Winter Wheat Seeds Research Articles

CONSERVATION SOIL FERTILITY SOUND USE SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION AND SEEDING RATE WINTER WHEAT

The biological yield potential of modern winter wheat varieties has been established. The market, changes of organizational and ownership structures in the agricultural sector are studied. The problem of stable and reliable production of winter wheat grain and improvement of its quality has been disclosed. The works of domestic and foreign scientists have been analyzed and their significant contribution to the creation of modern cultivation technology ensuring high profitability of winter wheat has been determined. Grain yields for competitive production are proved. The article is based on the importance in the technological regulation of cultivation of such components as rational fertilization, reasonable sowing norms, which allow to manage the production process of winter wheat crops and to receive high yields, to increase the economic efficiency of cultivation of crops. The efficiency of application of the increased background of fertilizer at the seeding rate of 3.0 million pieces is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved. us. / ha to realize the genetic potential of winter wheat under the conditions of PE "Zetto", which is located in the village. Klekotina of Shargorod district, Vinnytsia region in the zone of Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The system of agrotechnical measures and their combination in the technology of cultivation is optimized and economically justified, which ensures stable high yield and good quality of winter wheat grain. It is established that for optimization of production processes of plants and rational use of natural and climatic potential of the region and material and technical resources for the purpose of stable grain production. Taking into account the complex of unsolved problems concerning the optimal rate of sowing of winter wheat seeds on the increased backgrounds of fertilizers in relation to the specific soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and biological features of modern varieties and hybrids, technological aspects of cultivation are proposed, which preserve fertility. Key words: winter wheat, soil fertility, land use, variety, seeding rate, fertilizer system.

The features of primary seed production of winter bread wheat

The current paper has presented the features of primary seed production of winter bread wheat in the Rostov region and highlighted the main methods of varietal renewal, which make it possible to obtain high-quality seed material with strict preservation of their purity, biological and productive traits, in the amounts that meet the needs of the farms. The purpose of the research was to organize primary seed production of new and commercial varieties of winter bread wheat, which allows maintaining varietal purity and providing the required number of seeds of higher reproductions. There have been conducted the field trials to identify the best indicators of seed productivity, varietal and sowing qualities in the primary links of seed production. Seed production is based on individual-family selection with a two-year assessment of the progeny. The main percentage of variety rejection in the laboratory conditions was made according to such indicators as 1000 seed weight, family productivity, uniformity and plump condition of kernels within the family. In PIP-1 the rejection among the varieties ‘Volnitsa', ‘Volny Don', ‘Zhavoronok', ‘Polina', ‘Ambar', ‘Donskaya Stepp', ‘Yubiley Dona' was carried out for all indicators from 16 to 32%. The variety ‘Zhavoronok' was found the best according to the indicators and its rejection rate was 7%. In PIP-2 over the years of variety trials, the studied varieties of winter bread wheat were rejected in the field for all indicators from 2 to 7%. In the laboratory conditions, the rejection rate was slightly different and ranged from 1 to 8%. The highest seed productivity was formed by the varieties ‘Zernogradka 11' (11.2 t/ha), ‘Ermak' (10.8 t/ha), ‘Marafon' (11.5 t/ha) and ‘Krasa Dona' (11.5 t/ha). The percentage of seed productivity of the studied varieties varied from 67.4% to 93.3%. The maximum 1000 seed weight was identified in the varieties ‘Krasa Dona' (52.7 g), ‘Volny Don' (49.8 g), ‘Volnitsa' (49.1 g). The indicators of the main varietal and sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds corresponded to GOST R 52325-2005.

USING MICRONUTRIENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE

The article highlights the state of provision of soil in Ukraine with trace elements, justifies a gradual decrease in their content and significance for plants, and especially in changing climatic conditions.Studies carried out on the southern chernozem in the conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine established the effectiveness of treating seeds before sowing and plants in the main phases of vegetation with microblasts and biologics at the harvest level and the quality of grown products. Thus, pre-treatment of winter wheat seeds depending on the complex of preparations on average in three varieties. provided an increase in grain yield from 5.5 to 20.5%.To a greater extent, yields are increased by the use of micro-fertilizers and biologics to treat both seeds before sowing and sowing plants during vegetation. On the example of studies with sunflower, significant increases in the yield of seeds, its fat content and an increase in the conditional yield (collection) of oil per hectare were determined.Key words: trace elements, biologics, winter wheat, sunflower, seed and plant processing, yield, crop quality, conditional oil yield.

A Coaxial Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor for Treatment of Winter Wheat Seeds

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas have been recently explored for their potential usage in agricultural applications as an interesting alternative solution for a potential increase in food production with a minor impact on the ecosystem. However, the adjustment and optimization of plasma sources for agricultural applications in general is an important study that is commonly overlooked. Thus, in the present work, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with coaxial geometry designed for the direct treatment of seeds is presented and investigated. To ensure reproducible and homogeneous treatment results, the reactor mechanically shakes the seeds during treatment, and ambient air is admixed while the discharge runs. The DBD, operating with argon and helium, produces two different chemically active states of the system for seed modification. The temperature evolution was monitored to guarantee a safe manipulation of seeds, whereas a physiological temperature was assured by controlling the exposure time. Both treatments led to a remarkable increase in wettability and acceleration in germination. The present study showed faster germination acceleration (60% faster after 24 h) and a lower water contact angle (WCA) (82% reduction) for winter wheat seeds by using the described argon discharge (with air impurities). Furthermore, the treatment can be easily optimized by adjusting the electrical parameters.

Presowing Treatment of Winter Wheat Seeds Using Surface Discharge

Effect of products of surface discharge on seeds of soft winter wheat in electrode configurations consisting of parallel strips with interstrip distances of 5 and 10 mm is experimentally studied. In each system, the seeds are exposed for 10, 60, 120, or 180 s at voltages of 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, or 2.7 kV using sine-shaped supply voltage of electrodes with a frequency of 4.4 kHz. The seeds are placed as a single layer on a grounded surface at a distance of 10 mm from the plane of dielectric barrier. The results of treatment are assessed using morphological characteristics of three-day germs. Air flows in the gap are monitored using particle image velocimetry. It is shown that the regimes of treatment are divided into two groups. For the first group, the air flow reaches the plane in which the seeds are placed. For the second group, the air flow does not reach the plane. In the first case, germination can be stimulated at an interstrip distance of 10 mm, a voltage of 2.4–2.7 kV, and any exposure time. Germination percentage remains stable and high in all regimes.

Effect of UV-C radiation on basic indices of growth process of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds in pre-sowing treatment

An investigation of the effects of UV-C radiation from source having the power of 20 W on improvement of seed quality of Ukrainian winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) six cultivars: ‘Gratsіia Myronivska’, ‘Trudivnytsia Myronivska’, ‘Vezha Myronivska’, ‘Mudrist Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’ and ‘Lira Odeska’, has been done. In the performed experiment the UV-C irradiation in the range of 50-1000 J m-2 was applied. Based on the experimental results it is concluded that irradiation of UV-C on wheat seeds stimulated the seed vigour and germination. It has been established the optimal irradiation dose of UV-C radiation - 250 J m-2 for ‘Trudіvnitsia Myronіvska’, ‘Mudrіst Odeska’, ‘Nyva Odeska’, ‘Lіra Odeska’ cultivars and 500 J m-2 for ‘Hratsіia Myronіvska’ and ‘Vezha Myronіvska’ cultivars, which leads to maximum effect. The highest biometric indices of seedling structural elements were obtained from the seeds of all wheat cultivars, for which the values of seed vigour and germination were also maximum ones, i.e. at the same irradiation dose.

Influence of a chemical preparation of triazole50% cs on sowing the winter wheat against rust

The article is focused on the data of the carried works on studying biological efficiency of fungi Triazole 50% on sowing the winter wheat against yellow rust as well as on the height, development and fertility of the wheat.
 On May 5, 2019 from 9 to 10 o’clock under the temperature 21-23 field experiments of Triazol 50% CS manufactured by the firm “Agroximstar” (Uzbekistan) were carried out on winter wheat as a protector of seeds of winter wheat of Pervitsa sort against the disease of yellow rustin the irrigated conditions in an experimental field of the Institute “Istiklal” of Andijan district of Andijan region.
 The aim of the given research is to study biological-farming efficiency and determination of optimal norms of preparation expenses and to study the influence of fungicide on the height and development as well as on the fertility of the wheat.
 The received data showed that the preparation Triazole 50% CS effected on the pathogen of yellow rust favorably and besides that it didn’t effect on seed growth and energy of growth negatively.

ТУПРОҚНИНГ НАМЛИК ЗАХИРАСИ ВА УРУҒЛАРНИНГ УНИБ ЧИҚИШИГА СИФАТЛИ ИШЛОВ БЕРИШНИНГ ТАЪСИРИ

In the article, based on the results of experimental studies, the influence of soil moisture on the germination of winter wheat seeds in cotton aisles after pre-sowing treatment was studied. Technology and technical means are proposed. contributing to the reduction of evaporation and the accumulation of moisture reserves in the soil.

INFLUENCE OF RISOAGRINE SEED INOCULATION ON RHIZOAGRINE MICROFLORA AND WINTER WHEAT YIELDS IN WESTERN SIBERIA FOREST-STEPPE

The researchers conduct the field stationary experiment with the use of mineral fertilizers and straw in the grain and steam crop rotation with the withdrawal field of alfalfa and study the number of microflora in the rhizosphere of winter wheat of the new variety Priirtyshskaya after treatment of seeds with biospecimen of complex effect - risoagrine. The highest number of useful crop groups of microorganisms was observed in the variant with inoculation of crop seeds by risoagrine on the basis of applying mineral fertilizers, as well as in combination of inoculation techniques, application of mineral fertilizers and straw (N15P23 + straw + inoculation), respectively, 444 and 355 million UU/yr with 217 million UU/yr in the control group. In the variant with inoculation of winter wheat seeds by mineral fertilizers (N15P23 + inoculation), the number ofoligonitrophils and bacteria, mineralizing mineral phosphates, increased by 2.2 times, nitrifiers - by 60%, microorganisms that utilize organic nitrogen compounds on MPA - by 39, consuming mineral nitrogen on CAA - by 73% compared to the control group. The celluloseolytic soil activity under winter wheat sowing in variants N15P23 + inoculation and N15P23 + straw + inoculation increased to 66.5-67.0%, exceeded the control group by 1.7 times. The highest increase in the crop’s grains was observed in the combination of mineral, organic (straw) and bacterial (rizoagrine) fertilizers - 40.3% in comparison with the control group. Additional nitrogen removal by winter wheat crop due to the activity of associative diazotrophs varied from 6 to 16.5 kg/ha. Correlative relations of high (r=0.84-0.91) and average (r=0.62-0.72) degree of microorganisms in the rhizosphere were observed among the indicators of crop yield and number of microorganisms. The closest correlation took place between the value of winter wheat grain yield and the number of bacteria growing on MPA, including ammonifiers, and the yield and number of nitrifying bacteria.

Бактеріальні препарати в технології вирощування насіння пшениці озимої в Західному Лісостепу України

Бактеріальні препарати в технології вирощування насіння пшениці озимої в Західному Лісостепу України

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The actuality of the research is determined by the solution of an important problem – the increase of the protein content in the grain of winter wheat on the basis of ecological difference of seeds quality and the conditions in which it was formed. The aim of the research is to establish the influence of plant growing conditions, ecological difference of seeds on yield, variability of protein content in grain and its output in winter wheat varieties of different origins. The research were performed in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with varieties of soft winter wheat Kubus and Chyhyrynka. Research methods: field experiment (study of the influence of growing conditions on grain protein content and its output, as well as on the level of yielding capacity), laboratory method (determination of protein content), correlation-regression analysis (determination of the relationship between experience factors), statistical method (to confirm significant difference between the investigated variants). According to the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) the conditions of seed formation on the mother plants of winter wheat are determined: close to optimal, arid and moist. In accordance with the results of the first stage of research, it is determined that the grain yielding capacity was higher in the crops which were formed in the optimal and humid periods (from 4.4 to 4.9 t/ha). The influence of weather conditions of the period of formation and ripening of grain of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the protein content and protein output was determined. Protein output is significantly higher (from 5.4 to 6.4 t/ha), in varieties whose seed formation occurred in optimal and arid conditions. The protein content in grains was higher (from 13.9 up to 14.0%) in offspring formed in arid conditions. At the second stage of works the dependence is established: sowing by the seeds grown in arid conditions allows receiving the offspring with the high content of protein, and vice versa. This is confirmed by a strong correlation for both winter wheat varieties tested (r = 0.59 for Chyhyrynka variety and r = 0.53 for Kubus variety). It is found that sowing with small seeds, formed in arid condition, significantly increases the protein content in the grain and protein output in the new crop. The influence of ecological difference of seed quality of winter wheat varieties of Ukrainian and foreign selection on the level of yielding capacity, protein content and its output in the grain of the obtained offspring was studied. The ways of leveling weather conditions on the protein content in grain on the basis of sowing of different fractions of seeds by size (mixture, large, middle and small seeds) formed in different growing conditions are established. The improvement of the ways of leveling weather conditions and their influence on the grain protein content on the basis of sowing a small fraction of seeds of winter wheat, formed in the arid growing conditions, with pre-sowing treatment by means of the biological preparations in the future is planned.

Surface barrier discharge pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds in a three-electrode arrangement with dc bias

In the present work, the experimental results of reaction of morphological indicators (sprout and root length, number of roots, 3-day germination) of seedlings of high quality winter wheat seeds treated by plasma byproducts in the three-electrode system of surface dielectric barrier discharge with dc bias on the third electrode in humid air of atmospheric pressure at different polarity of the bias voltage are shown. The treatment was carried out for 15 min in a strip electrode system (eight 1 mm width strips with 4 mm distance between them, a sinusoidal voltage of 2.7 kV (rms) with a frequency 23 kHz) made on a corundum ceramic barrier (1 mm thickness) with the additional third electrode which is a stainless steel grid distant 10 mm from the surface of the dielectric barrier. Direct-current bias of 8 kV of positive or negative polarity was applied to the third electrode. Seeds were located on the surface of the third electrode. The treatment was also carried out with vibration of the system (the imitation of seeds movement along the third electrode). It is shown that the efficiency of treatment depends on the month of carrying it out. It was succeeded to get a reliable stimulation with weak control. With strong control (potential sowing months) it was not obtained. The imposing of dc bias in any considered case is less efficient than plasma products affection without bias. The vibration of electrode system leads to seeds damage during the treatment and notable germination reduction.

PROBLEMS OF СOMMERCIALIZATION ON THE SEED MARKET IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically sound proposals for solving the problem of commercial circulation of seeds and planting material and payments for the use of intellectual property in Ukraine. The analysis of the current state and prospects of seed production in Ukraine is covered. The study found that the further formation and development of domestic breeding and seed production, the entry of domestic varieties in the international market, attracting foreign investment to create a seed industry infrastructure that would meet the world requirements and standards is not possible without the introduction of varietal certification of seeds in Ukraine, membership in Ukraine Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and accession to variety certification schemes. The basis for the development of domestic breeding and seed production is further seen through the introduction of a mechanism for obtaining royalties based on a real reflection of the use of the value of seeds and planting material, and their registration by an independent body of accounting, supervision and control, as well as support for national selection through the use of breeding payments for Farm Saved Seed. In order to set prices for seeds and planting material of a full-fledged market environment, the calculation of the normative cost, the purchase price for the plant and the selling price of 1 ton of winter wheat seeds have been proposed. Ways of resolving commercial circulation of seeds and planting material and payments for the use of intellectual property are highlighted. Prospective ways to accelerate the development of the organization of the market of seeds and planting material of Ukraine are outlined. The authors' views on the positive experience of using non-conventional and non-conventional seed material in the EU countries are outlined.Solving these problems will help to establish international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of protection of plant variety rights and commercial marketing of seeds and planting material.

Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Analyze the Concentration of Ferulic Acid, Deoxynivalenol, and Nivalenol in Winter Wheat Grain

Biotic stress, which includes infection by pathogenic fungi, causes losses of wheat yield in terms of quantity and quality. Ear Fusarium is caused by strains of F. graminearum and F. culmorum, which can produce mycotoxins—deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). One of the wheat’s defense mechanisms against stressors is the activation of biosynthesis pathways of antioxidant compounds, including ferulic acid. The aim of the study was to conduct pilot studies on the basis of which neural models were created that would examine the impact of the variety and weather conditions on the concentration of ferulic acid, and link its content with the concentration of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. The plant material was 23 winter wheat genotypes with different Fusarium resistance. The field experiment was conducted in 2011–2013 in Poland in three experimental combinations, namely: with full chemical protection; without chemical protection, but infested with natural disease (control); and in the absence of fungicidal protection, with artificial inoculation by genus Fusarium fungi. As a result of the pilot studies, three neural models—FERUANN analytical models (ferulic acid content), DONANN (deoxynivalenol content) and NIVANN (nivalenol content)—were produced. Each model was based on 14 independent features, 12 of which were in the form of quantitative data, and the other two were presented as qualitative data. The structure of the created models was based on an artificial neural network (ANN) of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) with two hidden layers. The sensitivity analysis of the neural network showed the two most important features determining the concentration of ferulic acid, deoxynivalenol, and nivalenol in winter wheat seeds. These are the experiment variant (VAR) and winter wheat variety (VOW).

Обґрунтування впливу робочих органів зернозбиральних комбайнів на пошкодження і якість насіння

Goal. To justify the possibility of improving seed quality due to the reduction of damage at all stages of the process of collecting, processing, preparation, and planting; to develop the equipment for implementing these processes in production. Methods. Theoretical studies and calculations were performed using mathematical modeling of the technical means and technological processes. They used basic laws of mechanics and modern methods of computer calculations. Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory and manufacturing conditions using full-scale specimens and equipment according to the developed and standard methods. Results. They studied the strength and destruction, that is, macro-trauma of grains, depending on the mechanical influence, strain and stress. The influence of external means was studied on the occurrence and the distribution of deformations and cracks, as well as how many of them at a certain load reaches the critical length. The origin and direction of cracks and their number in most cases depended on the direction of the action of external forces and internal biological characteristics of corn. The strength of the grain, in addition to cracks, also has a significant impact of micro-trauma of the embryo, endosperm and seed and flower shells. As independent parameters, which optimize the energy acceleration of the grain to minimize deformations and micro-trauma of seeds, they took angular and linear acceleration of deformation of the volume of the grain and angular acceleration at the point of impact of the grain with the spherical surface of the working body. Theoretical calculations were made, and the influence of drum and rotary threshing devices was substantiated on deformation and damage to the seed. Conclusions. Calculation and graphic dependencies confirm the conclusion of experimental-manufacture research: macro- and especially micro-trauma of seeds of winter wheat and rye at harvesting with rotary threshing apparatus is much less than at use of drum one, which significantly influences the quality of seed.

Injury of winter soft wheat seeds as an indicator of reducing its sowing traits

Present Russian agriculture tends to increase grain production not only due to increased productivity, but also by improving the quality of seed material. Due to the large number of injured grains in the total amount, their sowing qualities deteriorate, and the future yield decreases. The purpose of the current study is to identify the degree of the effect of seed injury on their sowing qualities. The objects of the research were the winter soft wheat varieties “Aksiniya” and “Lydia” developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. It has been established that it is impossible to obtain high-quality seeds without reducing grain injury during harvesting and post-harvesting processing. Seeds with a damaged hull and partly an embryo can germinate under laboratory conditions. In our trials, laboratory germination of the variety “Aksiniya” ranged from 92 to 99%, and that of the variety “Lydia” varied from 95 to 99%. The field germination rate of injured seeds is much lower than laboratory germination and it was 81 to 92% for the variety “Aksiniya”, and 92% for the variety “Lydia”. This is due to the fact that soil microflora has a negative effect on injured seeds. Seed processing increased a number of injured seeds from 11 to 17% of the total injury after a combine threshing, which resulted in a decrease of the number of sprouts and their dry weight for the variety “Aksiniya” by 7 pieces and 0.13 g; for the variety “Lydia” by 8 pieces and 0.1 g, respectively. The study of the injured seeds of winter soft wheat revealed that sprouts from injured seeds lag behind not only in growth and development, but also form a smaller weight of sprouts compared to the weight of sprouts grown from non-injured seeds. It was established that harvesting equipment injures from 11 to 39% of seeds, and the share of grain processing equipment accounts for 11–17% of injured seeds.

Effect of treatment of seeds of grain crops by ultraviolet radiation before sowing

Cereals form the most important group of plants cultivated by man. The aim of the work is to study the effect of ultraviolet led emitter in the processing of seeds of grain crops to improve sowing performance. The objects of the study were the seeds of winter and spring wheat, winter triticale, naked oats. Seeds were treated with ultraviolet LEDs in the range of radiation in the UV zone for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, with average illumination energy of 3.137 W/m2. Growth strength, laboratory germination, shoot height, primary root length and root rot infestation were evaluated. In the course of studies, a positive effect of ultraviolet treatment of seeds of winter wheat, winter triticale and oats was established. Ultraviolet radiation with a dose of 1882 J/m2 (seed treatment for 10 minutes) increased the growth strength and germination of winter wheat. Shoot height and root length were better when irradiated for 5 min with a dose of 941 J/m2. The proposed UV treatment of seeds improves the technology of production of hydroponic feed, taking into account modern requirements for energy conservation and obtaining environmentally friendly products.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НАНОСЕЛЕНА НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ИОНОВ K+, Na+ И Cl- В ПРОРОСТКАХ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ЗАСОЛЕНИЯ И ЗАСУХИ

Soil salinization is one of the most important problems for agriculture. In most cases, the effect of salinization is manifested in conjunction with water deficiency, reinforcing each other. One of the most dangerous types of salinization is sodium chloride, in which both sodium and chlorine ions have a damaging effect on plants. The physiological processes taking place under stressful conditions with the participation of enzymes and antioxidants are closely related to each other. The content of some enzymes is significantly affected by selenium. The least toxic and bioavailable is selenium in the form of nanoparticles stabilized by natural biologically active substances. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the tread action of the original water-soluble composition of nanosalen stabilized with sodium alginate on the content of K+, Na+ and Cl— ions in wheat seedlings under the combined effects of salinization and drought. The objects of study were winter wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) and a water-soluble composition of selenium nanoparticles. Wheat seeds were soaked for 4 hours in a solution of selenium nanocomposition at a concentration of 10.0; 20.0 and 30.0 mg/l. The control was seeds soaked in distilled water. Plants were grown for 10 days under controlled conditions in a climatic chamber in vessels with a capacity of 1.0 L., a 16-hour photoperiod, a temperature of 25/20 °C (day / night) and a relative humidity of 60±5 %. Well washed river sand was used as a substrate. On day 10, the mass of raw and dry matter and the content of K+, Na+ and Cl— ions in the leaves and roots, as well as on the water content of the leaf tissues and the relative water content (RWC) were determined. For the first time, a study was made of the protective effect of selenium nanocomposite on the content of K+, Na+ and Cl— in leaves and roots, as well as their relationship with the water status of leaves in wheat seedlings under the combined effect of chloride salinity and drought. The action of nanoselen increases the absorption of K+ ions by both roots and leaves. In this case, the absorption of Na+ ions are significantly reduced. The protective effect of nanoselen is also manifested in maintaining a high-water status.

Посівна якість насіння пшениці озимої залежно від компонентного складу протруйників

Sowing quality of winter wheat seeds depending on the component composition of protectants The influence of multicomponent protectants on the sowing quality of winter wheat seeds was studied. It was found that the presowing treatment reduces laboratory germination of seeds. With the statistical analysis the significant negative correlation effect (r = -0.63) of the amount of active ingredients in the protectant composition on the length of the seedling was found. The radicle length (r=-0,17) was weakly dependent on the component composition of protectants. Kantaris had the greatest depressant effect on seed sowing qualities. Keywords: soft winter wheat, multicomponent protectants, presowing treatment, germination, seedlings, radicles.

Assessment of ecological properties of winter wheat seeds

Seed quality is one of the essential prerequisite for high yield formation. Ecological heterogeneity of seeds remains one of the unsolved challenges of seed production as yet. The existence of close relation between seed quality and the conditions of their growing indicates the relevance of the assessment of the ecological nature of seed heterogeneity and becomes the target of the authors’ study. Laboratory and field methods were widely used. The authors investigated different fractions of winter wheat seeds of the Alaya Zarya variety. The seeds were calibrated by width, by the specific weight, and by thickness. The studies have shown that seeds of different fractions differ in their ecological properties. Large seeds calibrated by width, seeds of low specific weight and seeds of shallow thickness were characterized by high responsiveness to vegetation conditions. The seeds of these fractions are recommended to be used in intensive cultivation technologies. The seeds of large fraction calibrated by thickness were characterized by high homeostatic properties and are recommended to be used in organic farming.