Обґрунтування впливу робочих органів зернозбиральних комбайнів на пошкодження і якість насіння

Abstract

Goal. To justify the possibility of improving seed quality due to the reduction of damage at all stages of the process of collecting, processing, preparation, and planting; to develop the equipment for implementing these processes in production. Methods. Theoretical studies and calculations were performed using mathematical modeling of the technical means and technological processes. They used basic laws of mechanics and modern methods of computer calculations. Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory and manufacturing conditions using full-scale specimens and equipment according to the developed and standard methods. Results. They studied the strength and destruction, that is, macro-trauma of grains, depending on the mechanical influence, strain and stress. The influence of external means was studied on the occurrence and the distribution of deformations and cracks, as well as how many of them at a certain load reaches the critical length. The origin and direction of cracks and their number in most cases depended on the direction of the action of external forces and internal biological characteristics of corn. The strength of the grain, in addition to cracks, also has a significant impact of micro-trauma of the embryo, endosperm and seed and flower shells. As independent parameters, which optimize the energy acceleration of the grain to minimize deformations and micro-trauma of seeds, they took angular and linear acceleration of deformation of the volume of the grain and angular acceleration at the point of impact of the grain with the spherical surface of the working body. Theoretical calculations were made, and the influence of drum and rotary threshing devices was substantiated on deformation and damage to the seed. Conclusions. Calculation and graphic dependencies confirm the conclusion of experimental-manufacture research: macro- and especially micro-trauma of seeds of winter wheat and rye at harvesting with rotary threshing apparatus is much less than at use of drum one, which significantly influences the quality of seed.