Новые суффиксальные глаголы и формирование новых глагольных словообразовательных типов в русском языке XVIII века

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of language neologization on the example of suffixal verbal neologisms. The author focuses on the dynamic aspect of studying the process of language neologization, in which it becomes possible to identify the dynamics of the interaction of word-formation types and their formation. Such an approach makes it possible to reveal the tendencies of the process of neologization both in a certain period of linguistic history, in the future, and in linguistic diachrony as a whole. The article considers the period of formation of the national literary language as one of the important stages of language history, since it is during this period that the language is replenished with a large number of neologisms represented by new formations and borrowings. Issues of the dynamic Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th century were used as the material of the study. An analysis of verbal neologisms of the 18th century made it possible to identify the most active functional-semantic fields of verbal vocabulary. A large group of new formations is made up of verbs with the general semantics of “action”, formed mainly according to the word-formation model with the suffix -i-. Most of the new verbal lexicon, characteristic of the period under study, is represented by verbs with the general semantics of “activity and behavior”, which were formed according to word-building models with suffixes -i-, -nicha- (-icha-), -stvova-. Within this verb group, word-formation variation is observed, which was due to the competition of word-formation models. One of the numerous groups of verbal vocabulary is the group of evolutive verbs, represented by both object verbs formed with the suffix -i- and subject verbs formed with the suffix -е-. It is noted that in the 18th century a new word-formation model with foreign language suffixes -ova- / -irova- / -izirova- was formed.