WO3 Nanocomposites Research Articles

Antibacterial and wound healing activity of non-thermal plasma treated and MXene (Ti3C2TX)/ WO3 coated cotton fabrics

In this study, MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/WO3 nanocomposite was directly deposited on the surface of non-thermal plasma treated cotton fabrics. Initially, argon was used as a plasma forming gas to treat the surface of cotton fabrics. Subsequently, the MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/WO3 nanocomposite was deposited on the surface of non-thermal plasma treated cotton fabrics by co-precipitation method. As prepared cotton fabrics were characterized by various characterization techniques that includes, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Contact Angle (CA) measurement. SEM and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/WO3 nanocomposite on the surface of cotton fabrics. In addition, contact angle analysis unveiled the super hydrophilic nature of cotton fabrics after surface modification. The antibacterial activity and the wound healing assay of the untreated and surface modified cotton fabrics were examined by in vitro analysis. Results unveiled that the surface modified cotton fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and substantial wound healing activity. From this investigation it is inferred that plasma treated and nanocomposite functionalised cotton fabrics have the potential to be employed as wound dressing material.

Development of a 1D-WO3 and CuO nanocomposite modified electrode for enhanced detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol

A common chlorinated phenol known as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was investigated electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The electrochemical investigation was carried out at 1D nanostructured tungsten dioxide (WO3) and copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanocomposite-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). The electrode's sensitivity was improved by the WO3/CuO nanocomposite, enabling investigators to more precisely measure the 2,4-DCP's electrochemical characteristics. The hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize the WO3 NPs. The XRD, AFM, SEM, and EDS techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposite and WO3 NPs. Numerous parameters have been studied, including pH, concentration variation, scan rate variation, and accumulation time. Samples of soil, fruits, and vegetables were examined using the fabricated WO3/CuO/CPE. In the concentration range of 7.0 × 10−8 M to 2.6 × 10−7 M, a linear relationship was established along with the lower limit of detection of 0.17 × 10−8 M and the limit of quantification of 0.57 × 10−7 M. The 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) of pH 10.4 increased the peak current, which contributed to the WO3/CuO/CPE sensor's sensing performance and was highly sensitive with respect to 2,4-DCP detection. Anodic peak current was observed for the WO3/CuO/CPE is at -7.45 µA whereas for unmodified CPE is at -1.31 µA. According to the findings, the nanostructured WO3 and CuO nanocomposite showed exceptional sensitivity in identifying the electrochemical characteristics and reactions of 2,4-DCP.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green using g-C3N5/WO3 nanocomposite: A Z-scheme charge transfer approach under visible light irradiation

The industrial use of dyes is harming natural ecosystems. Photocatalysis is a potentially useful method for addressing these kinds of environmental contaminants. The present study addresses the synthesis of a novel g-C3N5/WO3 Z-scheme heterojunction via the ultra-sonication method and the calcination method with the use of a triazole. The toxic dye, brilliant green (BG) was degraded by utilizing the prepared photocatalyst. The elemental composition, surface morphology and structureof the prepared g-C3N5/WO3nanocomposite were analysed using various techniques including XPS, PL, SEM-EDAX, HRTEM, and XRD. The average diameter of the g-C3N5/WO3 nanocomposite was found to be 44 nm using TEM. The optical properties were analysed using UV-DRS. The as-synthesized g-C3N5/WO3nanocomposite had a direct band gap of 2.27 eV, as determined fromTauc’s plot and demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic degradation efficacy for the elimination of the BG dye via the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). A degradation efficacy of 99.4 % within a short interval of time of 60 min was achieved by the prepared photocatalyst under various optimum situations. The rate constant of the photocatalytic reaction was calculated to be 0.05994 min−1 following a pseudo first order kinetics. Additionally, with an efficiency of90.17 %the photocatalyst can be recycled upto the fourth cycle. The current work accomplishes the goal of creating an innovative and effective photocatalyst that is responsive towards visible light.

Boosting visible-light photoelectrochemical water splitting response of WO3–MoS2 nanocomposites by transition metal doping: Experimental and first-principles studies

The current study employs both theoretical and experimental methods to investigate the effect of Ti and Co doping on the WO3 nanocomposite with MoS2 photoanode's photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting reaction. A simple hydrothermal and sol-gel method was adopted for the preparation of samples. The Ti-doped WO3–MoS2 (1.96 at %) sample showed the maximum optical absorption with a photocurrent density of 1.15 mA/cm2 at 1.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. The improvement in photocurrent density may be ascribed to the upward shifting of the conduction band edge towards the H+/H2 redox potential as well as the presence of a large number of active sites in MoS2. A high value of flat band potential of −0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl was achieved in Ti-doped WO3–MoS2, which was confirmed by Mott-Schottky measurements with the corresponding lowest charge transfer resistance at the semiconducting electrode/electrolyte interface. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations have also indicated that on doping WO3 with Ti and Co, there is a slight upward shift in the conduction band minimum, without any significant change in the valence band maximum, with respect to the Fermi level. This study provides new insight into the impact of transition metal doping and nanocomposite of chalcogenide materials for WO3-based PEC electrodes.

Investigation on Deterioration of Allura Red Dye Under Visible Radiation by TiO2 Based Nanocomposite

This current study is to prepare and characterise a Cu-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Cu-doped Titanium dioxide with Tungsten (WO3) nanocomposite and its application for the deterioration of Allura Red (AR) Dye. After preparing the Cu- doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with WO3 and Cu-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites using wet chemical Sol-gel method over various soaking times, the XRD, BET, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were used to determine the properties of the synthesized Copper-doped Titanium dioxide and Copper-doped Titanium dioxide with Tungsten nanocomposites. When Tungsten was added to Cu-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2), the X-Ray Diffraction showed that all of the composites' peaks shifted slightly in the direction of a higher diffraction angle. To evaluate surface area BET curve was used. The Copper-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2)/Tungsten (WO3) nanocomposite gives a significant photocatalytic activity because of its increased surface area. High surface area (BET) and anatase phase development (XRD), which are the main contributors to effective photocatalytic activity, were identified by the work's results. XRD revealed that the synthesised materials were in the anatase phase. Compared to CDT, CTW-15, CTW-30, and CTW-60 nanocomposites, the surface area (BET) of the CTW-45 nanocomposite is larger at 128.79 m2/g. By examining the kinetics of reaction parameters such as dopant concentrations, pH, catalyst dose, and dye concentration, the catalysts were able to determine the ideal conditions for improved photocatalytic degradation of Allura Red dye. At pH 4, dye concentrations of 5 mg/L, and CTW-45 concentrations of 100 mg/L, the percentage of AR dye degradation was greater. The findings of this study can be used to develop efficient nanocomposites that remove Allura Red dye from wastewater.

Structural and electrical conductivity studies of Polyaniline - WO3 hybrid nanocomposites for gas sensing applications

Abstract Conducting polymer – metal oxide based hybrid nanocomposites are a fascinating class of materials for miniaturized and flexible gas sensor devices. They exhibit enhanced physiochemical properties such as sensitivity, selectivity towards various volatile and hazardous chemical and bioanalytes. Our study focuses on conducting polyaniline (PANI) and WO3 nanocomposites, where different weight percentages (wt.%) of WO3 nanoparticles are embedded within the conducting PANI matrix using an in-situ oxidation polymerization synthesis technique. The surface morphology analysis indicated that the WO3 nanoparticles with an average grain size of ~200 nm are homogeneously distributed within the PANI nanofibers. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum analysis showed that the absorption peaks at 1111,1291, 1385, 1474, and 1560 cm−1 are typical of the conducting PANI emeraldine phase. We attribute the additional broad peak ranging between 840 to 720 cm−1 in the spectrum to WO3 phase, wherein, the intensity of the peak increases with WO3 content in case of hybrid composites. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for all our samples showed linear behaviour up to 1.2 volts. Temperature-dependent DC electrical conductivity (σ) studies measured from room temperature to 120°C for pure PANI, and PANI-WO3 composites showed an enhanced electrical conductivity of values up to 0.12 S/cm for PANI as compared to WO3 with σ ~ 1.4 x 10−3 S/cm. Pure PANI exhibits semiconducting behavior with an increase in electrical conductivity with temperature due to the charge carrier delocalization within the dispersed PANI backbone. The addition of higher concentrations of WO3 in composites leads to a metallic-like behavior, characterized by a decrease in electrical conductivity with temperature. These observations are attributed to the field-assisted band bending effects at the interfaces of PANI and WO3. Our composites show desired electrical characteristics suitable for gas sensing applications.

Room-temperature photooxidation of low-concentration coalbed methane to methanol over CuOx/D-WO3 combined with gas-solid-liquid interface: From pollutant to clean fuel

Direct transformation of CH4 in low-concentration coalbed methane (LC-CBM) to clean fuel methanol is a more sustainable route as industrial CH4 transformation is usually energy-intensive. Solar-driven photocatalysis with near-zero carbon emissions can activate and transform CH4 at ambient temperatures, whereas the reported methanol productivities of traditional solid-liquid photocatalysis are still far from satisfactory. Herein, amorphous CuOx decorated defective WO3 nanocomposites (CuOx/D-WO3) were first synthesized and used as full-spectrum responsive photocatalysts for selective oxidation of LC-CBM to methanol. Introducing oxygen vacancies endows CuOx/D-WO3 with near-infrared (NIR) response. Loading CuOx boosts the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and the generation of ·OH via H2O2 reduction by photoelectrons on CuOx sites, confirmed by photoelectrochemical characterizations and in-situ XPS. Under simulated solar light irradiation, CuOx/D-WO3 exhibited significantly promoted activity of CH4 oxidation compared with the counterpart D-WO3. Even under NIR illumination, the optimal 3.0 % CuOx/D-WO3 showed a methanol production of 1.57 mmol·gcat−1 with selectivity of 79.8 %. Furthermore, a gas-solid-liquid triphase interface was constructed by immobilizing hydrophilic 3.0 % CuOx/D-WO3 on superhydrophobic carbon fiber paper (CFP) to promote methanol generation through strengthening CH4 mass transfer. This triphase photocatalysis exhibited a methanol production of 25.42 mmol·gcat−1, which was ∼4 times higher than solid-liquid diphase catalysis. Methanol selectivity of CuOx/D-WO3/CFP triphase photocatalysis was up to 95.3 %. It was mainly due to enhanced mass transfer of CH4 from gas phase to photocatalysts layer through hydrophobic-hydrophilic wettability abrupt interface of CuOx/D-WO3/CFP, which could be evidenced by significantly increased ·CH3 radicals from in-situ EPR spectra. This work broadens the avenue toward cleaner and efficient utilization of LC-CBM in a sustainable way.

Investigations into the antifungal behavior of Cu-TiO2/WO3 nanocomposite against Aspergillus niger

Cu-doped TiO2 and Cu-TiO2/WO3 nano photo composites were synthesized using a sol–gel technique followed by a simple soaking method at different soaking times. The structural, chemical elements, morphology and optical properties of Cu-doped TiO2 and Cu-TiO2/WO3 nano photo composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, E-DAX) spectra, TEM and UV DRS respectively. The X-ray diffraction reveals that the average crystallite size of TCW0.75h nano photo composites is lower than all nano photo composites. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (E-DAX) was used to record the chemical compositions of the nano photo composites. TEM confirms the particles' actual sizes, their patterns of development, and the dispersion of the crystallites. UV DRS reveals that the absorbance peak of Cu-TiO2/WO3 nano photo composite exhibits a redshift when compared to TC nanocatalyst. Using Kubelka-Munk formulas and Tauc plots, the energy band gap of nano photo composites was calculated. The Aspergillus niger organism pathogen and the typical antifungal medication Nystatin antibiotic were used to investigate the antifungal activity of the prepared TC and TCW0.75h nanocomposites.

An Investigation on Characterizations and Application of Cu-TiO2/WO3 Nanocomposite for Degradation of Indigo carmine Dye

An Investigation on Characterizations and Application of Cu-TiO2/WO3 Nanocomposite for Degradation of Indigo carmine Dye

Sunlight assisted highly efficient photocatalytic remediation of organic pollutants by green biosynthesized ZnO@WO3 nanocomposite

The widespread use of toxic plastic additives in the plastics industry and dyes in various sectors has drawn scientific attention since their ability to leak from consumer goods raises environmental concerns. Plastic additives and dyes also have endocrine disruptor, genotoxic, and persistent properties that have been demonstrated. Herein, photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and Auramine O (AO) in water was investigated. Herin, the structural design of ZnO doped WO3 nanocomposite has been synthesized via facile precipitation and green synthesis methodology. Sharp PXRD peaks ensured that the spherical nanocomposite had great crystallinity and purity. XPS analysis, PXRD, and FE-SEM confirmed the effective doping of ZnO with WO3. Subsequently, ZnO@WO3 nanocatalyst was evaluated for the effective elimination of BPA and AO at variable reaction parameters (pollutant: 5–25 mgL−1; catalyst: 5–25 mg; pH: 5–9, dark-sunlight-artificial bulb). At neutral pH and in sunlight, ZnO@WO3 demonstrated maximal degradation of 5 mgL−1 of BPA (91%) and AO (96%) at a catalytic dosage of 15 mg. The yellow color of AO decolorized within 3 h, confirming the effective removal of AO. First-order kinetics followed by initial Langmuir adsorption constituted the degradation process. The presence of different radical quenchers (t-BuOH, p-BZQ, Na2EDTA) concluded that hydroxyl radical plays a significant role in the degradation of toxic BPA and AO—formation of safer metabolites after degradation of BPA and AO confirmed by LC-MS analysis. The efficiency of green fabricated ZnO@WO3 was also investigated in actual wastewater samples to remove BPA and AO. Nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable sustainability and cost-effectiveness by remaining effective for up to eight cycles without experiencing any appreciable activity reduction. A potential and different photocatalyst for industrial applications, green synthesized ZnO@WO3 nanocomposite has good surface properties.

Role of Deep Eutectic Solvent in the surface modification of Yttria based WO3 nanocomposite for application in Nanoarchitectonics

This work is emphasized on the synthesis of WO3:Y2O3 nanocomposite involving cetyl trimethylammonium bromide based Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES), for the rapid surface modification of the composite. DESs, being a new class of green solvents, are proved to bring about changes in size, morphologies and porous nature of the nanomaterials. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the diffraction peaks for both monoclinic WO3 and cubic Y2O3 in the composite material. The morphologies of the composite material were scanned using SEM and the EDS confirmed the elemental composition of the material. The BET adsorption isotherms proved that DES has played a crucial role in increasing the surface area and pore volume of the composite material. The optical properties were studied using the UV-DRS exhibiting a band gap value of 3.13 eV. The frequency and temperature dependent ac and dc conductivities and dielectric properties of WO3:Y2O3 were analyzed. Finally the electrochemical studies of the composite material show a specific capacitance value of 460 Fg-1 at a current density of 2 Ag-1 and also having the percentage capacitance retention of 79.29% for 3050 cycles.

High performing chemochromic hydrogen gas sensing using PVP encapsulated Pd: WO3 nanocomposites

This paper reports on a high performing hydrogen (H2) sensing technique that has a great importance in safe operation of H2 including production and storage. The developed H2 sensing nanocomposite is made of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) encapsulated Pd:WO3. The optimized amount of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles expedites achieving eye-readable chemochromic responses in presence of H2 gas, whereas the quasi-reversible property is obtained by the air passivation of PVP. The developed nanocomposite exhibits a high sensitivity and excellent selectivity toward H2 gas. As a result, it shows a rapid color change from brown to bluish-gray with a maximum ΔE value of 40.34 (at 100% H2) in 10 s. The changed color remains visible even after removal of H2 and keeping the samples in air for more than 24 h. More importantly, this quasi-reversible performance with rapid response (10 s) and elongated recovery (> 24 h) is repeatable for multiple cycles, which is achieved for the first time using Pd:WO3. The nanocomposite exhibits long-term stability over 30 days (at ambient condition), as well as performs efficiently at different temperature and humidity conditions. Moreover, the developed nanocomposite can be used as powders, inks, paints, or coatings on different substrates that highlights its efficacy for making multimodal H2 sensing platforms.

Plasma Synthesis and Characterization of PANI + WO3 Nanocomposites and their Supercapacitor Applications

In this work, an underwater impulse discharge initiated in polyaniline (PANI) aqueous dispersion between tungsten rods is applied to produce metal oxide nanoparticles and create polymer nanocomposites. The prepared materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD, FTIR, and TEM confirmed the presence of tungsten oxide particles in the final composite, while spectroscopic characterization revealed the interaction between the metal oxide and PANI. The results showed that the incorporation of WO3 into the PANI matrix could improve the optical bandgap of the nanocomposites. In addition, the electrochemical performance of the hybrid nanocomposites was tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). The results obtained indicated that the PANI + WO3 nanocomposite could be a promising candidate as an electrode material for high-power supercapacitor applications.

Boosting photocatalytic degradation of estrone hormone by silica-supported g-C3N4/WO3 using response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken design

In this article, we report on the preparation and characterization of silica-supported g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite with boosted photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of estrone hormone by using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with the Box-Behnken model to determine the synergistic effects of three independent experimental parameters (hormone concentration, solution pH, and photocatalyst dosage). The RSM results were consistent with the prediction model (R2 > 0.958 and 0.934 for UV and visible light irradiation, respectively). The optimized experimental test conditions were evaluated as follows: 3000 µg of photocatalyst dosage, 300 µg/L of hormone concentration, and pH 7. The hormone photodegradation efficiencies under these experimental parameters were 100% and 96% after 3 h of UV and visible light irradiation, respectively. Additionally, degradation kinetics (first-order, second-order, and intraparticle diffusion model), adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir), and antibacterial activity of the prepared sample were also examined. Radical scavenging tests were performed to elucidate the photodegradation mechanism and the existence of reactive oxygen species. The recyclability test showed that the efficiency remained above 75% after seven consecutive cycles. The results indicate that the RSM based on the Box-Behnken model is an excellent approach for determining optimized experimental parameters for specific degradation of estrogenic hormones.

Improved catalytic and bactericidal behavior with in silico molecular docking analysis of barium/chitosan doped tungstate oxide nanoplates

In this paper, hydrothermally prepared doping-dependent (barium-Ba and chitosan-CS) properties of WO3 nanocomposite were examined. Various concentrations of Ba (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) were systematically added into the binary system (CS-WO3) nanocomposite. Numerous intrinsic disadvantages of nanoplates as lower surface-to-volume ratio and rapid recombination rate significantly reduced the WO3 activities. To address these issues, Ba/CS was introduced as a dopant; CS encapsulates the WO3, which controls particle size and rapidly overcomes the recombination rate issues, resulting in improved catalytic and antimicrobial activity. The catalytic activity of WO3 and doped WO3 degraded the MB dye by 99.9% in the presence of a reducing agent (NaBH4) in acidic and neutral media. The zone of inhibition was determined (using a Vernier Caliper) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathogens at low and high dosages to test antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanostructures. These Ba/CS-doped WO3 nanoparticles have been proposed as putative inhibitors of the DNA gyrase and reeducate of the protein enoyl-acyl carrier (FabI) of E. coli by in silico docking investigation.

Cooperative coupling of photocatalytic production of H2O2 and oxidation of organic pollutants over gadolinium ion doped WO3 nanocomposite

This work reported the lanthanide ion (Gd3+) doped tungsten trioxide (Gd-WO3) nanocrystal for remarkable promoted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and simultaneous in-situ H2O2 production. With doped lanthanide ion (Gd3+), Gd-WO3 showed a much broad and enhanced solar light absorption, which not only promoted the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of organic compounds, but also provided a suitable bandgap for direct reduction of oxygen to H2O2. Additionally, the isolated Gd3+ on WO3 surface can efficiently weaken the *OOH binding energy, increasing the activity and selectivity of direct reduction of oxygen to H2O2, with a rate of 0.58 mmol L−1 g−1 h−1. The in-situ generated H2O2 can be subsequently converted to •OH based on Fenton reaction, further contributed to the overall removal of organic pollutants. Our results demonstrate a cascade photocatalytic oxidation-Fenton reaction which can efficiently utilize photo-generated electrons and holes for organic pollutants treatment.

Suitability of nanoparticles for gamma-ray applications

While measuring the relative gamma-to-electron conversion efficiencies of nanoparticles by incorporating them into plastic scintillator and comparing the number of counts in pulse height spectrum for gamma-rays from 241Am, WO3, and PbO nanocomposites offered lesser scintillation counts than their unloaded counterparts. As investigated, these nanoparticles absorb a major portion of outgoing electron energy such that exiting electrons turn incapable of scintillating the medium. This observation hints why only selected species of nanoparticles successfully enhance the gamma-counting efficiency of plastic scintillators.

Facile synthesis of novel poly(1H-benzoindole)/WO3 nanocomposites with enhanced energy storage capability and its application in high-performance supercapacitor

• Novel PBIn/WO 3 composites show good energy storage performance due to the synergistic effect of PBIn and WO 3 . • Asymmetric supercapacitor based on PBIn/WO 3 nanocomposites and PEDOT is constructed. • Supercapacitor shows high specific capacitance (122.25F g −1 ) and cycling stability (81.6% after 3000 cycles). Poly(1H-benzindole)/tungsten trioxide (PBIn/WO 3 ) nanocomposites are successfully prepared by simple hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical polymerization. There is a synergistic effect in PBIn and WO 3 , which can enhance the electrochemical performance and make use of their respective performance advantages to make up for each other’s deficiencies. Among them, there is also good energy level matching, which can provide a favorable driving force for charge transfer. Moreover, the capacitive performance and electron migration rate of the composite material are enhanced due to the good electrical conductivity and charge storage capacity of PBIn. Hence, the PBIn/WO 3 nanocomposites possess a specific capacitance as high as 535.5F g −1 and enhanced charge transfer rate. Asymmetric supercapacitor devices based on PBIn/WO 3 nanocomposites and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are successfully constructed, which show good specific capacitance (122.25F g −1 ) and cycling stability (81.6 % retention after 3000 cycles). The device exhibits maximum energy density of 38.2 Wh kg −1 and maximum power density of 966.7 W kg −1 . In the future field of energy storage, the PBIn/WO 3 nanocomposites prepared in this study may have broad application prospects.

High energy density nickel doped tungsten oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite designed to advance supercapacitor material

In this strategy, a unique synthesized nanocube using6 % Nickel doped tungsten oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (6 %Ni:WO3/rGO) is scrutinized for its feasibility as electrode materialin supercapacitor material (SCs) application utilizing a simple one-step hydrothermal technique. The structural behavior, binding energies, and quality of the synthesized 6 %Ni:WO3/rGO nanocomposite were determined by XRD, FTIR, XPS and Raman analysis. The 6 % Ni:WO3 nanocubes in the Ni-doped WO3 nanocomposite were coated across the exterior of the rGO sheet, according to HR-SEM and HR-TEM images. The 6 %Ni:WO3/rGO (1112.1 at 5 mV/s) nanocomposite revealed enhanced specific capacitance, which was superior to the values of 6 % Ni:WO3 (398.02 at 5 mV/s), and eminent cycling performance possess 95 % retention after a cycle (5,000) at 1 A/g. The 6 %Ni:WO3/rGO has a high specific capacitance of 1385.8F/g and more energy density of 140.23 Whkg−1 at a power density of 2243 Wkg−1 at 1 A/g. This novelstrategy should open the way for next-generation SCs with major energy storage capacities.

CdS/WO3 S-scheme heterojunction with improved photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity.

The anthropogenic emission of CO2 in the environment affected our atmosphere, which caused a rapid change in the climate. It needs to reduce the excess CO2 from the environment to maintain sustainability and keep it green. In this work, we have fabricated a CdS decorated WO3 nanocomposite, improving the reduction ability of CO2 into CO and CH4 selectively in visible light. The construction of the heterojunction improved the stability of CdS with WO3. It synergistically resulted in ~7.7 times the higher yield of CO and 2.3 times the higher yield of CH4 than CdS using 20wt% CdS decorated WO3 nanocomposite in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide, triethylamine, and water in a 3:1:1 ratio. The 20wt% CdS on WO3 nanocomposite has proven an effective and selective photocatalyst with the relative yield of methanol up to four cycles. The nanocomposite photocatalysts were analyzed using instrumental techniques, such as XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, FTIR, TGA-DTA, UV-vis, PL spectroscopy, and PEC analysis.