Wine Consumption Research Articles

RISK-ORIENTED PREDICTION OF PREGNANCY LOSS PATHOLOGY BASED ON A PERSONALIZED APPROACH

The increase in the frequency of pregnancy loss and the negative prognostic trend with the probable development of the demographic crisis in connection with the martial law in Ukraine and the mass migration of the female population provoked by it, requires the search for all possible ways of prevention and prophylactic of this pathology.
 Aim. Development and scientific substantiation of a risk-oriented model of prevention of pregnancy loss.
 Material and Methods. In the course of creating a model for determining the probability of the appearance of symptoms of pregnancy loss, we used a step-by-step method of logistic regression with the gradual exclusion of unreliable signs according to the Wald method.
 Results and Discussion. In the process of sociological research, the importance of 30 risk factors was analyzed, and 14 factors were singled out from among them using the logistic regression method, which, when combined, have a probable impact on the development of pregnancy loss. Namely: emotional strain/stress in everyday life, first ultrasound and biochemical screening, history of herpes type 1, chlamydial infection, COVID-19, tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis/sinusitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, presence of type I diabetes, use of artificial insemination, wine consumption, additional use of folic acid and drugs, marital status, and computer work. Among these 14 factors, three have a preventive effect, while the other 11 increase the risk of developing the pathology of pregnancy loss. This preventive model is reliable (p<0.001) and was transformed into the application "Individual prediction of the occurrence of pregnancy loss pathology" created for the Android platform, which provides 95.5% accuracy of the prediction of the occurrence of pregnancy loss pathology.
 Conclusions. The personalized preventive model can be applied by general practitioners/family doctors and obstetrician-gynecologists in order to form risk groups among pregnant women and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy loss pathology.

Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption.

Label design, packaging, and the Canadian Millennial/Gen Z wine consumer

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine how Canadian Millennial/Gen Z wine consumers use packaging cues when purchasing wine. Focus groups (ages 19–33) were used to qualitatively evaluate package design preferences. A simulated shopping experience was combined with a series of led discussion questions and sorting exercises. The results showed that when considering wine packaging, Millennials/Gen Z show a preference for simple and modern packaging. They were more likely to experiment with products with non-traditional designs when consuming wine at home or casually with friends. They are concerned with value over quality and expect and perceive modern designs to be well-priced. When the aspirational nature of being a wine drinker and the importance of family and professional recommendations are combined, it was observed that traditional wine labels are still important in this market. Designs that appeal to this age group for personal/casual consumption are simple and streamlined. As this consumer group matures, observing and discussing the shopping behaviors of wine in real time can provide unique insights into their potential shift from traditional to more modern packaging design in the Canadian wine industry.

Decoding the Polyphenol Impact on the Cardiovascular System: A Journey from the French Paradox to Restenosis


 Resveratrol and quercetin, two natural polyphenolic compounds, exhibit potential in veterinary and human medicine for cardiovascular benefits, particularly for the prevention and management of restenosis, a complex process involving blood vessel re-narrowing. This review investigates the impact of these compounds on restenosis in animal models, explaining their modes of action, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative capabilities. Additional insights are provided by the intriguing "French Paradox," in which the Southern French population's low heart disease incidence is associated with red wine and polyphenol-rich diet consumption. Through animal models, we gain essential knowledge about the therapeutic potential, safety, and dosing of resveratrol and quercetin in both veterinary and human clinical settings. Understanding their precise molecular pathways is essential in enhancing their effectiveness in reducing restenosis. The "French Paradox" draws attention to the potential cardiovascular benefits of polyphenols in restenosis. Novel approaches to minimize restenosis in veterinary and human medicine may result from bridging the gap between animal models and human trials.

Перспективы развития глобального рынка вина

The global wine market is driven in its development by a complex mix of history, culture and economics. This article examines the evolution of the market from its ancient roots to its current globalized state, highlighting the emergence of New World wine regions and the challenges and opportunities associated with climate change. The author emphasizes the importance of economic dynamics, from the nuances of supply and demand to the effects of tariffs and technological advances. In addition, the article explores the growing trends in wine con-sumption, highlighting the shift towards organic and biodynamic wine types and changing consumer prefer-ences. The article forecasts the potential growth of the wine market, identifies emerging regions and the role of technology in shaping the future of the industry. For viticultural stakeholders understanding these economic drivers is paramount to ensuring sustainable growth in production and its ability to withstand global challenges.

Population-Level Alcohol Consumption and Homicide Rates in Latin America: A Fixed Effects Panel Analysis, 1961-2019.

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) possesses 8 per cent of the global population but approximately one-third of global homicides. The region also exhibits high per capita alcohol consumption, risky drinking patterns and a heterogeneous mix of beverage preferences. Despite this, LAC violence receives limited attention in the English-language literature and there are no studies of the population-level alcohol-homicide association in the region. We examined the effects on total, male and female homicide rates of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption (22 nations, 1961-2019) and of risky drinking patterns (20 nations, 2005 and 2010). We collected homicide and alcohol data from the World Health Organization. Panel fixed effects models showed (1) per capita total and wine consumption were positively associated with total, male and female homicide rates, though effects were much stronger for males, (2) per capita beer consumption was positively associated with total and male homicide rates, (3) per capita spirits consumption was not associated with homicide rates, and (4) nations with riskier drinking patterns had higher total, male and female homicide rates than those with less risky drinking patterns.

Long-Term Health Outcomes of Regular, Moderate Red Wine Consumption.

Studies that are conducted to assess alcohol's long-term health outcomes generally report the results as a pooled analysis across all types of alcohol. Questions have been raised regarding potential health differences between types of alcohol, such as beer, wine, or spirits. While these three share the same alcohol in the form of ethanol, they differ in the other compounds they contain that are particular to each type of alcohol, specifically the polyphenols in red wine. The generalizability of pooled results may be limited due to the differences in health outcomes that may exist between different types of alcohol and lead to overall conclusions that differ from the subset analysis by type of alcohol that is often reported in the data tables of an article. The objective of this systematic review was to specifically address the assessment of the long-term health outcomes of regular, moderate, red wine consumption. PubMed was searched from 1987 through June 2023. Studies were included if they met all the following criteria: adult participants, red wine consumption and its frequency (close to daily), volume in moderation (1 glass/day for women, 2 glasses/day for men), and measurement of long-term (> 2 years) health outcomes. Nonclinical animal studies, or studies with an endpoint as a marker or biomarker, without a health outcome, of short duration (< 2 years), small size (< 25 subjects), a focus on binge drinking, no wine analysis performed, review articles, meta-analysis, or editorial/commentary were excluded. A total of 74 studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of these, 27 (36%) evaluated cancer outcomes, 14 (19%) evaluated cardiovascular outcomes, 10 (14%) evaluated mortality, 7 (9%) evaluated weight gain, 5 (7%) evaluated dementia, and the remaining 11 evaluated a variety of health outcomes. There were no studies that demonstrated an association between red wine consumption and negative health outcomes. Forty-seven studies demonstrated an association between red wine consumption and positive health outcomes, whereas 26 studies were neutral, and one had mixed results where women had a positive health outcome and men were neutral. All studies on mortality and dementia showed positive health outcomes. From this systematic review of the literature, there is no evidence of an association between moderate red wine consumption and negative health outcomes. Across the various outcomes assessed, a beneficial effect of moderate red wine consumption was consistently seen for mortality and dementia, along with certain cancers (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and cardiovascular conditions (e.g., metabolic syndrome). For other health outcomes, the association was neutral, i.e., neither harmful nor beneficial. This review is not intended to encourage red wine consumption for health outcomes but rather to avoid discouraging moderate red wine consumption based on misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the red wine data due to the reporting of pooled data across all types of alcohol.

Balancing resource relief and critical health needs through reduced-risk product transition

This paper explores regional disparities in avoidable mortalities and hospital discharges, influenced by factors associated with high-risk behaviors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and inadequate physical activity levels. We gathered data from various official sources (ISTAT and Eurostat) and conducted a comprehensive panel data regression analysis to investigate the intricate relationships between these variables. The study found that a higher prevalence of smokers is associated with increased avoidable mortality and hospital discharges. Specifically, a 1% decrease in the percentage of smokers led to an average reduction of 12.76 hospital discharges per 10,000 inhabitants. This reduction translated to an estimated total saving of approximately 331 million Euros across all regions in 2020. Similarly, excessive wine consumption was linked to higher rates of preventable mortality and hospital discharges. A one unit drop in the number of heavy drinkers per 1,000 inhabitants would result in a saving of about 60 million Euros. Furthermore, the variable indicating the prevalence of individuals aged 3 and above who never engage in sports was positively correlated with adverse health outcomes. A 1% decrease in the number of individuals in this category would lead to a saving of approximately 223 million Euros. In parallel, we analyzed pathologies associated with smoking, which include lung cancer, respiratory ailments, and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, we explored the potential benefits of transitioning from high-risk to reduced-risk products, aiming at alleviating the strain on the healthcare system while reallocating resources to address critical health needs. The results suggest that if 50 percent of smokers transitioned to reduced-risk products such as e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco, the NHS could potentially save 722 million Euros in terms of smoking-related illnesses. Among the healthcare systems examined, Lombardy stands to gain the most from this transition, with an estimated annual saving of approximately 140 million Euros. The findings indicate that there is potential for further savings in the National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, NHS) by advocating for a reduction in high-risk behaviors.

Australian Red Wines Made from Non-Traditional, Emerging Red Grape Varieties: Distinguishing Sensory Profiles and Consumer Perceptions

To sustain the Australian wine sector, it needs to adopt innovative strategies to adapt to rising temperatures brought by climate change. A potential approach is cultivating more drought-resistant emerging grape varieties with diverse flavour profiles to reduce, in part, the current reliance on major varieties. The study aimed to 1) explore sensory profiles of Australian wines made from three emerging red wine grape varieties, 2) determine consumer perceptions and liking of these wines and 3) evaluate whether these three emerging varietal wines display similar sensory characteristics to three major Australian varietal wines. An expert sensory panel (n = 8) performed a sorting task with 38 commercially available Australian wines (10 Montepulciano, 10 Nero d’Avola and 9 Touriga Nacional) and three each produced from Shiraz, Grenache and Cabernet-Sauvignon for exploration of sensory similarity and quality screening purposes, with three wines removed from further study. A Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) panel of trained wine tasters (n = 36) evaluated the wines to produce sensory profiles and collect preliminary liking. Finally, a subset (n = 9 total) of the emerging wines was selected for consumer trials. Red wine consumers (n = 116) liked all wine samples independent of their knowledge and wine behaviour. Similarity scores indicated that consumers found the most significant similarity between Shiraz and Montepulciano, and Cabernet-Sauvignon and Touriga Nacional wines. The expert and trained tasters also drew similar comparisons between Shiraz and Montepulciano, but also between Grenache and Nero d’Avola wines, yet not towards Cabernet-Sauvignon and Touriga Nacional wines. The findings support the consumer acceptance and perceived similarities between the sensory profile of Shiraz and Montepulciano and Nero d’Avola and Grenache varietal wines, highlighting the potential for producers to adopt these more drought-resistant varieties as alternatives in a warmer future.

Consumer engagement with sustainable wine: An application of the Transtheoretical Model

Sustainable wine is an important emergent wine category for which there is limited research on levels of consumer engagement and the multifaceted drivers of that engagement. Here, I extend prior research largely limited to organic wine, and apply the Transtheoretical Model of Behavioural Change (TTM) for the first time to determine consumer engagement around eight sustainable wine behaviours, and the role of purchase motivators, wine involvement and demographic factors in predicting those behaviours. The online survey of 727 Canadian wine consumers determined the action stage for each sustainable wine behaviour (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, or action), and multinomial logistic regressions assessed the drivers of both action and inaction (precontemplation). Results show that most consumers are in a change stage with respect to sustainable wine behaviours (i.e., contemplation or preparation), suggesting the need for both education and sustainable certification initiatives. Generally, neither gender, income, province of residence, education nor the importance of price in wine purchase decisions associated with action stage for behaviours. In contrast, wine involvement and the importance of sustainability cues in wine purchase were the strongest and most consistent predictors of both action and inaction, while age and the importance of both taste expectation and perceived quality were predictive for some behaviours. I conclude that TTM is a very useful construct for assessing the nuances of consumer behaviour toward sustainable products, and the findings provide guidance for stakeholders interested in promoting greater sustainability in the wine industry through influencing consumer choice behaviour.

THE PERCEPTIONS OF WINE CONSUMERS REGARDING THE USE OF DIGITAL WINE LISTS IN DIGITALLY ORIENTED RESTAURANTS

The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the perceptions of wine consumers regarding the use of digital wine lists in restaurants. The empirical research was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire, which was completed by 406 respondents from 2020 to 2021. The data analysis applied descriptive statistics, KolmogorovSmirnov test, Levene’s test, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The results showed that restaurants with digital wine lists are preferred by consumers who are at the young age group (between the ages of 18 and 35), have no prior knowledge about wine, and visit restaurants frequently (a few times per month). These respondents are willing to recommend digitally oriented restaurants and their services to others. The results and conclusions presented in this research could serve as a foundation for decision-makers and managers in restaurants to consider the introduction of digital wine lists and to improve their restaurant’s attractiveness.

Wine Attitude Scale for Consumer Research (WASCR): Scale Development and Validation in Spanish Population

Wine is a fundamental cultural and economic asset for Spain and other European’s countries. Understanding the consumer behavior is of great importance in designing marketing strategies to promote and encourage a product purchase. This research proposes developing and validating an attitudinal scale of the consumer outlook toward wine consumption. A total of 2,189 participants from the Sherry wine region (Andalusia, Spain) participated in the study. A resulting 16-item scale was estimated to meet the reliability criteria and the Principal Component Analysis after exploring the results. Three dimensions were found: one that integrate consumer experiences (Wine Experience), the elements related to the healthy perception of wine consumption (Health Consumption) and those related to factors linked to the social nature of wine consumption (Social Consumption). The Wine Attitude Scale for Consumer Research (WASCR) it has potential use for segmenting different consumer profiles and to be useful tool for wine producers. Therefore, the scale is proposed for use in different research contexts and other populations of interest in future studies.

Russian and World Wine Industry Development Features

According to a report published by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine, the main global trends are shrinking vineyards, reduced wine production, and declining wine consumption. The article analyses the wine industry of countries around the world for the period 2012-2021. The main wine-producing regions of the world are highlighted, and industry trends are reflected. The aim of the paper is to analyse the wine industry of the countries of the world for the period 2012-2021, the indicators that characterise the state and dynamics of the wine industry: the area of vine plantations, the volume of grape production, wine consumption, international trade in grapes and wine. The author used the following methods for the study: abstract-logical (for theoretical generalisation of research and justification of conclusions); calculative-constructive and comparative (for analysis of the current state of development of the industry); statistical-economic (to study the dynamics of grape production and wine consumption). Special attention is given to the specific features of the wine industry in the Russian Federation: history of its development, wine-producing regions, and constraints. The measures aimed at the development of the wine industry in the Russian Federation are proposed. It has been established that the wine market in Russia is showing a gradual increase in the interest of domestic consumers in the product. Russian consumers are becoming more educated about wine culture and more demanding about the quality of wine drinks. Domestic winemaking is actively developing thanks to state support, and international sanctions have only served to stimulate growth and encourage consumers to become more familiar with Russian winemaking. Retailers are increasing the number of domestic drinks in the matrix. The Russian domestic wine market is attractive to investors due to its volume and development prospects. In the next 10 years, the Russian wine market is expected to grow by 2-3 times.

A sip in the Metaverse: how to implement a multisensory vineyard

ABSTRACT With disruptive technologies being employed in the wine industry, the Metaverse – defined as an interactive, immersive environment that allows users to traverse between virtual and physical worlds, and enables them to interact with digital content and each other in a shared space, transcending the limitations of time, space, and physicality in a more realistic and engaging way – provides evidence of intriguing opportunities to curate more immersive virtual vineyard experiences for consumers. We offer a glimpse of how the Metaverse can revolutionize consumers’ wine tasting experiences. Drawing on extant literature on multisensory wine consumption and different technologies, we provide a comprehensive definition of the Metaverse and propose a VINEYARD framework for academics and practitioners to consider in navigating through the ‘metaversification’ of virtual vineyard experiences. Furthermore, we identify key benefits and potential challenges when incorporating the Metaverse into vineyard management and marketing. Finally, we propose several metrics for practitioners to assess the sustainable development of virtual vineyard experiences in the Metaverse.

Understanding the relationship between tropical fruit aroma, acceptance, and emotional response in chardonnay wines

Tropical fruit aromas are prominent in many white wines. The purpose of this work was to determine if winemaking practices could impact the tropical fruit aromas in the Chardonnay wines and how those aroma differences influenced wine consumers acceptance and emotional responses. Four treatments were tested at varying fermentation temperature gradients and skin contact times: control fermentation at 13 °C with no skin contact (Control), fermentation at 13 °C with 18 h of skin contact (SC), fermentation temperature gradient by time (20 °C for 4 days then reduced to 13 °C) with no skin contact (FG), fermentation temperature gradient by time with 18 h of skin contact (SCFG). Acceptance, using a 7-point hedonic scale, showed there was not a significant difference between treatments. Emotional response, using a 5-point Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) scale, showed significant differences for ‘calm’ and ‘disgusted’ emotions. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) for aroma descriptors showed that Control is described using aromas of passionfruit, lychee, and pome fruit; SC had aromas of grapefruit and floral; FG was described as having melon, lychee, and pineapple aromas; and SCFG was described with aromas of lemon/lime, mango, and guava. Positive emotions were associated with fruity aromas in the wines, although no difference in acceptance was found. Winemaking treatments impacted the aroma profile of chardonnay wine, with tropical aromas evoking positive emotions in consumers. The relationship between specific aromas and consumers emotion responses can be an important tool to understand the factors behind a wine’s success or lack thereof. Moreover, it can help with the creation of new wine products.

Exploring how consumer cooperatives might strategically incorporate social media to distribute wine

AbstractThis research advances our understanding of disruptions to marketing channels in the digital world by investigating the viability of consumer cooperative systems which are envisioned as multi‐actor constructed networks using social media (SM) platforms. It introduces the concepts of “social media consumer wine cooperator” as a new distribution channel for wine and investigates the consumer's intention to participate in an SM and become a wine cooperator. Relying on the uses and gratifications theory (UGT), we adopted a quantitative research inquiry with data gathered using an online survey involving a sample of 486 French consumers. We empirically tested the relationships among four factors: attitude toward buying wine based on SM recommendations, perceived risks, intention to buy wine on SM, and consumer intention to become an SM wine cooperator. Findings indicate that the intention to be an SM wine cooperator is positively correlated with attitude toward buying wine based on SM recommendations and the intention to purchase wine on SM. To finish with, we link the concept of the consumer wine co‐op to the current debate in the literature on centralized versus decentralized (built on top of blockchain networks) social media platforms, opening the door for future research avenues.

Variation of wine preference amongst consumers is influenced by the composition of salivary proteins

The preferences of consumers for different flavours and aromas in wine are varied and may be explained by inherent factors such as cultural background, wine education and personal taste of the wine consumer. Wine flavour, as perceived in the mouth, includes aroma compounds released through the retronasal pathway, which are shaped by interactions with saliva. Saliva and wine interactions could provide an explanation as to why wine tasters express different preferences for wine. To test this hypothesis, 13 Western and 13 Chinese experienced wine tasters were recruited. Sensory evaluation was performed in formal surroundings to acquire free description-based and perceived sensory intensity data using the Pivot® Profile and continuous scale assessment, respectively. Participants’ saliva samples were collected before the sensory evaluation and spiked into a wine sample to investigate the impact on the wine’s volatile release using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC × GC–MS). Saliva samples were subjected to enzyme activity assays and protein composition profiling by Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics. The wine tasters showed differences in wine flavour perception, which was supported by the difference in wine volatile release resulting from the addition of saliva. The two groups of participants did not have significant differences in total salivary protein concentrations or the amounts of esterase and α-amylase. However, statistically significant variations in the concentrations of specific proteins (proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and lipocalin-1 (LCN-1); p < 0.01) were found between the two groups. Significant correlations between perceived intensities of wine attributes and concentrations of PRPs and LCN-1 were observed. These results indicate that the composition of proteins in saliva is a factor that influences wine perception and preference. Our results provide a biochemical basis for understanding preference for food based on interactions between aroma compounds and salivary proteins and could be used to suggest foods or beverages to particular cultural groups.

Winemaking: “With One Stone, Two Birds”? A Holistic Review of the Bio-Functional Compounds, Applications and Health Benefits of Wine and Wineries’ By-Products

The plethora of bio-functional compounds present in fermented alcoholic beverages like wine, as well as the valorisation of bioactives from wineries’/breweries’ by-products like grape pomace and grape seed, has gained significant interest in the functional foods sector. This functional beverage, wine, has always accompanied humanity, for religion or for health, especially in the Mediterranean, while the benefits of its moderate consumption were documented even by the Greek physician Hippocrates of Kos (460–370 BC). After a big gap, an outbreak of research on wine benefits has surfaced only since the 1990s, when the term “French paradox” was introduced to the US public during a CBS show, while recent evidence has outlined that the beneficial effects of wine consumption are derived by the synergisms of its bio-functional compounds and their digestion-derived metabolites. Within this article, the proposed health benefits of moderate wine consumption, as a functional component of a balanced diet (i.e., the Mediterranean diet) against inflammation-related chronic disorders, is thoroughly reviewed. The various bio-functional compounds of both wine and wineries’ by-products, such as their bioactive phenolics, unsaturated fatty acids, polar lipids and dietary fibres, and their functional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic health-promoting properties, are also thoroughly evaluated. The mechanisms of action and synergism, by which the health benefits are elicited, are also explored. Functional properties of non-alcoholic wine products are also introduced. Emphasis is also given to applications of wineries’ by-products bioactives, as ingredients of bio-functional foods, supplements and nutraceuticals. Limitations and future perspectives for this popular functional alcoholic beverage (wine) and its rich in bioactives by-products are also addressed.

Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: The Mediterranean Diet as a Protective Choice.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are on the rise worldwide, and such a rapid increase is mainly driven by environmental factors related to changed lifestyles in "modern" societies. In this context, diet seems to play a crucial role. An unhealthy high-energy diet, rich in animal fat and proteins, salt and refined sugars (the so-called "Western diet") negatively influences the risk of autoimmunity by altering the immune balance and the gut microbiota composition, enhancing oxidative stress and promoting inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet represents a unique model of healthy eating, characterized by a high intake of food from vegetable sources, a low consumption of saturated fats in favor of unsaturated fats (mainly, olive oil), a moderate consumption of fish (typically, the small oily fishes) and dairy products, as well as a moderate consumption of wine at meals, and a low intake of meat. Thanks to its nutritional components, the Mediterranean Diet positively influences immune system function, gut microbiota composition, and redox homeostasis, exerting anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The present review was aimed at exploring the existing knowledge on the correlations between dietary habits and thyroid autoimmunity, to evaluate the role of the Mediterranean diet as a protective model.

Wine consumer typologies based on level of involvement: a case of Turkey

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to segment Turkish wine customers based on their level of involvement. This study profiles them based on their wine drinking motivations, wine attributes, information sources, wine purchasing and consumption behaviour and socio-demographic characteristics.Design/methodology/approachFor this study, a structured online questionnaire was used to collect data from the listed email addresses of institutes, universities and commercial websites. The sample size was 708 people. After splitting consumers into three groups based on their involvement levels in wine (high, moderate and low), the study profiles them by implementing ANOVA, principal component and chi-square analyses.FindingsThe study identifies the differences between groups with different involvement levels in wine regarding drinking motivations, wine attributes, information sources, consumption and purchasing behaviour as well as socio-demographic characteristics.Originality/valueAlthough there are a few studies in the literature evaluating wine consumers from various nations, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating wine consumers based on involvement levels in Turkey, where alcoholic beverages are excessively taxed, and advertising is banned and promoting them is limited.