Women In Ukraine Research Articles

European integration of women before and during the martial law in Ukraine

Summary. The purpose problem of social and legal protection of women, both in Ukraine and around the world, was and remains blatant and requires constant intervention and regulation. Women around the world regularly become victims of domestic violence, and the majority of cases of violence are kept silent by women for various psychological reasons, which make it impossible to provide them with help from qualified social services, psychologists and rehabilitation specialists. The most terrible thing in such situations is that often children also suffer from domestic violence in the family. They may experience both physical abuse from the abuser and psychological trauma from the abuse of their mothers. The quarantine caused by COVID-19 has led to an increase in the number of appeals by women to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine with complaints of domestic violence. The number of requests at the beginning of 2020 increased by 48% compared to the indicator of 2019. The introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine, unfortunately, did not improve these statistics too much; women continue to suffer from domestic violence. The international agreement of the Council of Europe on violence against women and domestic violence (hereinafter – the Istanbul Convention), opened for signature in Istanbul (Turkey) in 2011, ratified by Ukraine on June 21, 2022, is intended to solve this issue and bring Ukraine closer to the European level of solving this problem. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to obtain evidence and specific data about the level of prevalence of violence against women in Ukraine, about the context of violence and risk factors related to individual individuals, the level of Ukraine’s approach to the European level of overcoming domestic violence. As a methodology, the method of sociological surveys, the method of psychological analysis and statistical research methods were used. The scientific novelty of the research results is that the article analyzed the current state of manifestations of domestic violence in Ukraine, the reasons for the deterioration of the situation with domestic violence due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine, analyzed the consequences and significance of Ukraine’s ratification of the Istanbul Convention, possible prospects improving the protection of the rights of Ukrainian women both within our country and abroad. The conclusions obtained as a result of the conducted research give reasons to believe that Ukraine is currently approaching the accession to the EU in terms of the level of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms. And, mainly, this happens thanks to the European integration of Ukrainian women and the strengthening of the protection of their rights and freedoms by national legislation in ways and measures similar to European ones.

European integration as a way to overcome violence against women in Ukraine

European integration as a way to overcome violence against women in Ukraine

LEGAL VALUE OF WOMEN IN UKRAINE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES

This article examines the content of the legal value of women in Ukraine during the Middle Ages. It is proved that the idea of the value of women in Ukraine in the XI – first half of the XIV century was based on theocentrism with marked anthropological and axiological elements. It was found that the content of different types of legal status of women is characterized by equality of personally free groups to which women belonged, giving her broad personal and property rights, value of her life, honour, dignity, freedom, high social and legal status of women. It is substantiated that the understanding of the value of women in Ukraine in the second half of the ХІV – first half of the ХVІІ century compared to the notions of her value in the previous days evolved towards the dominance of anthropocentrism with axiological elements. It is established that the transition from the first ideas about the legal value of women in the XI – first half of the XIV century to its understanding in the second half of the XIV – first half of the XV century was influenced by both Renaissance ideas and ideology of privileged segments of the population. Understanding of the legal value of women in this period was clearly reflected in the legal status of various groups. It is proved that the understanding of the value of women in the second half of the ХVІІ–ХVІІІ centuries was based on anthropocentrism in combination with axiological elements. At the same time, in the second half of the ХVІІ–ХVІІІ centuries, the structural components of anthropocentrism changed and the notion of the “reasonableness” of the individual came to the fore. It is substantiated that the transition from understanding the legal value of women in the second half of the ХІV – first half of the ХVІІ century to understanding the concept of “legal value of women” in the second half of the ХVІІ–ХVІІІ century was influenced by a number of factors: ideas of the Enlightenment, humanism, some of which were reflected in historical and legal notes, legal customs of the Ukrainian people, which enshrined the love of freedom, equality, social justice, the ideology of the privileged sections of the population, which became the dominant state of society in the late ХVІІ–ХVІІІ centuries.

ANALYSIS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE LARYNX IN UKRAINE AND LVIV REGION IN 2010-2019 YEARS

Aim. Analysis of the epidemiological block of the model of early detection and prevention of laryngeal malignancies.
 Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the larynx among the population of Ukraine and Lviv region for ten years (from 2010 to 2019). Statistical data of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine were used. The following methods are used in the work: medical-statistical analysis, system approach, and structural-logical analysis.
 Results and Discussion. The primary incidence of laryngeal cancer among the population of Ukraine decreased by 6% (from 5 cases per 100,000 population in 2010 to 4.7 cases per 100,000 population in 2019). In Lviv region, there was an increase in the level of primary morbidity by 12.3% (from 5.7 cases per 100,000 population in 2010 to 6.4 cases per 100,000 population in 2019). In 2010-2019, the mortality rates from laryngeal cancer in Ukraine and Lviv region were in the range of 2.7-3.1 and 2.8-4.6 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. The proportion of men with newly diagnosed laryngeal cancer was 94.4-95.8%, and women - only 4.2-5.6%. Analysis of sex and age incidence of laryngeal cancer in Ukraine in 2019 showed that the highest rates among both men and women were in the age group of 60-74 years. The proportion of patients with stage IV laryngeal cancer in Ukraine in 2010 and 2019 was 10.2% and 15%, respectively. A similar indicator in the Lviv region in 2010 was 12.6%, and in 2019 - 20.8%. Mortality up to one year from among newly diagnosed patients in 2019 in Ukraine was 25.1%, and in Lviv region - 23%. In Ukraine in 2019, the proportion of patients detected at professional examinations was 11.2%, in Lviv region - only 0.7%.
 Conclusion. The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the larynx among the population of Lviv region during the study period was higher than the national. There was a tendency to reduce the death rate from laryngeal cancer in both Ukraine and Lviv region. In men, laryngeal cancer is more common than in women in Ukraine and the Lviv region. The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the larynx is highest among people 60 years and older. There was a low proportion of patients identified during preventive examinations, as well as high mortality rates up to one year from diagnosis and neglect of the malignant process.

Соціально-економічний вплив пандемії COVID-19 у контексті державної політики реалізації Глобальної цілі сталого розвитку № 5 “Гендерна рівність”

Досліджено соціально-економічний вплив пандемії COVID-19 у контекстідержавної політики щодо досягнення реалізації Глобальної цілі сталого розвитку № 5 “Забезпечення гендерної рівності, розширення прав і можливостей усіх жінок та дівчат” в Україні. Проведено опитування у Дніпропетровській області України, на яке виносились три блоки запитань: про потреби жінок; про вплив пандемії на їх економічний та соціальний добробут; про їх здатність впоратись із ситуацією та стати “агентами змін”. Узагальнено п’ять основних cоціально-економічних факторів впливу пандемії COVID-19 на громади й на громадян. Доведено, що під час пандемії COVID-19 жінки більше піддаються випадкам фізичного та економічного насильства. Виявлено, що для виходу з кризової ситуації респондентки готові знаходити рішення, базуючись на власних можливостях, вдаючись до самонавчання, оволодіння новими навиками, долучення до громадянської і політичної діяльності тощо.

Means of Individual Counteraction to Domestic Violence against Pregnant Women

Violence against a pregnant woman affects not only her but also the child, the woman is unable to resist properly. The purpose of the study was to develop the universal means of individual counteraction to domestic violence against pregnant women. The research work was carried out in stages based on the logic of the presentation of the material to achieve the goals and objectives that are set in the article. The study used statistics on domestic violence against women in Ukraine. The authors used the methods of selection and sampling, the method of systematic and pragmatic approach, the method of descriptive statistics. The main results of the study are: comparison of statistics on cases of domestic violence against pregnant women in certain countries; identifying types of domestic violence against pregnant women and its possible consequences for the health; establishing the causes of latency for domestic violence; determining the range of individuals that a pregnant woman can apply to in case of domestic violence; offering generalized tools of counteraction to domestic violence at the state level. It is suggested that the main means of individual counteraction to domestic violence against pregnant women are overcoming silence about such cases; overcoming the legal nihilism; information direction of work, which should consist the explaining to a pregnant woman what domestic violence is and the algorithm of response to it; preventive work with pregnant women and men; establishing compliance of state legislation with international regulations; legislative regulation of actions of medical workers in case of detection of the fact of domestic violence against a pregnant woman. Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

COMPARISON OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, CORTISOL AND INTERLEUKIN-6 DYNAMICS AFTER BREAST SURGERY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA, OR GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN COMBINATION WITH PECTORAL BLOCK, OR GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN COMBINATION WITH THORACIC PARAVERTEBRAL BLOCK

Modern anesthesiologic coverage and support has its one of the main goals to decrease a surgical stress response of the patient after surgery. It is very important especially in cancer patients. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women in Ukraine. The thoracic paravertebral block is widely used for analgesia of breast surgery by decades. In recent years, novel miofascial blocks, such of them ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block type II, have become a very popular anesthesiologic technique in addition to general anesthesia for breast surgeries. A precise impact of these new methods of analgesia on the surgical stress response remains to be discovered.
 The goal of the research: to investigate surgical stress-response of the breast cancer surgical patient after Pectoral nerve block, Paravertebral block, or general anesthesia.
 Materials and methods. This is single center, prospective study. Ninety-one women after an elective mastectomy or quadrantectomy with axillary nodes dissection were included. Depending on the method of anesthesia, patients were randomly divided into three groups. The General Anesthesia group (GA) — only general anesthesia, PB group — general anesthesia plus pectoral nerve block type II with ropivacaine 0.375% 30 ml and PVB group — general anesthesia plus thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine 0.5% 20 ml. All blocks were performed under ultrasound control. The plasma levels of CRP, IL-6 were measured before and 24 hours after surgery. The plasma level of Cortisol was measured before surgery, 0 and 24 hours after. Postoperative pain was evaluated using the Numerical rating scale (NRS) at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after surgery.
 Results. The initial (preoperative) levels of biomarkers were equal in three investigation groups. Immediate after surgery Cortisol level decreased in PB and PVB groups to 267 (182- 416) nmol/l and 311 (196-378) nmol/l respectively and increased in GA group to 355 (246-483) nmol/l, but without statistically significance (р=0.132). The day after surgery Cortisol’s level was: 340 (253-381) nmol/l; 314 (231-416) nmol/l and 339 (228-398) nmol/l respectively (р=0.678).
 The day after surgery C-reactive protein was statistically significant lower in blocks groups. It was achieved in GA group 83.0 (51.3-94.0) mg/l, PB group – 51.9 (36.1-79.5) mg/l, PVB group – 61.7 (25.6-73.9) mg/l (р=0.062).
 In a day after surgery the highest level of IL-6 was observed in the GA group, then in the PB and PVB groups: 29.5 (16.9-33.1) pg/ml, 22.2 (11.5-31.6) pg/ml and 16.8 (14.0-19.5) pg/ml respectively (р=0.002).
 Statistically significantly lower NRS pain scores were observed in the PB and PVB groups compared with the GA group in 1, 2, 6 and 24 hours after surgery.
 Conclusion. Analgesia with both pectoral nerve block or thoracic paravertebral block compared to general anesthesia alone for breast cancer surgery is associated with lower postoperative levels of CRP and IL-6, which suggest about decreasing stress-response to the surgery.

Forgotten Stories of Women: Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma of Holodomor and Holocaust Survivors’ Offspring

The aims of the study were to examine intergenerational effects of two cultural contexts of massive genocide: the Holodomor 1932-1933 in Ukraine, and the Holocaust 1939-1944 on the second and third generations of women in Ukraine and Israel. Forty women participants were recruited for four focus groups, two in each country, comprised of 10 participants each, using a snowball method in both countries. The second-generation groups were named as “the mothers’ group”, and the third-generation group (comprised of daughters of the mothers’ groups) were named as “the daughters’ group”. Inclusion criteria for sampling were: (a) being female above 18 years old, and (b) having family experience of the Famine 1932-1933 / Holocaust during 1939-1944. The groups were moderated by two experienced psychologists in each of the countries. The participants were presented with seven semi-structured questions and were asked to share their family narratives and experiences of the genocide. The study applied inductive thematic analyses that progressed from description to interpretation, for key themes that emerged during the groups’ sessions. The results of the study showed the centrality of five emerging themes in both mothers’ and daughters’ narratives, including: “emotions and feelings of experiencing genocide, “attitudes toward food and starvation”, “sense of losses and death”, “transgenerational transmission of trauma in family narratives”, and “ethnic identity”. The cross-cultural perspective of the current research shed light on the similarities and differences between the traumatic narratives constructed by the offspring of the second and the third generations in the two contexts of Ukraine and Israel. The Ukrainian women attributed greater importance of commemoration of Holodomor victims as part of an effective coping strategy with trauma, while the Israeli women put more emphasis on the attitude of asceticism that was inherited from the Holocaust survivors. The cross-cultural clinical and educational implications are discussed.

Education behind bars and beyond prison: incarcerated women’s education aspirations and barriers in Ukraine

ABSTRACT The Constitution of Ukraine mandates that the complete secondary education be compulsory. While women have access to free secondary education in prisons, this constitutional requirement is not enforced across all prisons. Furthermore, higher education is not easily accessible in prison and is further fraught with challenges post incarceration. This qualitative research study draws on the conceptual framework of adult education motivations and barriers. Conducted in a minimum-security prison for women in Ukraine, it illuminates incarcerated women’s education experiences, post-secondary education aspirations, and barriers. The findings, derived from interviews with 21 women, four teachers, and eight staff, elucidate how incarcerated women downplayed the institutional, situational, and dispositional barriers. Instead, they focused on what I term ideological barriers. The study sheds light on the need to expand the framework of education barriers by including ideological barriers couched in the dominant neoliberal belief system of individual will and accountability.

Wdowie wioski czernihowszczyzny. Sytuacja wiejskich kobiet w Ukrainie

Problems with access to professional healthcare services have a negative impact on the health of women inUkraine’s rural areas. The pilot program of prevention of civilisational diseases focused on educating ruralwomen in providing first pre-medical aid and promoting a healthy lifestyle. The monitoring conducted withthe use of sociological quantitative methods in 3 villages of the Czernihiv region was supplemented within-depth autobiographical-narrative interviews based on the methodology of oral history. The interviewsand their analysis, which followed Fritz Schütze’s method, were aimed at obtaining a picture of theconditions underlying the everyday lives of rural women, the dominant hierarchy of social relations andtheir conceptual structure. The collected data was used to build a system of social support in the villages.A collective biographical profile of the interviewees emerges from the analysis of the interviews, makingexplicit within the course of their lives the following themes: hunger, childhood and youth, labour, family life,transformation of the political system in the 1990s. On this basis, biographical action schemes are proposed,as well as institutional action patterns, trajectories understood as experiencing the external coercion, andmore positive biographical transitions. The results indicate a decay of the traditional rural community,initiated by the oppressive system of soviet kolkhozs and completed through its transformation in the 1990s.

Retrospective assessment of fathers’ parental attitudes and attachment styles among young adult women in Poland and Ukraine

The aim of the study was to analyse the connection between retrospective assessment of fathers’ parental attitudes and attachment styles in close relationships of young adult women in Poland and Ukraine. Respondents completed Parental Attitudes Retrospective Assessment Questionnaire and Attachment Styles Questionnaire, both by Mieczyslaw Plopa. The study involved 116 women in Poland and 116 women in Ukraine. The results showed that women in Poland, were attached securely in their close relationships more often, when their fathers were accepting and autonomy-giving, and less overdemanding and inconsistent. Inconsistency, overdemandingness and lack of acceptance and autonomy of a father, conduced anxious-ambivalent attachment among their daughters. Avoidant attachment more often described women, whose fathers were inconsistent, rejecting and were not giving autonomy. Women in Ukraine were attached securely in their close relationships more often when their fathers were accepting, autonomy-giving, and overprotecting. Inconsistency of a father conduced anxious-ambivalent attachment among their daughters. Avoidant attachment more often described women, whose fathers were inconsistent and rejecting. The secure attachment style characterized more often women in Poland, and the avoidant one was manifested more frequently by women in Ukraine. Higher level of overprotection parental attitude was noticeable among women in Ukraine. The value of the studies undertaken, can be noticeable especially in the matters of developing conscious fatherhood in the contemporary family and among others in the functioning of partners in multi-ethnic relationships.

Pregnancy preeclampsia: the main stages of pathogenesis. An infuence into fetal organogenesis (literature review)

In the current article there is observed a serious problem of the development of preeclampsia (PE) at a level of severity among women in Ukraine. It is disassembled in the description of the main theories of the development of PE: allergic, hormonal and renal. So that it can be instilled in some types of diseases and the theory of cortical-visceral ailments, which is leading on the pink modern data.The study of cephalic changes to the pathogenesis of PE made it possible to see and describe the peculiarities of the structure of the placenta’s vessels with this pathology with an eye on the development of endothelial dysfunction; hormone-stimulating activity in the mother - placenta - fetus system. Statistically, persons are indicated in a hematoencephalic institution, they are seen in the organisms of fetuses from mothers from the stage of severity. All the above specialties are seen as far as the degree of severity of the PE. It has been shown that in fetuses from mothers and PEs in the later ontogeny, there may be a breakdown of the implementation and the main stages in the development of cells, uterus and uterine tubes. Moreover, there is a trend towards the development of the pathology of the organs of the statutory system in case of women, women of all types of mothers from the moderate and severe stage, as well as a great number of changes in the development of PE at a given birth.

Factors associated with experiencing sexual violence among female gender-based violence survivors in conflict-afflicted eastern Ukraine

BackgroundSince 2014, over 1.6 million people have been forcibly displaced by the conflict in eastern Ukraine. In 2014, 8% of reproductive-aged women in Ukraine had ever experienced sexual violence, compared to 5% in 2007. This increase was driven by non-domestic sexual violence. Our study examined characteristics of women in eastern Ukraine receiving psychosocial services following sexual violence compared to survivors of other forms of gender-based violence.MethodsIntake data collected between February 2016 and June 2017 by psychosocial service providers in five conflict-affected areas of Ukraine from women, aged 15–49, (N = 8525), was analyzed. Descriptive analysis and covariate adjusted logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to identify socioeconomic, incident and access to services factors associated with having experienced sexual violence compared to other forms of violence.ResultsAmong this sample of survivors receiving psychosocial services, 2.6% (n = 220) reported experiencing sexual violence. A majority of sexual violence acts reported were committed by non-domestic perpetrators (61.4%); followed by intimate partners (25.9%). Almost half of sexual violence cases occurred at home (49.1%). Experiencing sexual violence was positively associated with being younger, single and internally displaced, and negatively with engaging in unpaid labor, such as childcare. Women who experienced sexual violence delayed seeking care by 4 days compared to other gender-based violence survivors. Sexual violence survivors were less likely than physical violence survivors to have reported the incident prior to receiving care (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.28–0.54).ConclusionsNon-domestic and intimate partner sexual violence were both prevalent in our sample. Compared to survivors disclosing other types of gender-based violence, sexual violence survivors appear to face unique barriers to reporting and accessing timely care. Prevention and outreach programs tailored to the specific vulnerabilities, such as displacement status, and needs of sexual violence survivors in conflict settings are urgently needed.

АНАЛІЗ РИНКУ ТРУДОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ УКРАЇНИ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ СТАТИСТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ

The article analyzes the current state of the labor market of Ukraine using various statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and exploratory data statistics. It is statistical methods that have allowed us to more deeply identify existing trends and predict the dynamics of key indicators for the future with a sufficient level of adequacy. Some indicators have been studied for 30 years, but the main focus has been on labor market data for the last 5-6 years. Most of the identified trends have become and remain unchanged recently. In particular, when studying the structure of the population by sex and type of place of residence, it was found that most of the population of Ukraine lives in cities. There are almost half as many people living in rural areas. As for employment, in rural areas only a third of the population is employed, in cities also more than 2/3 of the population is recognized as unemployed. Confirming the existing stereotype, the number of women in Ukraine (on average by about 7%) exceeds the male part of the population and this situation has not changed over the past 30 years. Women in Ukraine are slightly more than 53%, while men make up 46% of country's permanent population. The most numerous are Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk regions and Kyiv. The least residents are in Chernivtsi and Kirovohrad regions. When studying the age of labor resources distinguish between average and median age. If the mean age of the population is the weighted arithmetic mean, calculated as a result of dividing the total number of man-years (at each age) by the total permanent population, the median age is the age that divides the population into two levels by size: one – the median age, the second – older. In general, it was found that the median age is slightly lower than the average and is 41,4 years in Ukraine. In a study of differences in mean and median age by sex, it was found that in both cases in men it is 1–3 years lower than in women. People live the longest in Chernihiv, Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the least long-lived in Zakarpattia, Rivne and Volyn. The identified trends should be of interest and taken into account by potential employers when planning the development of their business.

Клієнто-орієнтований дизайн в проєктній діяльності громадських організацій

The article considers the human-centered design in the project activity of public organizations. The paper reviews scientific works which cover the issues of the human centered design in the human activity. The purpose of the article is to study of the characteristics of the human-centered design in the project activity of public organizations, by specifying human-centered design and clarifying its components its components in accordance with the project format of activity of the public organizations. Theoretical methods of data collection and processing were used to achieve the goal and solve the tasks of the research: analysis, compare, systematization. Emphasized that human-centered design in the project activity of public organizations. is an innovative approach for public organizations to interact with clients: creation of goods, services, social entrepreneurship, social partnership activities. Defining the stage human centered design of for the project activities of public organizations: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test. Presented is the admission to the approach of the human-centered design in the project activities of the public organizations, on the application of the organization Pact Ukraine within the framework of the project «Women of Ukraine: Heard, Capable, Resilient project». The conclusions indicate that the use of human-centered design in the project activities of public organizations, first of all, characterizes the future project as unique and innovative, which is one of the basic characteristics of the project activity as a whole. The novelty of the study is to determine the content of human-centered design for project activities of public organizations and study the first attempts to practice the use of human-centered design in the development of the concept of project activities of public organizations.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ НАДАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПОСЛУГ В УКРАЇНІ В СФЕРІ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ

The article deals with the gender aspects of the problem of domestic violence. Domestic violence is researched as a phenomenon of social work. The content of the concept of domestic violence against women is analyzed. Today, state family policy is becoming one of the priorities of social policy in Ukraine. However, the family, including the Ukrainian one, in the modern world is in a state of crisis, which is manifested in a number of factors and destructive processes. In Ukrainian society, violence against women has existed for a long period. First of all, domestic violence should be distinguished, since this form of violence against women has always existed, but until recently it has not been recognized as a socio-psychological problem. The concept of domestic violence against women is closely related to such a phenomenon as aggression. In essence, violence is a form of aggressive behavior. Today, many problems have escalated, including social ones. These include the growing number of cases of violence against women. And the worst thing is that violence is seen only as causing physical harm, but violence can manifest itself in various forms, it is psychological, and emotional, and moral, and sexual, and even economic. The topic of violence against women has been elaborated more closely over the last three decades, but so far there is no universal idea of what to consider as violence; there are no clear criteria separating violence from non-violence. Violence prevalence statistics are considered low. The true magnitude of this phenomenon remains implicit because many victims are unable to differentiate the moment when family conflicts turn into overt manifestations of violence. Many authors say that violence is an interactive process. To explain it, the behavior of both parties must be taken into account. Consent and readiness for violence is the result of social learning, a socialization that is viewed in accordance with biographical experience. The general model of coordination work of services to overcome and prevent domestic violence against women in Ukraine has not yet been formed. This problem can only be resolved in close contact with law enforcement, health care, social development and education. Domestic violence cannot be considered a private matter for family members.

ASSESSMENT OF ACHIEVING TARGET BLOOD PRESSURE LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND HYPERTENSION

Purpose: To evaluate the achievement of target blood pressure (BP) level in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension who were under follow-up of cardiologists of the State Institution of Science «Research and Practical Center of Preventive and Clinical Medicine» State Administrative Department
 Materials and methods: We evaluated 1120 electronic medical records (medical software program “ESCUL’ap”) and carried out an analysis of target BP level’s achievement in 512 patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension who were under follow-up of cardiologists of the Therapeutic department of our institution and were reviewed by a cardiologist in 2019. The percentage of female patients was 30,1±2,0%. Patient`s age ranged from 37 to 91 years, the mean age was 72,1±0,4 years, 72,8±0,6 years in woman and 71,8±0,4 years in mans. We used statistical software programs (Statistica v. 6.0) and Microsoft Excel 2007 applications for data analysis. Categorical data were presented as absolute and relative (%) frequency. To enable comparisons, we calculated the mean value (M), and the the standard error of the mean (m). Student's t-test was used to compare the mean of data for groups.
 Results and discussion: According to data of the medical records the target level of BP (<140/90 mm Hg) was attained in 343 of 512 patients (67,0±2,1%) – in 70,1±2,4% of male patients and 59,7±4,0% of women (р>0,05). The highest rate of target BP achievement – 83,3±6,8% – was in 50-59 years old, the lowest – 61,5±3,2% – in 70-79 years old. Our results were significantly better than in the EUROASPIRE IV survey – according to the results of this study the target BP levels were achieved only by 38% of men and 47% of women in Ukraine and by 35% of men and 48% of women in other European countries.
 Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that 67,0±2,1% (70,1±2,4% of mans and 59,7±4,0% of women) of patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension who were under follow-up of cardiologists achieved the target level of BP (<140/90 mm Hg). These data confirms the effectiveness of the model of medical care for patients with hypertension, introduced in the State Institution of Science «Research and Practical Center of Preventive and Clinical Medicine» State Administrative Department

Соціально-демографічні аспекти становища жінок в Україні в світлі Конвенції ООН про ліквідацію всіх форм їх дискримінації (CEDAW)

This paper dwells upon the demographic features and some peculiarities of women’s social situation in Ukraine in the context of CEDAW’s requirements. It also reviews the implementation of these requirements in recent years. The study focuses on general issues (changes in the number of women and their age structure as well as the situation with gender statistics), the specifics of the marriage and family situation and health problems. Such trends are highlighted based on the results of the analysis: the fastest reduction rates of the number of women in working and reproductive age against the increase of the older women’s share; reduction of early nuptiality and adolescent fertility; not sustained decline of infant mortality, decrease of venereal morbidity. The latest changes in gynecologic cancer morbidity and mortality are ambiguous in Ukraine. The maternal mortality has begun to rise in recent years; cases of obstetric violence are common; the situation with HIV/AIDS is still unfavourable (and the share of women among AIDS patients increases). Now the improvement of the reproductive health of women in Ukraine is complicated by the absence of state social program on reproductive and sexual health. Due to a more significant share of elderly and other factors women have greater needs for medical care and social support, they are incredibly vulnerable to the current COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences. At the same time, women suffer, mainly due to the low accessibility of high-quality medical care in Ukraine. The paper also deals with gender statistics in Ukraine. The current state of gender statistics is analyzed, and some recommendations for its improvement are proposed in order to form a proper information basis for the development of policies in the field of elimination of discrimination against women in Ukraine.

Українське суспільство на початковому етапі української революції (березень – листопад 1917 р.): до питання політичної емансипації жінок в Україні

Стаття присвячена проблемі активізації політичної свідомості жіноцтва у Наддніпрянщині (Україні). На сьогодні вона є малодослідженою, однак важливою складовою декількох пов’язаних між собою тем, таких як: «жіноче питання» в Україні у ХХ ст., український жіночий рух у ХХ ст., український національний рух у ХХ ст., Українська революція 1917-1921 рр., а також політизація жіноцтва в Україні. Специфіка та значення даного процесу, що мав місце в житті українського суспільства у першій чверті ХХ ст., не втратили своєї актуальності й нині, тому його вивчення та популяризація може позитивно вплинути як на розвиток українського жіночого руху, так і на досягнення фактичного гендерного паритету у сфері публічної влади в Україні. Тож, враховуючи викладене вище, досліджений аспект теми має не лише наукове, суспільно-політичне, але й практичне значення.

ДОМАШНЄ НАСИЛЬСТВО ЯК ФЕНОМЕН СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ

The article deals with the gender aspects of the problem of domestic violence. Domestic violence is researched as a phenomenon of social work. The content of the concept of domestic violence against women is analyzed. Today, state family policy is becoming one of the priorities of social policy in Ukraine. However, the family, including the Ukrainian one, in the modern world is in a state of crisis, which is manifested in a number of factors and destructive processes. In Ukrainian society, violence against women has existed for a long period. First of all, domestic violence should be distinguished, since this form of violence against women has always existed, but until recently it has not been recognized as a socio-psychological problem. The concept of domestic violence against women is closely related to such a phenomenon as aggression. In essence, violence is a form of aggressive behavior. Today, many problems have escalated, including social ones. These include the growing number of cases of violence against women. And the worst thing is that violence is seen only as causing physical harm, but violence can manifest itself in various forms, it is psychological, and emotional, and moral, and sexual, and even economic. The topic of violence against women has been elaborated more closely over the last three decades, but so far there is no universal idea of what to consider as violence; there are no clear criteria separating violence from non-violence. Violence prevalence statistics are considered low. The true magnitude of this phenomenon remains implicit because many victims are unable to differentiate the moment when family conflicts turn into overt manifestations of violence. Many authors say that violence is an interactive process. To explain it, the behavior of both parties must be taken into account. Consent and readiness for violence is the result of social learning, a socialization that is viewed in accordance with biographical experience. The general model of coordination work of services to overcome and prevent domestic violence against women in Ukraine has not yet been formed. This problem can only be resolved in close contact with law enforcement, health care, social development and education. Domestic violence cannot be considered a private matter for family members