Word-formation Models Research Articles

Проблема интерпретации окказиональных имен собственных в цикле стихов Т. Элиота «Популярная наука о кошках, написанная Старым Опоссумом» и повести Т. Пратчетта «Кот без дураков» и особенности их передачи в русскоязычных переводах

The paper addresses the ways of naming presented in T. S. Eliot’s poetic cycle and in T. Pratchett’s novella, which are humorous encyclopaedias about the life of cats. The aim of the paper is to determine the peculiarities in the approach to the creation of proper names in these works, as well as to identify the principles of their rendering in Russian translations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in developing a contrastive classification of proper names according to the ways of their creation and in comparing their translation variants. The work discusses in detail the ways of word formation used by T. S. Eliot and T. Pratchett and offers possible interpretations of cat names. In addition, the researchers note the difficulties that translators face and the translation techniques they resort to. As a result, the differences in the naming systems created by the authors and their functions are identified, which lead to differences in the ways of formation of occasional felinonyms. Thus, Eliot’s most frequent word-formation models turned out to be compounding and blending, which creates difficulties in interpreting and translating names into Russian, while Pratchett’s occasional names are either predicative constructions or short letter-sound complexes expressing the emotion of the owner, which allows using such translation practices as semantic development and variant correspondence.

Новые суффиксальные глаголы и формирование новых глагольных словообразовательных типов в русском языке XVIII века

The article deals with the problem of language neologization on the example of suffixal verbal neologisms. The author focuses on the dynamic aspect of studying the process of language neologization, in which it becomes possible to identify the dynamics of the interaction of word-formation types and their formation. Such an approach makes it possible to reveal the tendencies of the process of neologization both in a certain period of linguistic history, in the future, and in linguistic diachrony as a whole. The article considers the period of formation of the national literary language as one of the important stages of language history, since it is during this period that the language is replenished with a large number of neologisms represented by new formations and borrowings. Issues of the dynamic Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th century were used as the material of the study. An analysis of verbal neologisms of the 18th century made it possible to identify the most active functional-semantic fields of verbal vocabulary. A large group of new formations is made up of verbs with the general semantics of “action”, formed mainly according to the word-formation model with the suffix -i-. Most of the new verbal lexicon, characteristic of the period under study, is represented by verbs with the general semantics of “activity and behavior”, which were formed according to word-building models with suffixes -i-, -nicha- (-icha-), -stvova-. Within this verb group, word-formation variation is observed, which was due to the competition of word-formation models. One of the numerous groups of verbal vocabulary is the group of evolutive verbs, represented by both object verbs formed with the suffix -i- and subject verbs formed with the suffix -е-. It is noted that in the 18th century a new word-formation model with foreign language suffixes -ova- / -irova- / -izirova- was formed.

Языковые особенности немецкой терминологической системы маркетинга

The paper addresses the issues related to the study of the morphological and lexico-semantic structure of German-language terms in economic discourse, which contributes to a more complete understanding of the processes of term formation and the laws of their functioning in a specialised language. The research aims to give a comprehensive description of the German terminology that enables professional communication in the field of marketing. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the analysed vocabulary as a marker of a highly specialised discourse is studied in conjunction with purposeful pragmatic and socio-psychological actions, which allows it to be interpreted most fully taking into account certain cognitive processes, i.e. from the perspective of how such language definitions are perceived by the audience for which they are intended. Word-formation models of terminological notions are also considered. As a result of the research, it has been found that lexical units in professional discourse, being the means for naming complex notions, differ, on the one hand, in the maximum capacity of the content and, on the other hand, in the maximum recognisability and free reproducibility. This function is implemented primarily by multicomponent composite words, which, possessing nominative integrity and compressive potential, eliminate the syntactic cumbersomeness of sentences, conveying in a concise form the content of a professional text.

Структурно-семантические способы гендерного маркирования юридических терминов Великобритании и США

The aim of the study is to determine the structural-semantic ways of gender explication using the legal terminology of the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The paper sheds light on the concept of “gender” in the ordinary and legal sense, substantiates the legitimacy of the influence of the gender factor on the structure and content of legal terms and concepts, provides a detailed description of the linguistic means used for gender labelling of terms. The paper demonstrates the inextricable connection of law, language and gender through the texts of laws, legal definitions, legal discourse. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that using an integrated approach, the main mechanisms of gender labelling of a legal term have been identified for the first time: at the level of structure, namely through a word-formation model, through the formation of compound terms; at the level of meaning, namely through definition. As a result of the study, it has been found that gender is represented in the semantics and structure of legal terms in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The role of gender as a system-forming factor in the development of the Anglo-American legal terminology has been proved.

SOCIO-POLITICAL NEOLOGISMS OF THE XXI CENTURY: FEATURES OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING

From the point of view of the theory of neology, the processes of the formation of new words, the causes and prerequisites for their occurrence have not yet been studied in linguistics, in the end there is still no balanced clear definition of neologism. The very fact of registration of new words by lexicographers who are at the same time native speakers means that these words have passed the stages of entry and partial or complete assimilation in the language, namely: acceptualization and lexicalization in speech and language. On the slope of the last century, dynamic socio-political processes took place both in the international arena and within English-speaking countries. They continue today, certainly reflecting in the lexico-semantic system of the new socio-political vocabulary. This is evidenced by the emergence of a significant number of new words, syntagms, phrases, as well as lexicalized syntactic constructions, semantic derivation. Coverage of these issues and the transience of socio-political phenomena determine the relevance of the study of new words of socio-political content. This will contribute to a deeper knowledge of the multifaceted relations between language and society, an adequate perception of the structure and meaning of new words to achieve the most important goal of communication – mutual understanding. This research is an attempt to explore the creation of socio-political neologisms to determine the main productive word-building models, methods of their use and translation in the context of socio-political newspaper texts of the 21st century. The purpose of the study is to establish and analyze the ways of creating, functioning and translating neologisms in the English language journalistic discourse. The object of research are neologisms, the ways of their creation and functioning, and the subject is the ways of adequate translation of neologisms. Neologisms are words and phrases that mean a new concept or a new meaning for an already existing word. Taking into account the method of creation, neologisms are divided into: phonological neologisms; borrowings; semantic neologisms and morphological neologisms. The examples of socio-political neologisms analyzed in the research reflect the trends in the development of the word-forming system of the English language at the present stage. Their analysis allows us to conclude that at the present stage such types of coining new words as affixation (prefixation), reduction (abbreviations and shortenings), composition, blending, conversion are the most productive. Prefixation as a word-forming device is widely used in the English language due to the lack of endings as such. The levelling of case endings and the simplification of verb inflections led to deep lexical distinctions motivated by the use of prefixes. Prefixing is quite a powerful way of innovation, but it is inferior to reduction (abbreviations and acronyms) in frequency of use. A relatively new way of word formation – reduction, has reached a high degree of productivity due to the fact that the current media are trying to provide maximum information in the most compressed form to save time and space. The composite method of word-formation or word-composition occupies a significant place in the formation of English neologisms, its result is lexemes with diverse word-formation, structural and semantic characteristics, which in turn can serve as a derivational base for the creation of new composites. Currently, there is a tendency to increase compositional semantic structures in the English language. Blending is one of the most popular means of word formation in the English language. The bulk of modern research covers such areas as the field of information technology and advertising, because it is in these areas that the largest number of telescopic neoplasms are formed. Quite productive and common is the use of conversion in socio-political life. Conversion is referred to as an affixless way of word-building or even affixleless derivation. It consists in making a new word from some existing word by changing the category of part of speech, the morphemic shape of the original word remaining unchanged. Thus, the most productive models of the creation of neologisms are affixation, reduction, word composition, blending, conversion. The non-productive ways of modern English word formation include sound inheritance and repetition or reduplication. The study of the dynamics of the development of vocabulary was and is an important problem of linguistic science. This scientific exploration is an attempt to explore the ways of creating neologisms in the socio-political discourse presented in the language of the modern press; identify their main productive word-forming models, methods and forms of functioning in the context of socio-political newspaper texts of the XXI century. The research also establishes possible ways of translating neologisms into the Ukrainian language.

Slang of Figure Skating Fans in Russian Internet Communication

The article is devoted to the study of the sports slang features of figure skating fans in the modern Russian. The relevance of the study is due to the increased interest of domestic fans in figure skating, which was expressed in numerous author’s materials and comments on the Internet. The research was conducted on the material of the texts published on the Internet platform “Zen” for 2021—2022. The material includes 115 slang units. The main functions of modern sports slangisms in the sphere of “Figure skating” (nominative, expressiveevaluative, identifying, function of language economy) were studied. The main thematic groups of studied slangisms, represented by the names of sports competitions, programs and elements, figure skaters, athletes, coaches, ratings, fans / supporters, sports organizations are established. The main productive wordformation models of lexical elements of modern sports slang in the sphere of “Figure skating"” in Russian-language Internet communication are revealed. Conclusions are made that the most productive way of word formation of slangisms in the field of “Figure skating” are abbreviations of various types.

Arabic PPs in a Rooted Lexicon

We motivate a ‘rooted’ PP shell analysis of Arabic prepositional phrases, which takes into account the prepositional dual life, as a lexical root item and as a vocabulary word, projecting a lexical √P headed by the P root, and a functional pP headed by p, the syntactic case assigner. Moreover, PlaceP and PathP projections are motivated by differentiating locative and directional PPs, and AxPartPs represent the structure of adverbial spatial nouns (đ̣uruuf). It is shown that alternative analyses using a single source (or projection) of PPs are inadequate in dealing with prepositional polysemies, and their morpho-syntactic alternations or variations. A bifurcation analysis instead (distinguishing root syntax from category syntax) is motivated and implemented along the lines of distributive models of word formation, making use of the simplest composition operation Merge in both syntax and the lexicon.

Developing the skills of a word-formation analysis in Chinese students

This article is devoted to the problem of international students’ step-by-step study of Russian word formation basics. The article puts forward the suggestion that the study of the Russian word-formation features should initially be based on the linguistic structure of the student’s native language, in particular, Chinese. Taking into account the L1 characteristic features will allow the teacher to create a certain logic for presenting the linguistic material, to detect similarities and differences between the mother tongue and the target language. Thus, the understanding of the typological differences between the Russian and Chinese languages highlights the need to develop the skills for isolating morphemes in a word, especially the root morpheme, and only then to introduce tasks, focused on the assimilation of certain, primarily productive word-formation models, into the educational process. We propose to use stylistic comments when working with derivative words of productive word-formation types and to use graphs that allow the students to understand the mechanisms of word production in the Russian language. By gradually expanding the range of analyzed lexemes, we develop the skill of isolating derivational affixes, primarily regular ones, teach international students to determine the word–formation meaning depending on the nature of the generating basis, to see and explain semantic shifts in derived formations, contributing to a better understanding of the pair “derivational base” – “derivative”. Moreover, it will be a serious reason for expanding the students’ vocabulary. The presented analytical work on the word-formation material is supposed to be carried out taking into account the principles of clarity, consistency and structuring.

Lexical innovations of Moses Gumilyevsky in his Areopagitica translation of the 18<sup>th</sup> century

The article analyzes some lexical units (nouns) from the first Russian translation of Areopagitica, made in the 18th century by hieromonk Moses Gumilyovsky, which is of great interest from the point of view of the Russian literary language history of that period. These units are not recorded in lexicographic sources, but most of them are formed according to regular word-formation models of the Russian language. Some of them are structural calques or semi-calques of Greek equivalents. It is noteworthy that even when making a calque, Gumilyevsky tended to create a semantic translation. The purpose of the work is the lexical and word-formation analysis of such word usage. To achieve it, we classified the studied units in accordance with their representations in historical lexicographic sources. As a result of the fulfilled research, we have found that Gumilyevsky's new words are primarily nomina abstracta with the meaning of quality, less often of action (or its result) in accordance with the textual and genre affiliation of the treatise translated by him and its content features. Even within the framework of a small volume of the analyzed vocabulary, we have traced the main trends of Gumilyevsk’s translation as a whole: the translation of substantiates by suffix formations, the preference for names with the meaning of abstract quality and the semantically oriented transmission of the original text.

Редкие лексические единицы со значением лица в памятниках Казанского края XVI-XVII вв.

The aim of the study is to define the rare names with the meaning of a person from business documents of the Kazan region of the 16th-17th centuries based on word-formation and contextual analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the selection of lexical units that are not recorded in the historical lexicography of the Russian language. An analysis of the words chosen on the basis of this principle shows that a significant part of them are word-forming synonyms for lexical units fixed by historical dictionaries of the Russian language, some examples represent the phenomenon of word-forming homonymy. A number of names have a later fixation in historical lexicography, some names are dialectal in nature, and there was also one borrowing. In defining the semantics of these lexical units, in rare cases, the narrow context of their use in records matters. As a result, the significance of the genre affiliation of records for the lexical and derivational characteristics of the studied lexical units, as well as the importance of the regularity of word-formation models that were productive in that period, for defining their meaning was proved. The article introduces a number of new designations of a person into lexicographic circulation.

FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION MODELS OF ARABIC AND MAMLUK-KIPCHAK WORDS FORMATION OF (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ‘KITAB BULGAT AL-MUSHTAK’)

Waves of conquests, sweeping across Eurasia and devastating it, destroyed cultural wealth, including manuscripts, the surviving part of which was lost by time, and the other part is stored in different parts of the world. During the period of Soviet power, despite the development of science and technology in general, the history, culture, religion, and language of individual Soviet republics underwent strong fundamental changes. Nomadic culture was considered outside the written cultural heritage, sources in the original language, created by our compatriots in the Middle Ages, were not studied in the original, as a result, voids or incorrect information appeared on all the humanities of Kazakhstan. A huge part of the well-known Kipchak written monuments, made by medieval scientists in the Mamluk state in Egypt, dating back to the 13th-15th centuries, is still in the manuscript depositories of the Netherlands, Italy, France and Turkey. This is a complex of lexicographic and grammatical works, representing the primary source in the study of the history of modern Turkic languages, in particular Kazakh, the reconstruction of its phonetic, morphological and lexical systems. In this research, dedicated to the medieval manuscript of the 14th century “Kitab bulgat al-Mushtaq”, a comprehensive study is planned, consisting of the acquisition of the manuscript or the production of a copy, transfer to the archive and library fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan, translation and careful study of the lexical composition of the entire work. With an extended lexical analysis of the monument, where the vocabulary of the language will be formed, consisting of key words and terms, phrases and term combinations, stylistically colored words, words in a figurative sense, phraseological units, dialectisms, synonyms, homonyms, particles linking sentences, paragraphs, etc. The word-formation analysis will help to demonstrate the potential of the language, the possibilities of word formation, the most productive and active word-formation models of the Arabic and Mamluk-Kipchak languages. Keywords: Arabic, Mamluk-Kipchak, word formation, Ishtikak, medieval manuscript

Лексикални пластове в творби на Илия Волен

Iliya Volen is among the Bulgarian wordsmiths with a moderately conservative and philosophically rational approach to the native language and its lexical toolkit. He places the “wordˮ at the centre of the idyllic-pastoral, socially reactive and realistic-fatalistic works of art he creates. Therefore, the study of lexical layering as constructs for building full-blooded images and forms is key to reading the writer's idiolect. The article focuses on the lexicon at the genealogical macrolevel and micro level. The following are marked: dialectisms, foreign words and colloquial vocabulary; hapaxes, semantic transponents and author's neologisms are analyzed. The results of the research are: placing the literary- colloquial Bulgarian language as a foundation, in which archaisms, verbs, adjectives and substantives from the Western Bulgarian area are balanced and assimilated; they are intertwined with rare words and occasionalisms; semantic modification of existing concepts; abstracting from foreign words. The word-formation models that Iliya Volen prefers for neolexis are: monoroot words and rarely composites, (poly)prefiguration, suffixation, deverbatives – original participles, occasional methods – metaphorization, substitution, etc.

ПОХІДНЕ СЛОВО В ПОЕТИЧНОМУ СЛОВНИКУ ПЕТРА КАРМАНСЬКОГО: ПРИКМЕТНИКОВІ ТА ДІЄСЛІВНІ ДЕРИВАТИ

У статті наголошено, що для всебічного осягнення художньої манери та особливостей мови західноукраїнського поета Петра Карманського актуально дослідити його лексикон загалом та похідні одиниці цього лексикону зокрема. Увагу зосереджено на аналізі словотвірної структури прикметникових та дієслівних дериватів, виокремлено найпродуктивніші словотвірні схеми, за якими вони змодельовані, увиразнено їхні стилістичні функції.

WORD-BUILDING MORPHONOLOGY OF THE DEVERBATIVES IN THE WORKS OF M. KIDRUK

The article deals with the specifi city of the deverbatives in the word-formation and morphonological aspect based on M. Kidruk’s prose works; the derivational means, the word-formation models and morphonological models of the verbal derivatives of the author are identifi ed. The main feature of M. Kidruk’s language material is high intellectualism, coupled with the linguistic realism. The writer’s idiostyle is a system of the language means formed as a result of the creative use of the linguistic phenomena in Ukrainian. The main aspects of the individual style of the writer such as the deeply moving narrative, dialogues, naturalness, clarity of presentation are shown. The specifi ity of the language organization is defi ned, active word-formation resources and accompanying morphonological processes are described in the nomination of fragments of the modern Ukrainian-language picture of the author’s world, word-formation and morphonological features of the deverbatives in the prose works are determined, word-formation means and morphonological models of the verbal derivatives are highlighted in the works of the author in the stylistic aspect as means of stylistic expressiveness. It has been established that the deverbatives of the substantive block used in the prose works of M. Kidruk indicate the names of the persons, objects of the abstract names, indicated action and they belong to the productive linguistic units. The nouns for naming the abstract action and the result of the action are characterized by the lower productivity. It has been revealed that for the verbal derivatives of the substantive block, the following morphonological phenomena, such as the verbal ending, consonant alternation (P//P1 (the alternation of the labial and labial + l, C//C), the alternation due to the infl uence of the ancient suffi xal phoneme j, the alternation of the linguistic dental consonants with the pre-dental hushing sound), C//C ‘(the alternation of hard consonant with the palatalized phoneme), C’//C (the alternation of palatalized with the hard consonant phoneme) and the vocal (V//V) alternatives, the shift of accent are applied.

On the Activation of One Word Formation Model in the Context of a Special Military Operation in Ukraine

The article examines the semantics and functioning of abstract procedural nouns with the prefix de- in modern media. The activation of this word — formation type was stimulated by two key terms used during the special military operation conducted in Ukraine — demilitarization and denazification. Contexts involving a number of common words and neoplasms with this prefix are investigated. It is shown that the prefix de- in the composition of derived words constructs a description of the modern complex political situation, manifesting the meaning of the annulment of everything that formed the established basis of the former world.

Corpus-Based Analysis of French and English Neologisms in Media Discourse

Language development is an ongoing process, and changes occur at all levels of the lan-guage. This article discusses the changes in the lexical composition of French and English, namely neolo-gisms. Media discourse was chosen as the material for the study because it is characterized by a high dyna-mism of changes and reflects, interprets many new phenomena of objective reality, with new language struc-tures used to describe them. The study was based on linguistic data from Néoveille and WebCorp platforms. In addition to quantitative and distributive methods, a qualitative and component analysis of neologisms was applied to their word-formation models and connotations. In 2022 the most frequent neologisms in French were personnes-années, demies-journées, grande-reporters, and tout-mots, in English –liveaboard, micro-mobility, effective altruism, and tomato flu. Additionally, some neologisms were analyzed in context. In 2022 metaphorical neologisms were found to be more common in English than in French. Neologismsap-pear more often in contexts that are related to technology and politics. Based on the study, lists of the most common neologisms were compiled, which can be used in the teaching of foreign languages at high levels. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to further study neologisms that appear in different languages and the ways of detecting them in various texts because, despite the high level of development of the tools of computational and corpus linguistics, their methods and tools still have limitations and shortcomings that require an expert assessment of the results obtained.

Features of word formation of new vocabulary in English

Word formation is a branch of linguistics in which the ways of forming words of a language are studied. By studying word formation, one can understand the means of enriching the language as a whole. After all, the language we speak is constantly changing, everything that happens in society is reflected in the language through new words and word meanings, and the main source of the appearance of new words in the language is word formation. This article is devoted to the study of word-formation models in the English language. The article contains information about the main word-formation models in the English language, their problems, features and classifications. In addition, this article discusses a new vocabulary, which is constantly replenished by all modern languages due to the intensive development of all spheres of human activity. In this case, English is no exception, and among the many sources that fix neologisms in this language. The focus is on the aspect of word formation of neologisms, namely all the traditional ways: affixation, word composition, reduction and conversion. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the word composition occupies the first place in productivity, reduction – in the second, affixation – in the third, conversion – in the last. This means that word composition has not lost its leading positions, and affixation and conversion have become less common. It is interesting to note the continued productivity of the following word composition and conversion models. In affixation, prefixes of Latin origin were the most frequent, as well as such suffixes. Also, this article is an analysis of the main scientific concepts that reveal the essence of the theory of word formation: its place in the language system. The area of controversial issues concerning the morpheme as the main unit of word formation is outlined. The author focuses on a comprehensive approach to the theory of word formation in projection on the practice of word analysis.

Problems of spelling prefixes and suffixes in the “Ukrainian orthography” of 2019

The article analyzes some rules for writing prefixes and suffixes, presented in the new edition of “Ukrainian Orthography” in 2019, which appear to be debatable. In particu­lar, comments and suggestions concern spelling innovations that distinguish this edition from the previous ones: variant writing of allomorph prefixes apxi– / архи-; elimination of agentive suffixes –чик (-щик); spelling of derivatives with the suffix –ив-(-о); recom­mendations on the use of suffixes to create feminine counterparts to male names; ten­dencies to eliminate foreign language components in adjectival suffixes –ичи-(-ий), –ічн-(-ий) [(-їчн-(-ий)], etc. It is proposed to expand the list of prefixes, the transmis­sion of which will be regulated by spelling, and with respect to individual formants it is expressed a caveat to refrain from codification measures until their full usualization. In particular, it was noted that the prefix архи-, borrowed into the Ukrainian lan­guage long ago from Greek through Church Slavonic as part of the Christian religious vocabulary, has a long tradition of pronunciation with [и], and therefore the fixation of the variant архі– in the spelling, which appeared in newly formed derivatives and in an­cient words under the influence of the Russian pronunciation of Church Slavonic texts is impractical. The suffixes –чик (-щик), removed from the spelling, obviously in the agentive sense, although the rule regulates the writing in them and, it is advisable to return them to the spelling, because the suffix –чик is a productive diminutive suffix, and in the agentive sense it helps to avoid homonymy (підрядчик — підрядник) and functions in words that are not used with another suffix (bratchyk, nebizhchyk). In the rule governing the use of the suffix –ив-(-о) –yv-(-o) it is necessary to return the lexeme мариво (previously — with the allomorph –ев-(-о) марево) removed from it as one that demonstrates a tendency to unification with the formations of the corre­sponding word-formation model. Recommendations on the elimination of foreign language components in adjectival suffixes, –ичи-(-ий), –ічи-(-ий) [(-їчи-(-ий)] as an example of renormalization and the rule on suffixes for creating feminine correlates to male names as such, that potentially codifies this latest derivational process itself, we consider premature in view of the in­completeness of the usualization of the corresponding linguistic phenomena. It is also proposed to expand the list of prefixes whose transmission will be regu­lated by spelling (in particular, foreign language де-, дез-, дис-, ди– (ді-), as well as parts of foreign words that are not prefixes: їре-, їри, їрі-, etc.). Keywords: Ukrainian orthography, spelling of prefixes and suffixes, feminine forms, adjecti­val suffixes.

The native-borrowed paradigm in the linguistic terminology of Yury Shevelyov

The article is devoted to analysing the terminology of the linguistic works of the famous Ukrainian linguist Yury Shevelyov (Sherekh). The author clarifies the ratio of native and borrowed elements in linguistic terms representing different language levels. The article takes into account the authorʼs manner of introducing terms and their borrowed equivalents into scientific texts. The frequency of use of Ukrainian terms and their borrowed counterparts has been determined. The article characterizes and classifies specifically Ukrainian and borrowed terms, considering their belonging to different language levels. The author outlines a number of linguistic terms that differ from their modern equivalents established in linguistics. Within the terms atypical for a contemporary, the author highlights terms to denote concepts of phonetics and characteristics of sounds, graphic and punctuation marks, concepts of syntax and types of sentences, in particular, word structure, groups of words, grammatical categories, ways of word formation, etc. According to the results of the research carried out on the material of Yury Shevelevʼs linguistic papers within terms with borrowed components, the author singles out terms with a component expressed by a noun (дублет, формант, еквівалент, etc.) and an adjective (атрибутивний, дублетний, релевантний / ірелевантний, контамінований, експіраторний, номінативний, пейоративний, препозитивний постпозитивний, релятивний, секундарний, фіктивний, etc.). In general, the terminology of Yury Shevelevʼs linguistic papers testifies to the famous linguistʼs desire to give preference to specifically Ukrainian terminological word forms. The terms of Ukrainian origin in his scientific idiostyle dominate in the designation of phonetic phenomena and sounds, word components, ways of word formation, parts of speech, their groups, cases and meanings, and types of simple and complex sentences. Instead, borrowed models of word formation represent nominations of groups of words according to various features and terms to denote language processes. Yuriy Shevelyov prefers the borrowed terms, denoting artistic tropes, stylistic figures and techniques. The author concludes that the largest number of terms atypical for modern linguistics are terms used to denote the concepts of phonetics, grammar, graphic and punctuation marks. Keywords: linguistic term, scientific idiostyle, specific / borrowed word, synonymous term, foreign equivalent of the term.

Buzzwords as reflection of transformational processes in English lexical system in 2020-2023

This article delves into the most prominent transformations of the English lexical system within the period of 2020-2023. These transformations, on the one hand, reflect the unprecedentedly rapid changes in today’s reality; on the other hand, they contribute to certain trend formation in the global public opinions and in a way stimulate social, political and economic processes due to information richness of the up-to-date media landscape, as well as the large-scale engagement of English speakers in global processes. The present research analyses the changes that have been taking place in the lexical system of English business discourse as illustrated by the top words/phrases and buzzwords of 2020-2023 selected by the Global Language Monitor portal, the leading British, American and Australian dictionaries, including business lexis attributed to the language system. The article provides a comparative analysis of buzzwords discourse parameters observed at two stages of the said time period, i.e. 2020-2021 and 2022-2023. Besides, the authors look into: - the new lexical units which have gained popularity at each of the two stages, - the buzzwords that were popular in 2020-2021 but got out of active use in 2022-2023, - the most productive word formation models of contemporary English. In conclusion the authors outline the main evolutionary trends in the English lexical system and the evidence of anglophones’ frame shifting tendencies within the four year period.