Response Bandwidth Research Articles

Optically Pumped Ultrafast and Broadband Terahertz Modulation with Scalable Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown MoTe2/Si Heterostructures

AbstractDespite advancements in terahertz (THz) modulators, achieving a balance between large modulation depth (MD) and fast modulation speed in scalable devices remains a significant challenge. Optically pumped THz modulators with high MD, broad bandwidth, and fast response times are essential for progress in THz technology. Here, scalable MoTe2/Si van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are grown via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as an optically pumped THz modulators, leveraging its favorable band alignment and seamless integration with silicon complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. High‐quality bilayer, 5‐layer, and 7‐layer MoTe2 films are grown on high‐resistivity silicon, with the bilayer modulator achieving a maximum 74.6% modulation depth under 355 nm illumination of 4.8 W mm−2 at 0.25 THz. The bilayer device exhibited fast rise and fall times of 1.8 and 0.6 µs, respectively, and provided broadband modulation across the 0.1 to 1.0 THz range. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that higher modulation depth significantly enhances THz imaging quality with promising applications in detecting pharmaceutical forgeries. Overall, these ultrafast, broadband THz modulators provide a promising route for advancing next‐generation THz technology, enhancing applications in wireless communication, precision detection, and high‐resolution THz imaging, fostering future innovation.

Design of miniaturized and polarization insensitive frequency selective surface filter with large band ratio

In this paper, a miniaturized and polarization insensitive frequency selective surface filter with large band ratio (BR) is presented. This structure consists of one metal layer and two dielectric layers. The metal layer includes two parts, with the outer square loop providing a lower frequency stopband and the inner pattern providing a higher frequency stopband. The structure has excellent miniaturization characteristics, in particular, the unit size is only 0.054λ0 and the thickness is only 0.014λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonant frequency. Additionally, there is only one layer of metal layer, which greatly reduces the processing complexity and cost. The measurement results show that for TE and TM polarization, the center frequencies of the two stop bands are 2.03 and 18.98 GHz corresponding to a BR of 9.35. It can be used as a spatial dual frequency filter with large frequency band separation. In addition, the proposed structure also possesses advantages such as wideband response, polarization insensitivity, and high angle stability. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results.

O-band membrane photodetector with InGaAsP-bulk absorption core using Franz-Keldysh effect.

There has been an increasing need for small, low-cost, and low-power consumption optical transceivers for short-reach fiber links. Waveguide-integrated photodetectors (PDs) with wide bandwidth and high responsivity on Si photonics platforms are an essential element for these applications. We have fabricated an O-band membrane PD which is suitable for integration with high-performance III-V-based membrane devices such as lasers and modulators, and passive waveguide circuits on the Si photonics platforms. The membrane PD consists of an InGaAsP-bulk absorption core embedded with an InP-based lateral p-i-n junction. The width of the InGaAsP absorption core is designed to be 350 nm and the doped regions overlap with the edges of the core to reduce the carrier transit time. In the structure, however, photocarriers generated in the doped core appear to be a limiting factor of the operating speed since the photocarriers diffuse into the depletion region with a long time constant. To avoid this, we design the bandgap wavelength of the absorption core to be shorter than the operating wavelength. As the electric field is mainly applied to the undoped InGaAsP absorption core region when the reverse bias is applied to the PD, the absorption coefficient in the undoped core region increases due to Franz-Keldysh effect (FKE) while the doped regions maintain a low absorption coefficient due to the wavelength detuning. A membrane PD with an absorption length of 30 µm integrated with the SiOx waveguide was fabricated by using a heterogeneous integration technique on a Si photonics platform. We verified that the FKE causes the photocurrent to increase. In addition, the OE bandwidth was observed to increase due to the wavelength detuning. The fabricated PD exhibited a fiber-to-PD responsivity of 0.6 A/W and a bandwidth over 67 GHz. Eye openings for 100-Gbit/s NRZ signals were demonstrated at a stage temperature of 25°C.

High External Quantum Efficiency and Ultra-Narrowband Organic Photodiodes Using Single-Component Photoabsorber With Multiple-Resonance Effect.

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) that utilize wavelength-selective absorbing molecules offer a direct approach to capturing specific wavelengths of light in multispectral sensors/imaging systems without filters. However, they exhibit broad response bandwidths, low external quantum efficiency (EQE), and often require compromises in two-component photoactive materials. Herein, the first utility of boron-nitrogen (BN) single-component photoabsorbers, leveraging a multi-resonance effect are introduced to attain OPDs with both record-high EQE of 33.77% and ultra-small full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of 36 nm in the reported narrowband OPDs using single-component photoabsorbers. It is found that the outstanding performance of these narrowband OPDs can be attributed to the ultra-small FWHM, slow charge recombination, low activation energy, and balanced bipolar charge transport within the para-tert-butyl substituted B,N-embedded rigid polycyclic molecule (BNCz) film. Furthermore, BN derivatives such as BN(p)SCH3, BN(p)SO2CH3, and pyBN-m-H have also shown high EQE, minimal FWHM, and tunable photoresponse peaks ranging from blue-violet to blue-turquoise, highlighting the potential of BN molecules and molecular engineering in the development of novel narrowband absorbers for advanced wavelength-selective OPDs. Such pioneering working can provide a class of novel narrowband absorbers to propel the advancement of high-performance wavelength-selective OPDs.

A novel horizontal self-tuning piezoelectric energy harvester based on a beam-slider system

Abstract With the rapid development of piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies, this approach is emerging as a promising power source for smart sensors. Despite this progress, a significant challenge remains in achieving a wider bandwidth while increasing the output power. In response to this challenge, this paper introduces a horizontal self-tuning beam-slider piezoelectric energy harvester (STBS-PEH). This innovative harvester employs a unilateral beam-slider mechanism to enable self-tuning of the energy harvesting by adjusting its resonant frequency to match the external excitation frequency. The electromechanical coupled dynamic model of this harvester has been established. Comprehensive simulations and experimental analysis have been conducted to demonstrate the wide bandwidth and high output power characteristics of the proposed harvester. Notably, the simulation results exhibit strong agreement with the experimental findings. The resonance response bandwidth of the STBS-PEH is particularly noteworthy, which is twice that of a conventional cantilever beam piezoelectric energy harvester. The root mean square (RMS) voltage and output power of the developed STBS-PEH can reach 23.54 V and 194.61 µW, respectively, at a frequency of 21 Hz, with an excitation amplitude of 0.5 g. These results demonstrate that the STBS-PEH is capable of powering low-power electronic devices in a broadband vibrational environment.

Two birds with one stone strategy of 2D MOF derived heterostructure for supercapacitor and electromagnetic absorption applications

Composite materials incorporating carbon skeletons and metal oxides exhibit considerable potential for applications as supercapacitors and electromagnetic (EM) absorbers. Herein, we concurrently integrate their merits in three C/M (M=Fe, Cu, Co) composites. Highly dispersed nanoparticles on the carbon layers generate abundant heterointerfaces, and the carbon framework derived from 2D MOF also provides crucial structural contribution to EM absorption. The structural evolution of the C/M hybrid heterostructure has been deeply analyzed. Consequently, C/Fe-700 demonstrates excellent specific capacitance of 168.7 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 and EM absorption performance, featuring a strong reflection loss down to –57.3 dB and a broad response bandwidth of 5.49 GHz. Through a comprehensive investigation of the structural evolution within the materials, this study delineates a feasible approach for diverse applications in both supercapacitors and EM absorbers.

Circularly Polarized Variations of Truncated Corner Square Microstrip Antennas Employing a U-slot

Circularly polarized designs of square microstrip antennas employing U-slot are presented in a 2400 MHz frequency spectrum. Design with a U-slot employing unequal lengths or the corner truncated patch with equal length U-slot yields axial ratio bandwidths of 3.84% and 2.2%, respectively. Against the conventional offset feed patches or the truncated corner square patches, the proposed designs decrease the frequency and patch size by 10% and 22%, respectively. Reduction in the frequency and patch area, while employing the U-slot is not being discussed in the reported papers on the circularly polarized designs, and hence it is the new contribution in the present study. The U-slot cut configurations exhibit a radiation pattern in the broadside with a gain of larger than 6 dBi across the complete reflection coefficient bandwidth. To obtain a wideband and circular polarized response using a single patch, a reconfigurable design of a corner truncated square patch employed with a U-slot is presented. A design methodology is presented based on the resonant length formulation to obtain reconfigurable U-slot cut design as per specific band start frequency in wideband response or center frequency in the axial ratio bandwidth in the circular polarized antenna. This helps to design these configurations for the specific frequency band. Simulated results in the proposed design are verified using the measurements that reflect a close agreement.

Vis-infrared wide-band and self-powered photodetectors base on CuI/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure

The realization of self-powered and wide-band detection functions through a single photodetector is an important development direction for the next generation of photodetectors. Here, the CuI/MoS2 heterojunction photodetectors constructed by combining dry and wet transfer techniques has achieved self-powered and wide-band detection. Under 405 nm illumination, CuI/MoS2 heterojunction PDs achieved an open circuit voltage of 90mV and a short-circuit current of 4.869 nA, and in self-powered operation mode, the responsivity can reach 386 mA/W. In addition, within the testing wavelength range of 405 nm to 1010 nm, the responsivity of CuI/MoS2 heterojunction photodetectors is significantly better than that of a single MoS2 photodetectors, with a 3.35-fold boost in responsivity at the highest value. These results indicate that CuI/MoS2 heterojunction photodetectors have better wide-band response in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. Moreover, we have developed a signal recognition system to demonstrate the wide-band imaging capability of photodetectors. This work reveals the strong potential of CuI/MoS2 heterojunction photodetectors in the fields of self-powered and wide-band optoelectronic detection.

On the theory of spectral compression-assisted optical temporal differentiation

Bandwidth limitation represents a significant factor that degrades the performance of optical devices. The dimensions, composition and configuration of optical devices impose intrinsic constraints on processing broadband optical pulse signals. The enhancement of the response bandwidth of optical devices represents a significant challenge. In this study, we put forward the theory of self-similar spectral compression (SSSC), which involves solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients by using the Taylor expansion and residual theorem. The spectral waveform can be precisely preserved in the process of SSSC, leading to a predictable compression factor without pedestals. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SSSC, we present a case study by designing an on-chip optical time-domain differentiator (OTD) system including a silicon-based tapered spiral waveguide. A 200-fs chirped pulse is well differentiated at multiple orders in the OTD system. Although the linear loss of spiral waveguide has a detrimental impact on SSSC, the broadband spectrum can still be self-similarly compressed, leading to a reduction of differentiation deviation of 22.5 times. The proposed SSSC theory offers valuable guidance for designing all-optical signal processing systems with high spectral resolution and low signal error.

Ultracompact isolated multilayer broadside-coupled balun with arbitrary isolation bandwidth

Abstract An isolated low-profile multilayer all-ports-matched broadside-coupled balun (BCB) with arbitrary isolation bandwidth is presented. Analytical relations are derived and provided for the isolation circuit (IC) design in terms of electrical and physical parameters. Accordingly, instructions are given on obtaining optimum bandwidth and isolation responses for the IC. Design procedure for the BCB is presented together with a case study for power amplifier application. The BCB is validated theoretically, analytically, and experimentally, and results are in good agreement. The fabricated balun has insertion loss of 0.27 dB, input and output return losses of 19 dB, isolation of 20 dB at fc, and phase and magnitude imbalance better than 2° and 0.2 dB across the Bandwidth (BW), respectively. The realized isolated balun has dimensions of 0.06λg × 0.03λg.

A self‐packaged multilayer all‐metal integrated suspended slotline dual‐band filter

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel implementation technology for realizing dual‐band bandpass filtering responses using high‐ slotline resonators with self‐packaged multilayer configuration. The concept of a 3D slotline is introduced, which utilizes the innovative metal‐integrated suspended line (MISL) technology. This technology utilizes an all‐metal structure, effectively eliminating dielectric loss. Furthermore, the implementation of an encapsulated structure significantly reduces radiation loss in the slotlines. Thus, the factors are greatly improved. Based on MISL, a dual‐band bandpass filter with wideband responses and multiple transmission zeros was designed, fabricated, and tested based on 3D cascaded‐mode half‐wavelength resonators. The test results demonstrated a high level of consistency with the simulation results, confirming the high‐ characteristics of the proposed 3D slotlines.

Study on the influence of heave plate on energy capture performance of central pipe oscillating water column wave energy converter

This paper proposes a novel central pipe oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter (WEC) with a heave plate and investigates the influence of heave plate on energy capture performance of the OWC WEC through numerical methods. First, dynamic equations are established for floater and water column. Then, energy capture performance of the WEC is computed by solving relative motion equations using numerical methods. Wave tank experiments are conducted to validate the proposed numerical models. Finally, the influences of heave plate opening diameter and connecting column length on energy capture performance are investigated based on the proposed numerical models. The results indicate that increasing heave plate opening diameter decreases both the maximum capture width ratio (CWR) and response period. And increasing connecting column length widens the response bandwidth. When the heave plate opening diameter decreases from 350 mm to 0, the maximum CWR increases from 30.05 % to 41.68 % and the response period increases from 1.28 s to 1.72 s. When the connecting column length increases from 225 mm to 600 mm, the response band extends by 0.1 s. The proposed device and the obtained analysis results are of great significance for broadband and efficient wave energy generation.

Generation and tuning of notched bands in wideband THz antennas using graphene/metal strips

Abstract A technique is implemented for obtaining tunable band notch/filtering features in terahertz (THz) monopole wideband antennas. A parasitic metal strip is engraved in the antenna radiator, which creates the band notch characteristics in the wideband response. The tunability of the created notched band can be obtained by engraving a non-resonant U-shaped graphene strip in the radiator. The change in the material properties of the graphene strip alters the nature of field confinement in the antenna structure, enabling tunability in the filtering frequency band. Moreover, multiple notch bands can be obtained by carefully selecting the material of the parasitic element U-shaped graphene strip. Thus, the antenna response can be configured for dual- and triple- band filtering operation by varying the materials used for the strips to obtain band notch operation and a U-shaped graphene sheet.

Beam steerable MIMO antenna based on conformal passive reflective metasurface for 5G millimeter wave applications

A conformal reflective metasurface fed by a dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for low-cost beam steering applications in 5G Millimeter-wave frequency bands. The beam steering is accomplished by selecting a specific port of MIMO antenna. Each MIMO port is associated with a beam that points in a different direction due to a conformal reflective metasurface. This novel conformal metasurface antenna design has the advantages of higher gain, lower cost, a simpler feeding source, and a lower profile when compared to traditional reflective metasurfaces using bulky horn antennas and phased arrays with complex feeding networks and phase shifters for beam steering. The proposed beam steering antenna consists of a compact five-element dual-band MIMO and a 32×32\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$32 \ imes 32$$\\end{document} unit-cell conformal dual-band reflective metasurface placed at the top of the MIMO antenna to obtain the beam steering capability as well as gain enhancement. The proposed reflective metasurface has a stable response under oblique incidence angles of up to 600\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$60^0$$\\end{document} at 24 GHz and 38 GHz and its symmetric, single-layer structure, ensures polarization insensitivity and stable response under conformal conditions. The presented MIMO antenna design is not only compact but also offers a wideband response effectively covering the desired 5G mm-wave frequency bands. The overall size of the MIMO antenna alone is 70 ×\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ imes$$\\end{document} 12 mm2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hbox {mm}^2$$\\end{document} with a maximum gain of 5.4 and 7.2 dB. It is further improved up to 13.1 and 14.2 dB at 24 and 38 GHz respectively, with a beam steering range of ś400\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$40^0$$\\end{document} by using a conformal reflective metasurface. Unlike the existing beam steering strategies, the suggested method is not only cost-effective but also increases the overall directivity and gain of the source MIMO antenna. The measured results agree with the simulated results, making it a potential candidate in the 5G and beyond beam steering applications.

Broadband and widely tunable second harmonic generation in suspended thin-film LiNbO3 rib waveguides

Our study demonstrates second harmonic generation (SHG) in a high confinement LiNbO3 rib waveguide through type-I birefringence phase matching of fundamental modes. The combination of micro-waveguide dispersion and material birefringence reveals unique SHG characteristics that complement the performance of standard LiNbO3 on insulator (LNOI) components. Dual-pump wavelength phase matching in the near-infrared and mid-infrared regions is shown in a given waveguide. These two wavelengths can be positioned in the 1.1–3.5 μm range or converge near 1.5 μm by adjusting the core waveguide size or through temperature tuning. A 25 °C temperature change enables a broad pump tunability band of 300 nm, ranging from 1350 to 1650 nm, with a conversion efficiency exceeding 40 %/W/cm2 within a single waveguide. A temperature tuning range of up to 900 nm is foreseen by tailoring the waveguide core size. In addition, a broadband response of 150 nm within the telecom window is demonstrated experimentally. The nonlinear waveguide, etched in a thin film membrane, is combined with titanium-indiffused waveguides to form a monolithic LiNbO3 component. This configuration provides low coupling losses of 0.8 dB and single-mode operation. It paves the way for a new generation of versatile and cost-effective frequency conversion components with wide-band spectral responses suitable for optical communications, environmental sensing, and quantum information processing.

All-optical platform for ultrasound transmission matrix measurements

Piezoelectric ultrasound transducers are constrained by size, bandwidth, and angular response, limiting their ability to fully characterize the acoustic properties of objects. In this study, we introduce a novel modular all-optical platform for ultrasound generation and detection to overcome these limitations, demonstrating wideband operation (>50 MHz), omnidirectional response, and high signal fidelity. Ultrasound generation is performed via the optoacoustic effect by illuminating an optically absorbing coating with spatially modulated pulsed light, and ultrasound detection is carried out using a silicon-photonic acoustic detector. By illuminating patterns that span a basis and scanning the detector, the full transmission matrix is measured, consisting of the acoustic waveforms for all the transmitter–receiver pairs in the measurement geometry. Our method is experimentally demonstrated in transmission mode for beam steering, beam focusing, and imaging, achieving excellent agreement with the theory.

A compact circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with MIMO characterizations for UWB applications.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is extensively used in indoor navigation, medical applications, and Internet of Things devices due to its low power consumption and resilience against multipath fading and losses. This paper examines a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna for UWB systems. Compact form factor, high gain, wideband response, improved port isolation, and high data rates are the major design goals. This arrangement consists of two identical DRAs with self-decoupled orthogonal orientations eliminating the need for extra decoupling structures while achieving an impressive maximum isolation of 43 dB. The corner-edge feeding mechanism of the extended feedline generates two orthogonal E-fields, facilitating circular polarization. Additionally, a printed hook-shaped stub integrated with the ground plane enhances CP performance across the two operating bands without altering the DR structure. Fabrication and testing exhibit an impressive 133 impedance bandwidth (2.5-14 GHz) with high port isolation. For a 3 dB axial ratio reference, the single-element design exhibits axial ratio bandwidths (ARBW) of 1.2 GHz (3.6-4.8 GHz) and 0.8 GHz (9.3-10.1 GHz). Remarkably, the MIMO configuration achieves a single ARBW of 0.5 GHz (3.9-4.4 GHz). Detailed investigations of MIMO performance parameters, including diversity gain, envelope correlation coefficient, channel capacity loss, and total active reflection coefficient, underscore the design's efficacy, making it a good choice for UWB wireless applications.

Design of highly efficient filtering power amplifier with a wideband response for sub-6 GHz 5G applications

This paper presents the design of a filtering power amplifier (PA) with extra-high power-efficiency and wide bandwidth. To accomplish this, a novel approach is adopted by utilizing a wideband bandpass filter (BPF) as the output matching network (OMN) for the PA. The BPF compromises two paths, where each path consisting of two identical coupled lines that are interconnected to form a ring structure. The suggested configuration eliminates the need for a conventional OMN by integrating the input port of the filter with the drain node of the transistor, resulting in reduced size and losses and improved amplifier performance. The filter concept is illustrated using coupling matrix synthesis. A proof-of-concept filtering PA has been designed using a commercially available 10 W GaN HEMT. This amplifier was designed to operate in the frequency range of 3.0–5.0 GHz, yielding a fractional bandwidth of 50 %. According to achieved results, the drain efficiency and output power are 43.8–70.5 % and 40.2–41.8 dBm, respectively. As a result, the suggested filtering PA demonstrates significant performance in terms of filter bandwidth response and power amplification. Additionally, the proposed filtering PA has a broad operational bandwidth of 3.0–5.0 GHz, which covers the 5G New Radio (NR) n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz), and n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz) frequency bands.

Magnetic bimetallic nanoparticles confined growth for enhancement of electromagnetic loss in void@Fe@SiO2/Co/C particles

The dispersion of diverse magnetic metallic in a single particle plays an important role in microwave absorption; however, its contribution is not clear due to the challenge of controllable synthesis of magnetic bimetallic nanoparticles in one micro/nanostructure. Herein, a series of magnetic bimetallic nanoparticles separately confined growth in a hollow multi-shell microsphere with proper impedance matching characteristic were prepared, which can be used as theoretical models to elucidate magnetic coupling effect between diverse magnetic metallic nanoparticles in a single particle on electromagnetic attenuation. The coupling effect of magnetic Co and Fe nanoparticles dispersed in different shell effectively enhance the microwave absorption performance of void@Fe@SiO2/Co/C particles with minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −62.3 dB (RL=-20 dB, 99 % absorption) at a thickness of 2.05 mm, provoking the maximum radar cross-section (RCS) reduction value of perfect electric conductor (PEC) 37.37 dBm2. Meanwhile, broad effective bandwidth (EBW, RL≤-10 dB, ≥90 % absorption) response of 7.04 GHz at a thickness of 2.44 mm was achieved. These findings can provide guidance for the designation of novel magnetic broadband microwave absorbing materials (MAMs).

Ultrafast near-infrared pyroelectric detector based on inhomogeneous plasmonic metasurface

Pyroelectric (PE) detection technologies have attracted extensive attention due to the cooling-free, bias-free, and broadband properties. However, the PE signals are generated by the continuous energy conversion processes from light, heat, to electricity, normally leading to very slow response speeds. Herein, we design and fabricate a PE detector which shows extremely fast response in near-infrared (NIR) band by combining with the inhomogeneous plasmonic metasurface. The plasmonic effect dramatically accelerates the light-heat conversion process, unprecedentedly improving the NIR response speed by 2−4 orders of magnitude to 22 μs, faster than any reported infrared (IR) PE detector. We also innovatively introduce the concept of time resolution into the field of PE detection, which represents the detector’s ability to distinguish multiple fast-moving targets. Furthermore, the spatially inhomogeneous design overcomes the traditional narrowband constraint of plasmonic systems and thus ensures a wideband response from visible to NIR. This study provides a promising approach to develop next-generation IR PE detectors with ultrafast and broadband responses.