherhood and humanity as Jugga, helps to pass the train to Pakistan.

Sharpening of graded diamond grinding wheels

Grinding the flutes of cemented carbide end mill cutters results in high and uneven radial wear of the grinding wheel. This is a consequence of the varying geometrical contact conditions over the grinding wheel width. Decreased manufacturing accuracy regarding the tool target geometry is the consequence. To compensate for this, the dressing intervals must be shortened. High non-productive times and an additionally reduction of the grinding layer results from this. The higher non-productive times reduce the productivity of the grinding process and, in conjunction with the shorter lifetime of the grinding tool, thus increase the costs per work piece. It has already been shown that load-adapted grinding wheels can reduce uneven radial wear up to 50%. The adaptation of the wear behaviour to non-uniform engagement conditions causes non-uniform radial wear to occur again under uniform engagement conditions. Uniform engagement conditions occur during grinding wheel sharpening. Therefore, the present study investigates the influence of sharpening on the grinding tool topography. For this purpose, sharpening tests are carried out on four differently graded grinding wheels. For comparability, the tests are also carried out on two non-graded grinding wheels. In the present work, the surface parameters are evaluated with regard to their suitability for analysing the sharpening condition of graded grinding wheels. The grain protrusion derived from this is subsequently used for evaluation. For this, a dependency on the grain concentration is proven and the grain protrusions are shown over the grinding wheel widths. From this, sharpening parameters are determined that enable reproducible sharpening of graded grinding wheels.

Ion irradiation induced direction of collapsed hard-magnetization axis in thin Co films

A number of polycrystalline films feature distinct sharp peaks in the angular variations of their in-plane major-loop remanent magnetization and coercivity, centered ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ off the easy-axis position, a property referred to as hard-axis collapse. In such systems a striking phenomenon, recoil-curve overshoot (RCO), recoil magnetization branches that lie outside the major loop, was recently reported, resulting in a significantly greater recoil loop area compared with that of the respective major loop. In the present work pieces of polycrystalline magnetron-sputtered Co films were subjected to ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$ bombardment in vacuum at different ion fluences in the presence of magnetic field ${H}_{ib}$ applied along different in-plane directions. Ion irradiation at a certain fluence range results in films with easy-magnetization directions parallel to that of ${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{ib}}$. Moreover, the same holds for posterior sequential irradiations. The films' hard-magnetization axes are always collapsed, accompanied by significant RCO as well. The analysis and interpretation of our data strongly indicate that both hard-axis collapse and RCO result predominantly from a domain splitting when the measurement magnetic field is nearly perpendicular to the grain's easy axis during demagnetization.

TRAUMA THEORY IN MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT’S MARIA

Maria: or, The Wrongs of Woman, asserts and protests strenuously against the rigid laws that enslave women. The piece of work sheds light on the prevailing morality, which believes that chastity, repentance and submission should be the only virtues of women. Mary Wollstonecraft’s posthumous work is equipped with such powerful political statements. Maria’s character is nothing but a written defence against her oppressive and abusive husband’s misconducts against her. Wollstonecraft pens this feminist manifesto to denounce the numerous wrongs that are done to women. Her proclamation stands tall, demanding women’s right to be free of male oppression. In this research work, we would like to draw not only on the measurements of Maria: or, The Wrongs of Woman but also take a different path, focusing on a theme that is central to the novel and its feminist politics which has received little attention so far: trauma. The novel is a structuring of intertwined life events of suffering and ruptured relationships. We would here delve deep into the novel; the protagonist’s life events and the writer’s concerns through Trauma Theory.