Winter Hardiness Research Articles

Адаптационная способность некоторых лекарственных растений ex vitro к по чвенно-климатическим условиям Вологодской области

The article presents the results of the study of phenological and morphological characteristics of medicinal plants obtained by clonal micropropagation and adapted ex vitro after transplanting to the open ground in the Vologda district of the Vologda region. At present, in the conditions of import substitution for obtaining domestic pharmaceutical raw materials, it is necessary to grow medicinal plants in demand industrially. Plants of the Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb., Hypericum perforatum L., Artemisia dracunculus L. (cultivars ‘Goodwin’, ‘Monarch’) were studied as research objects. The winter hardiness of 2-year-old seedlings of the studied medicinal plants obtained by the in vitro method after overwintering is 85 to 90% in the first decade of May. Two-year-old plants of H. neglectum had an average height of 55.0 cm, formed a vegetative mass, had high foliage (an average of 12.6 pcs./shoot) and flower racemes (on average 17.5 pcs./shoot). The plants formed generative shoots: H. neglectum – on average 1.7 pcs., H. perforatum – 5 pcs., A. dracunculus – 9.9 to 11.3 pcs. The average length of the raw part of one shoot was 23.2 cm in H. neglectum, 16.6 cm in H. perforatum, and 32.3 to 47.0 cm in A. dracunculus. The wet weight of the raw part of a shoot of two-year-old cultivated medicinal plants was: H. neglectum – 12.9 g on average, H. perforatum – 16.7 g, A. dracunculus – 14.7 to 17.8 g; the air-dry weight of the raw part of the plants was 17 to 25% of the wet weight.

Use of foreign mixtures of lawn grasses in greening of roadside areas in central Yakutia

Currently, in Yakutia, the construction of apartment buildings is rapidly developing, new neighborhoods are being created, roads, squares, etc. are being repaired, and this requires work on landscaping (sowing lawns, planting trees, shrubs and shrubs, perennial and annual flowers). Lawns are the most common type and an integral part of landscaping in urban areas. To improve environmental quality, in recent years, when arranging lawns, attention has been paid to sanitary, hygienic, reclamation and aesthetic functions, in addition to minimizing the costs of growing and maintaining lawns - by choosing the right grass. When using grass mixtures of foreign species of lawn grasses, certain conditions are required; the types of lawn grasses must have good adaptation to permafrost conditions, high winter hardiness, drought resistance, and survival, which is one of the positive features.

ИНТРОДУЦИРОВАННЫЕ СОРТА МАЛИНЫ КАК ИСТОЧНИКИ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ

The study was carried out to identify the breeding potential of introduced raspberry varieties of different geographical origins. The work was carried out in 2018-2022 in Bryansk region. The material for the study is 17 raspberry varieties of foreign selection, the control is the late-ripening variety Lavina. The following indicators were taken into account: field winter hardiness, degree of disease damage, duration of fruiting, productivity, productivity, mechanical properties of berries and taste. It has been established that it is inappropriate to grow some of the varieties in the conditions of central Russia without shelter for the winter. The varieties Uslada, Cascade Delight, Phenomenon, and Lavina were characterized by high winter hardiness with a degree of damage of no more than 1.0 points. For resistance to Didymella applanata Sass. (defeat up to 1.5 points) varieties were selected - Glen Ample, Sokolica, Radziejowa, Cowichan and the control variety Lavina, to Botrytis cinerea Pers. (loss up to 1.5 points) – Laszka, Tadmor, Chemainus, Sokolica, Radziejowa, Glen Ample, Cascade Delight, Octavia. The varieties Sokolica and Radziejowa were characterized by high field resistance to a complex of pathogens. Most genotypes are distinguished by medium-late fruit ripening (starting from the middle of the second decade of July). According to the components of productivity, complex sources of their high manifestation have not been identified, however, the varieties Laszka, Tadmor, Chemainus, Sokolica, Radziejowa, Glen Ample, Fenomen, Cowichan, Benefis, Glen Magna, which form fruits with an average weight of 3.8...4.4 g, can be used in breeding to increase the level of large fruit. According to the results of studying the mechanical properties of raspberry fruits, the varieties Laszka, Tadmor, Sokolica, Chemainus, Cascade Delight were characterized by increased strength (6.2...6.8 N) and optimal force of separation of berries (0.5...0.6 N) from the fruit. In terms of taste, the yellow-fruited varieties Valentina and Anne stood out, as well as the Uslada variety with a tasting score of 4.5 points. The varieties Tadmor, Chemainus, Glen Ample, Cascade Delight, Cowichan, Benefis, Glen Magna had a dessert taste (4.0...4.3 points), but without a “raspberry” aroma.

Studying a collection of common-wheat varieties for leaf rust resistance, crop yield and grain quality in the environmental conditions of Novosibirsk region.

The relationship between a variety's genotype, environmental conditions and phytopathogenic load are the key factors contributing to high yields that should be taken into account in selecting donors for resistance and high manifestation of valuable traits. The study of leaf rust resistance in 49 common wheat varieties was carried out in the field against the natural pathogen background and under laboratory conditions using single-pustule isolates with virulence to Lr9 and Lr24. It has been shown that the varieties carrying alien genes Lr6Agi2 (Tulaikovskaya 10) and Lr6Agi1 (Voevoda) were resistant to leaf rust infection both in the field and in the laboratory. Varieties KWS Buran, KWS Akvilon, KW 240-3-13, and Etyud producing crop yields from 417 to 514 g/m2 comparable to the best standard variety Sibirskaya 17 can be reasonably used as Lr24 resistance gene donors under West Siberian conditions. Omskaya 44 variety showing crop yield of 440g/m2 can be used as a donor for Lr19 and partially effective Lr26. Varieties Tuleevskaya and Altayskaya 110 with Lr9 in their genomes are recommended for the development of resistance gene-pyramided genotypes. The highest protein and gluten contents were observed in the CS2A/2M sample, while KWS Buran, Altayskaya 110, Volgouralskaya, and KWS Akvilon showed the lowest values. Varieties CS2A/2M, Tulaikovskaya 10, Pavon, and Tuleevskaya were ranked the highest in micro- (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) and macronutrient (Ca, Mg, K) contents among the common wheat samples from the collection, while the lowest values for most elements were observed in KWS Buran, Novosibirskaya 15, and Volgouralskaya. Winter varieties demonstrating leaf rust resistance against the infectious background typically carry adult plant resistance genes (Lr34, Lr12, and Lr13), particularly combined with the juvenile Lr26 gene. The presence of Lr41 in a winter type line (KS 93 U 62) allowed it to maintain resistance against a leaf rust pathogen clone kLr24, despite the presence of Lr24 in the genotype. Varieties Doka and Cheshskaya 17 may act as donors of resistance genes Lr26 + Lr34 and Lr9 + Lr12 + Lr13 + Lr34, as well as sources of dwarfing without losses in winter hardiness and yield under West Siberian conditions.

Forage Pea Pure Lines: Winter Hardiness, High Seed and Biological Yield

Winter forage pea is a plant that grows in cold climates and is a valuable source of protein for animal feed. In this study, 13 pure forage pea lines (PS3057M1, PS3057M2, PS3073G1, PS3073G2, PS3073G3, PS4028H1, PS4028H2, PS4028H3, PS4028H4, PS4053M1, PS4053M2, PS4053M3 and PS4053M4) and Emirbey and Şahin varieties were used as material. The research was conducted at Selçuk University Prof. Dr. Abdülkadir AKCİN Research and Application Station in the trial fields during the 2020-21 and 2021-22 plant growth periods without irrigation. The trials were established in both years according to randomized block design with 3 replications. Meteorological data indicated that despite variations in the lowest temperatures between the two years, all pea lines remained undamaged. This highlighted the adaptability of forage pea lines to the region's winter conditions, which is consistent with previous studies. Statistically significant differences were determined between the two years of the study in terms of all traits analyzed in the research. Higher values were recorded in the second year for all traits. The main reason for these differences is the precipitation and temperatures in the spring months, which is the period when the plants grow actively. Again, significant statistical differences were determined between the lines in all the traits analyzed in the study. This shows us that genetic traits and environmental conditions are important in determining the traits analyzed in this study. The forage pea lines used in the study performed better than the standard varieties in terms of seed and biological yield. In conclusion, this research shows that newly developed winter forage pea lines can be successfully grown in the Konya region and these lines have important genetic and environmental effects on various yield parameters.

To the methodology for the study of intraspecific variability and selection of wild forms of Viburnum opulus L.

The methodological recommendation for the study of intraspecific variability and the selection of wild-growing promising for breedingforms of common Viburnumis written on the basis of a large amount of factual material obtained from the study of this species in the East Kazakhstan region. It includes an assessment of the current state of Viburnum opulus L. populations, with range mapping in ArcMap and ArcGis programs. The geobotanical, phytocenotic description is given. First, the forms are described according to 25 quantitative and qualitative features. Then, on the basis of this, the selection of promising forms, the collection of seeds and cloning with green cuttings is carried out. The distribution of Viburnum plants occurred according to the degree of flowering, fruiting, fruit length and diameter. The data were divided into classes with the smallest, average and largest values into five groups, by weight and number of fruits into four groups. The scoring system was applied to seven characteristics: the general condition of plants, winter hardiness, the degree of flowering and fruiting, color, taste, and the nature of the detachment of fruits. The study of endogenous variability of morphological and economic-biological characters is carried out in the crown of one individual. After studying the average indicator of the trait and the amplitude of its variation for different individuals, they proceed to the study of intra-population variability. After mathematical processing, a questionnaire is filled out for each plant according to the selected form, which will make it possible to better represent the studied form to study genotypic and phenotypic variability in the future. The use of this recommendation in research work will allow assessing the genetic potential of the species, the level of its intraspecific variability, and selecting promising forms.

Новый сорт клевера ползучего Ритм

The article presents a description of a new variety of creeping clover 'Ritm'. The variety is recommended for lawn and pasture use. A creeping bush. The foliage is 80%. The yield of green mass is 34.7 t/ha. The yield of dry matter is 8 t/ha. The crude protein content is 24%. The seed yield is 1.6 centner/ha. A distinctive feature of the variety is its abundant flowering (up to 860 pcs/m2 heads) and early maturity. The period from the beginning of spring vegetation to full ripeness of seeds is 110–115 days, from the first mowing to full ripeness of seeds from — 50 to 65 days. The variety has a high winter hardiness. When evaluated in the field of infectious backgrounds, the 'Ritm' variety showed complex resistance to cancer and Fusarium.

A new variety of sour cherry Shelangovskaya

The purpose of the research is the biological and economic evaluation of a new variety of sour cherry Shelangovskaya in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Winter hardiness, productivity, the susceptibility of sour cherry varieties to coccomycosis, moniliosis, damage by aphids, and economic efficiency were evaluated according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. A comparative assessment of the biological and economic characteristics of the sour cherry varieties Krasa Tataria and Shelangovskaya showed that the new sour cherry variety surpasses the standard variety in productivity (8 kg), yield (5 t/ha), resistance to coccomycosis (1.9 points), moniliosis (1.5 points), flowering strength (4.6 points), self-fertility (24 %), fruit taste (4.2 points), profit from 1 ha of the garden (26.0 thousand rubles) and the level of profitability (13.1 %).

Effect of ammonium and potassium nitrate on winter hardiness and yield of winter rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.)

The results of research for 3 years (2019–2021) on winter rye (Secale cereale L.) crops in the North-West region of the Russian Federation (Leningrad region) are presented. The effect of different doses and timing of ammonium and potassium nitrate application on winter hardiness and productivity of winter rye plants on the example of Volkhova and Eureka varieties was studied. The soil in the experimental fields was sod-podzolic loamy with the depth of the arable horizon of 20–25 cm. Humus content – 2.0–2.3%, pH of the salt extract – 5.2–5.5. Fertilizers were applied in dry form in the autumn one week after the emergence of the seedlings, and in the spring – at the resumption of vegetation. The studied fertilizer doses in terms of active substance for nitrogen were 0 (control), 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha. It is shown that winter hardiness of both varieties practically did not depend on the doses and timing of the application, as well as on the type of fertilizers. The maximum grain yield was shown by the Volkhova variety at a dose of nitrogen of 60 kg/ha, the Eureka variety – 90 kg/ha, with the maximum yield of the Eureka variety for all the years exceeding that of the Volkhova variety by 24.5%. Within the specified doses of nitrogen for both varieties, the best option was a single spring application of a mixture of ammonium and potassium nitrate, the worst - a single spring application of ammonium nitrate alone. On average for both varieties, potassium nitrate application in spring increased the grain yield by 16% compared to the variants where potassium nitrate was not used.

Cover crop cultivars and species differ in root traits potentially impacting their selection for ecosystem services

Background and aimsCover crops have the potential to aid in adapting agricultural systems to climate change impacts through their ecosystem services, such as preventing soil erosion, remediating soil structure, and storing carbon belowground. Though roots are integral to these processes, there is a lack of cover crop root trait data. This study aims to characterize rooting behavior of several commercially available cover crops and assess how differences in root system architecture potentially impact their selection for ecosystem services.MethodsTwenty-two cover crop cultivars across the grass, legume, and brassica families were grown in O’Fallon, Missouri, USA. Canopy cover was monitored throughout the growing season. Shoot and root biomass samples were collected and analyzed.ResultsCereal rye and winter triticale were the most winter hardy cultivars and provided the highest percent canopy cover. Cereal rye and winter triticale also generated the highest amount of shoot and root biomass among treatments but diverged in their root system architectures. Winter triticale forms coarser roots and exhibited deeper rooting, which may be better suited for carbon sequestration. Rapeseed and Siberian kale have favorable C:N ratios for nutrient recycling, but rapeseed may invest more into lateral root formation and have a higher potential to “catch” excess nutrients.ConclusionSelection of cover crops for ecosystem services should account for root system architecture and their suitability for these ecosystem services. Differences in root traits among cultivars within the same family highlight the potential to breed cover crop root system architecture to further enhance ecosystem service efficacy.

Field and laboratory investigations of clonal rootstocks in South Cisbaikal

The study of the possibility of using low-growing clonal rootstocks in the conditions of the South Сisbaikal, the territory most suitable for horticulture in the Irkutsk region, was the goal of this work. The studies were carried out in 2017-2022 on experimental plots, which are located in the Irkutsk district of the Irkutsk region and on the territory of SIPPB SB RAS (Irkutsk). Assembled collection was included: six varieties of clonal rootstocks bred by MichGAU (62-396, 54-118, 70-20-20, 70-6-8, 64-143, 62-223), stock bred by A.P. Apoyan (Armenian RIVWFG) (Arm18), rootstock of Estonian selection (E56), eight rootstocks of Orenburg ESHV selection (Ural, Ural2, Ural5, 18-7, B-3-4, 4-12, 8-2, OB), rootstock Crimean OSH (K-2). The conducted field observations allow us to state that clonal rootstocks can be used in horticulture in the South Сisbaikal. We found out that of all the studied clonal rootstocks, the rootstocks of the Ural selection Ural and Ural 2 and the rootstock of the Estonian selection E-56 showed high winter hardiness. We attributed clonal rootstocks 70-6-8, Arm18, K-2 to low winter-hardiness. The rest of the rootstocks over the years of research showed an average winter hardiness. The results of laboratory studies confirmed the high winter hardiness of E-56. The study of cultivar-rootstock combinations showed good compatibility of clonal rootstocks with semi-cultivated apple trees: strong fusion of the rootstock with the scion, active growth, well-developed leaf apparatus, the absence of any signs of starvation and discoloration. It has been statistically proven that the variety and type of rootstock affect the degree of temperature damage to the fruit tree. Highly winter-hardy clonal rootstocks and medium-hardy clonal rootstocks with high regenerative capacity were selected as promising for breeding.

Study of elite forms of kamchatka honeysuckle (Lonicera kamtschatika) to create a variety with a high level of economically valuable traits

The article presents the results of the primary variety study of elite forms of Kamchatka honeysuckle for the period 2019-2022. Breeding in the Kamchatka region is built on the search and accumulation of sources of genetically valuable wild forms of Kamchatka honeysuckle (Lonicera kamtschatika), as well as the improvement of source material for creating new varieties with high parameters of characteristics: winter-hardy, with different maturation periods, early-fruiting, productive, large-fruited, dessert taste. The purpose of our research was to create promising elite forms of honeysuckle - candidates for varieties with more breeding-valuable economically valuable traits for introduction into amateur horticulture in Kamchatka region. The following tasks were solved by the method of analytical breeding: to identify the regularities of the phenological phases of development and biological features of wild-growing forms of honeysuckle; to study the source material according to the characteristics: winter hardiness, general condition, early fruitfulness, yield; to evaluate the taste, biochemical parameters and weight of berries; to select the best forms for creating new varieties with a complex of valuable properties. The studies made it possible to identify the most significant and valuable elite forms from the genetic resources of wild-growing forms of Kamchatka honeysuckle - varieties that will optimize the regional assortment, and their valuable features will ensure an increase in the efficiency of the breeding process. The selected promising elite forms 1-5 (conditional name of the variety - Malka), 1-20 (conditional name of the variety - Vilyuyka), 31-35 (conditional name of the variety - Ganalochka) are candidates for cultivars and are characterized by a high degree of winter hardiness, early and medium early maturity, productivity exceeding the standard by 31.6, 38.8, 18.4%, large (1.1-1.3 g), with a pleasant dessert taste, attractive berries with various shapes, a slight dry separation without tearing the skin, with a content of sugars from 8.5 to 7.2%, ascorbic acid from 46.09 to 50.85 mg%, dry matter from 14.4 to 15.3%, acidity from 1.8 to 2.1%.

Adaptive restructuring of grape metabolism in winter period

In the unstable conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Krai, the urgency of the problem of winter hardiness of grapes increases due to an increase in the average annual air temperature against the background of an increase in the frequency of low critical air temperatures in the winter. The adaptive rearrangements of grape metabolism associated with resistance to winter stresses have been studied. Objects of research: grape varieties of different ecological and geographical origin: Crystal, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif. The electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel in the studied grape varieties revealed that the quantitative and qualitative composition of isoforms changed during the winter period and depended on the variety and the influence of the stress factor. During the autumn-winter period, the varieties Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg revealed an increased total content of anthocyanins in (13.2-14.4 conventional units), ascorbic acid in shoots (13.7-18.4 µg/g of raw weight) in contrast to the varieties Aligote, Zarif. According to the research, it was found that the Crystal grape variety has increased frost resistance, followed in descending order by Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Dostoyny. These varieties have great adaptive capabilities in unstable conditions of a changing climate and are recommended for cultivation in the Anapo-Taman zone, as well as for use in breeding as sources of frost resistance. Varieties Aligote, Zarif are singled out as less frost-resistant.

Biology and ecology of <i>Forestiera neo-mexicana</i> A. Gray and prospects for use in the Lower Volga region

The issues of expanding the assortment of tree and shrub forest plantations in afforestation of arid regions are studied. Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray is an introduced and under-recognized exotic tropical plant in the agroforestry of the Volgograd region. The study site was the collection plots of the Volgograd breeding and seed production complex in the Kirovsky district forestry of Volgograd where Forestiera neo-mexicana grows. Bioecological assessment of the use of Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray shrub in landscaping and protective afforestation of the Lower Volga region was carried out. Using the methodology of phenological observations developed by the staff of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), the total seed weight, morphometric indices of fruits and the dynamics of the physiological state of the shrub were determined. The bio-ecological properties were evaluated according to five traits: drought resistance (six-point scale of Pyatnitsky S.S.), winter hardiness (seven-point scale of the MBG RAS), evaluation of flowering and fruiting intensity by the method of V.G. Kapper (five-point scale), vitality (three-point scale). According to phenological observations, Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray passes all phenological phases in climatic conditions of the Volgograd region. In bioecological evaluation of the Forrestiera properties for five traits, the plant has a high score for flowering and fruiting intensity (5 points), vitality (5 points). The plant is winter hardy (1 point) and drought tolerant (1 point). Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray can be cultivated on the areas unsuitable for general land use, on pasture lands and can be used in protective forestry.

New apple variety – Hrustal’nyj Bashmachok

The domestic apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) occupies a leading place among fruit crops, both in terms of area planted and in terms of gross fruit harvest. Currently, apple tree varieties are subject to strict requirements for highly adaptability, winter hardiness, early fruiting, high yield and quality of fruits. The new apple tree variety Hrustal’nyj Bashmachok (breeding number 1-18), meets many of the listed requirements, is the result of breeding work of the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, aimed at improving the assortment and meeting the demand of producers and consumers of agricultural products in the Ural region. A variety of autumn ripening, universal use, obtained from open pollination of Antonovki Obyknovennoj and combines in its genotype such valuable qualities as high winter hardiness, productivity, and resistance to scab. The tree is medium in size, with a rounded crown of medium density. Fruits with an average weight of 152 g, conical, regular in shape. The surface of the fruit is smooth, slightly ribbed, the main color at the time of harvest and consumer ripeness is greenish-yellow. The outer color is present on a smaller part of the fruit and is orange. Subcutaneous dots are small, white, barely noticeable. The fruit pulp is creamy, dense, juicy, fine-grained, with a medium aroma. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant, tasting score 4.4 points, average aroma. The shelf life of fruits is 20-30 days. Chemical composition of the fruit: sugar content 10.8 %, ascorbic acid 19.1 mg/100 g, dry matter 13.4 %; acidity 0.8 %. The Hrustal’nyj Bashmachok variety has average drought and heat resistance, is slightly affected by scab, and begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. Over a long period of study, the variety showed a high level of economically valuable traits, including yield from 14.8 to 18.8 t/year and stable annual fruiting. The Crystal Shoe variety has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Ural region since 2022 and is recommended for updating the industrial assortment of the region and cultivation in farms of various categories.

Results of breeding work to create genotypes of winter peas with basic economically valuable traits in the conditions of Adygea

The work shows the historical stages of breeding work to create adapted varieties of wintering peas to the soil and climatic conditions of the southern foothill zone of the North-Western Caucasus (Republic of Adygea). In the course of these studies, it was necessary to solve the problem of increasing the winter hardiness of the crop, grain resistance, resistance to viral and fungal diseases, and new varieties should show high yields of green mass and grain of good quality and be more early ripening. The first stages of research were aimed at collecting and studying the source material. In order to increase winter hardiness, winter-hardy pellets and white-flowered, weakly winter-hardy forms were used during hybridization. To increase seed resistance, multi-flowered samples and forms were used; increasing resistance to fungal and viral diseases was achieved by involving the most resistant samples in crosses. The use of highly productive samples in hybridization as the maternal form, and the earliest ripening ones as the paternal form, made it possible to solve the problem of creating varieties of wintering peas that combine early ripening with high yields of green mass and seeds. High-protein samples were involved in crossings to increase the protein content in green mass and grain. Mutant forms were obtained using chemical mutagens and pulsed concentrated solar and laser light. The volume of crosses carried out over the entire period amounted to 600 different combinations.As a result of breeding work on the creation and isolation of new genotypes of wintering peas, possessing a complex of positive economically valuable traits, a collection of 1950 samples was formed, including highly productive forms. A wintering pea variety ADS 85 adapted to local soil and climatic conditions has been created and released.

Detecting cool-climate Riesling vineyard variation using unmanned aerial vehicles and proximal sensors

The ability to detect and respond to vineyard spatial variation can lead to improved management—a practice known as precision viticulture. The goal of this study was to determine if remote sensors can enhance precision viticulture applications by detecting vineyard spatial variation. The hypothesis was that differences in vine spectral reflectance, as detected by remote sensors, would be associated with variations in viticultural variables due to known relationships with vine size, structure, and pigmentation. Riesling grapevines were geolocated within six commercial vineyards across Niagara, Ontario. Water status, vine size, winter hardiness, virus titer, yield components, and berry composition were measured on these vines. Remote sensing technologies subsequently collected multispectral data by unmanned aerial vehicles and by proximal sensing technology (GreenSeeker™), which were transformed into the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Direct relationships between NDVI and vine size, water status, yield, berry weight, and titratable acidity were observed, as well as inverse relationships between NDVI and Brix and potentially volatile terpenes. Remote sensing demonstrated the ability to detect vineyard areas differing in measures of vine health, yield, and berry composition in certain sites and years; however, more research is needed to determine when these technologies should be used for precision viticulture applications.

Introduction of rare woody plants in the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Arboretum of the Botanical Garden of the Komi Institute of Biology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is one of the northernmost in Russia, which contains more than 500 taxa of woody plants, including 14 rare and endangered species of various categories and protection status. Six of them need regional protection (Pentaphylloides fruticosa, Ulmus laevis, Pinus sibirica, Tilia cordata, Cotoneaster cinnabarinus, Cotoneaster melanocarpus), the rest are in state protection (Euonymus nana, Cotoneaster cinnabarinus, Cotoneaster lucidus, Staphylea colchica, Juglans ailanthifolia, Rhododendron fauriei, Picea glehnii, Taxus baccata, Microbiota decussata) The largest number plants included in the Red Book of the Komi Republic (2019), characterized by a wide ecological amplitude, have been studied more and more. Attraction to the collection of rare woody plants of the Red Book of Russia is limited by harsh climatic conditions. Ten species of plants of state protection are represented by single specimens and are only maintained in the collection. Winter hardiness of plants is determined every season and phenological observations are carried out. Conservation and attraction of rare plant species to the collection in the conditions of the Komi Republic should become an integral part of the biodiversity conservation strategy.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF WINTER RAPE HYBRIDS

The publication analyzes the portfolio of winter rape hybrids from BASF and conducts a comparative evaluation of them. It was found that these hybrids differed in phenological characteristics and resistance to diseases and unfavorable conditions. The main aspects of each hybrid that accompany it during the growing season are described in detail. Recommendations on the use of hybrids for different sowing dates are also given, which will ensure optimal wintering of winter rape. The hybrids were also evaluated in terms of moisture and its use during the growing season. Information on the timing of harvesting hybrids is important for farmers, as knowing this information allows them to plan harvesting dates, as overripening of winter rapeseed pods often leads to their cracking. That is why our portfolio of winter rapeseed hybrids can be divided into 3 maturity groups: medium early, medium ripe and medium late. An important quality indicator in winter rapeseed is the oil content in the seeds. It depends on the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation, fertilization, moisture supply and the degree of protection against diseases and pests. We analyzed the oil content in seeds for these hybrids. The analysis of BASF's winter rapeseed portfolio shows that the seeds of all the presented hybrids can be used for food purposes under proper growing conditions. Another characteristic of any winter rapeseed hybrid is its resistance to adverse environmental conditions and disease resistance. After analyzing the portfolio of winter rapeseed hybrids, it was found that all hybrids had high winter hardiness and drought resistance (7-8 points out of 9), which generally contributes to the formation of high seed yields with appropriate provision of mineral nutrients and timely chemical treatments against diseases and pests. Thus, from all of the above, it should be noted that it is important to select a winter rape hybrid with high sowing qualities and certain parameters specific to individual soil and climatic zones.

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВИНОГРАДА НА МОРОЗОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ И ЗИМОСТОЙКОСТЬ ВО ВСЕРОССИЙСКОМ НИИ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА И ВИНОДЕЛИЯ ИМЕНИ Я.И. ПОТАПЕНКО

Breeding and varietal studies in All-Russian Research Ya.I. Potapenko Institute for Viticul-ture and Winemaking − branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center» are carried out in the northernmost Russian region of industrial grapevine cultivation. New technical varieties have been bred that have a number of economi-cally valuable features inherent in wild Ameri-can species and Amur grapes, with berry quality close to European varieties. In recent years, technical varieties with white berry: Ledyanoy, Prestige, Izumrud, Nectariy and varieties with colored berry Lyrica, Krasnostop Carpi and Yakhontovy have been transferred to the State variety Testing. The results of the study of these grape varieties in the period from 2015 to 2022 are presented. These varieties have good winter hardiness, consistently high yields, re-sistance to major fungal diseases and are suita-ble for the production of high-quality dry wines. The article presents data on the main ag-robiological and technological indicators, me-chanical and chemical composition of bunches and data on winter hardiness. The tasting eval-uation of the wine material from the studied grape varieties is given. Based on the conduct-ed research, all tested varieties are recommend-ed for the production of high-quality dry wines. The studied grape varieties are used in further breeding work as sources of resistance to fungal diseases and adverse environmental conditions.