Wide Compatibility Research Articles

Electrochemical synthesis of FeNx doped carbon quantum dots for sensitive detection of Cu2+ ion

A novel strategy was developed to fabricate FeNx-doped carbon quantum dots (Fe-N-CQDs) to detect Cu2+ ions selectively as a fluorescence probe. The Fe-N-CQDs were synthesized by an efficient electrolysis of a carbon cloth electrode, which was coated with monoatomic iron-anchored nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe-N-C). The obtained Fe-N-CQDs emitted blue fluorescence and possessed a quantum yield (QY) of 7.5%. An extremely wide linear relationship between the Cu2+ concentration and the fluorescence intensity was obtained in the range from 100 nmol L−1 to 1000 nmol L−1 (R2 = 0.997), and the detection limit was calculated as 59 nmol L−1. Moreover, the Fe-N-CQDs demonstrated wide range pH compatibility between 2 and 13 due to the coordination between pyridine nitrogen and Fe3+, which dramatically reduced the affection of the protonation and deprotonation process between H+ and Fe-N-CQDs. It is notable that the Fe-N-CQDs exhibited a rapid response in Cu2+ detection, where stable quenching can be completed in 7 s. The mechanism of excellent selective detection of Cu2+ was revealed by energy level simulation that the LUMO level of Fe-N-CQDs (−4.37 eV) was close to the redox potential of Cu2+, thus facilitating the electron transport from Fe-N-CQDs to Cu2+.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Markovnikov-Selective Radical Hydroacylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Acylphosphonates.

Acylphosphonates having the 5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxophosphinanyl skeleton are developed as efficient intermolecular radical acylation reagents, which enable the cobalt-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroacylation of unactivated alkenes at room temperature under mild conditions. The protocol exhibits broad substrate scope and wide functional group compatibility, providing branched ketones in satisfactory yields. A mechanism involving the Co-H mediated hydrogen atom transfer and subsequent trapping of alkyl radicals by acylphosphonates is proposed.

An Efficient, Sustainable Rhodium‐Catalyzed and Ionic Liquid‐Mediated C−H Thiolation and Selenation of Acetanilide with Diaryl Disulfides and Diaryl Diselenides

AbstractWe established an efficient and sustainable rhodium(III)‐catalyzed and ionic liquid‐mediated C−S and C−Se formation from readily available starting material acetanilide with diaryl disulfides and diaryl diselenides. The C−H activation proceeds in ionic liquid without extra silver salt as additive, and the catalytic media can be reused for several times to accomplish the catalysts sustainable utilization. Furthermore, this synthesis protocol is suitable for a wide functional group compatibility, and the directing group can be easily removed. Most importantly it can be developed as a facile access to phenothiazine scaffold with potent biological activities, thus this strategy can be broadly applied to organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.

GlycoBODIPYs: Sugars Serving as a Natural Stock for Water‐soluble Fluorescent Probes of Complex Chiral Morphology

AbstractA range of unprocessed, reducing sugar substrates (mono‐, di‐, and trisaccharides) is shown to take part in a straightforward four‐step synthetic route to water‐soluble, uncharged BODIPY derivatives with unimpaired chiral integrity and high fluorescence efficiency. A wide compatibility with several postfunctionalizations is demonstrated, thus suggesting a universal utility of the multifunctional glycoconjugates, which we call GlycoBODIPYs. Knoevenagel condensations are able to promote a red‐shift in the spectra, thereby furnishing strongly fluorescent red and far‐red glycoconjugates of high hydrophilicity. The synthetic outcome was studied by X‐ray crystallography and by comprehensive photophysical investigations in several solvent systems. Furthermore, cell experiments illustrate efficient cell uptake and demonstrate differential cell targeting as a function of the integrated chiral information.

GlycoBODIPYs: Sugars Serving as a Natural Stock for Water-soluble Fluorescent Probes of Complex Chiral Morphology.

A range of unprocessed, reducing sugar substrates (mono‐, di‐, and trisaccharides) is shown to take part in a straightforward four‐step synthetic route to water‐soluble, uncharged BODIPY derivatives with unimpaired chiral integrity and high fluorescence efficiency. A wide compatibility with several postfunctionalizations is demonstrated, thus suggesting a universal utility of the multifunctional glycoconjugates, which we call GlycoBODIPYs. Knoevenagel condensations are able to promote a red‐shift in the spectra, thereby furnishing strongly fluorescent red and far‐red glycoconjugates of high hydrophilicity. The synthetic outcome was studied by X‐ray crystallography and by comprehensive photophysical investigations in several solvent systems. Furthermore, cell experiments illustrate efficient cell uptake and demonstrate differential cell targeting as a function of the integrated chiral information.

Building Tailored Interfaces through Covalent Coupling Reactions at Layers Grafted from Aryldiazonium Salts.

Aryldiazonium ions are widely used reagents for surface modification. Attractive aspects of their use include wide substrate compatibility (ranging from plastics to carbons to metals and metal oxides), formation of stable covalent bonding to the substrate, simplicity of modification methods that are compatible with organic and aqueous solvents, and the commercial availability of many aniline precursors with a straightforward conversion to the active reagent. Importantly, the strong bonding of the modifying layer to the surface makes the method ideally suited to further on-surface (postfunctionalization) chemistry. After an initial grafting from a suitable aryldiazonium ion to give an anchor layer, a target species can be coupled to the layer, hugely expanding the range of species that can be immobilized. This strategy has been widely employed to prepare materials for numerous applications including chemical sensors, biosensors, catalysis, optoelectronics, composite materials, and energy conversion and storage. In this Review our goal is first to summarize how a target species with a particular functional group may be covalently coupled to an appropriate anchor layer. We then review applications of the resulting materials.

A Safer, Wide-Temperature Liquefied Gas Electrolyte Based on Difluoromethane

Development of safe electrolytes that are compatible with both lithium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes that can operate in a wide-temperature range is a formidable, yet important challenge. Recently, a new class of electrolytes based on liquefied gas solvents has shown promise in addressing this issue. Concerns, however, have been raised on the pressure, flammability and low maximum operating temperature of these systems. Here, we endeavor to mitigate safety and practicality concerns by demonstrating an enhanced safety feature inherent in liquefied gas electrolytes and by showing the viability of using difluoromethane as a liquefied gas solvent which has lower pressure, lower flammability, and improved maximum operation temperature characteristics compared with fluoromethane. We create a custom-built setup to enable liquefied gas electrolyte characterization through Raman spectroscopy and supplement this with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The electrolyte shows good conductivity through a wide temperature range and compatibility with both the lithium metal anode and 4 V class cathodes. The demonstrated use of such alternative liquefied gas solvents opens a path towards the further development of high-energy and safe batteries that can operate in a wide-temperature range.

Layered Heterostructure Ionogel Electrolytes for High-Performance Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Ionogel electrolytes based on ionic liquids and gelling matrices offer several advantages for solid-state lithium-ion batteries, including nonflammability, wide processing compatibility, and favorable electrochemical and thermal properties. However, the absence of ionic liquids that are concurrently stable at low and high potentials constrains the electrochemical windows of ionogel electrolytes and thus their high-energy-density applications. Here, ionogel electrolytes with a layered heterostructure are introduced, combining high-potential (anodic stability: >5V vs Li/Li+ ) and low-potential (cathodic stability: <0V vs Li/Li+ ) imidazolium ionic liquids in a hexagonal boron nitride nanoplatelet matrix. These layered heterostructure ionogel electrolytes lead to extended electrochemical windows, while preserving high ionic conductivity (>1mScm-1 at room temperature). Using the layered heterostructure ionogel electrolytes, full-cell solid-state lithium-ion batteries with a nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite anode are demonstrated, exhibiting voltages that are unachievable with either the high-potential or low-potential ionic liquid alone. Compared to ionogel electrolytes based on mixed ionic liquids, the layered heterostructure ionogel electrolytes enable higher stability operation of full-cell lithium-ion batteries, resulting in significantly enhanced cycling performance.

Rh(III)‐catalyzed C6‐selective Acylmethylation and Carboxymethylation of 2‐Pyridones with Diazo Compounds

AbstractChelation‐assisted C6‐selective acylmethylation and carboxymethylation of 2‐pyridones with diazo carbonyl compounds under [Cp*RhCl2]2/AgSbF6 catalysis have been developed. Deesterificative C6‐acylmethylation of 2‐pyridones with diazo tert‐butyl ester compounds proceeds effectively with the use of HOAc additive and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent, whereas switching to NaOAc additive and MeOH solvent enables efficient deacylative C6‐carboxymethylation of 2‐pyridones with alkyl 2‐diazo‐3‐oxobutanoates. The procedures are characterized by excellent regioselectivity, high efficiency, broad substrate scope, wide functional group compatibility and gram‐scalability. Preliminary mechanistic experiments are conducted to gain insights into the reaction mechanisms.

Iminyl-Radical-Promoted C-C Bond Cleavage/Heck-Like Coupling via Dual Cobaloxime and Photoredox Catalysis.

We report herein an unprecedented protocol for radical-olefin coupling of α-imino-oxy acids and alkenes for the synthesis of alkene-containing nitriles via synergistic photoredox and cobaloxime catalysis. With visible-light irradiation, the transformation provides a variety of corresponding alkene-containing nitriles under mild reaction conditions. The C-C bond cleavage/Heck-like coupling reaction could generate E-selective coupling products with excellent chemo- and stereo-selectivity. This iminyl-radical-mediated reaction is external-oxidant-free, exhibits wide functional-group compatibility, and occurs with the extrusion of acetone, H2, and CO2.

A Review on Humidity, Temperature and Strain Printed Sensors-Current Trends and Future Perspectives.

Printing technologies have been attracting increasing interest in the manufacture of electronic devices and sensors. They offer a unique set of advantages such as additive material deposition and low to no material waste, digitally-controlled design and printing, elimination of multiple steps for device manufacturing, wide material compatibility and large scale production to name but a few. Some of the most popular and interesting sensors are relative humidity, temperature and strain sensors. In that regard, this review analyzes the utilization and involvement of printing technologies for full or partial sensor manufacturing; production methods, material selection, sensing mechanisms and performance comparison are presented for each category, while grouping of sensor sub-categories is performed in all applicable cases. A key aim of this review is to provide a reference for sensor designers regarding all the aforementioned parameters, by highlighting strengths and weaknesses for different approaches in printed humidity, temperature and strain sensor manufacturing with printing technologies.

Visible-Light-Mediated Decarboxylative Radical Addition Bifunctionalization Cascade for the Production of 1,4-Amino Alcohols.

A photocatalytic decarboxylative radical addition bifunctionalization cascade for the synthesis of functionalized alcohols is described. The catalytic cycle is completed through single-electron transfer. The advantages of this reaction are the commercially available materials, wide functional group compatibility, and mild conditions. Notably, some amino acids and bioactive carboxylic acids can provide corresponding products in moderate to good yields, reflecting the potential value in drug development.

Printable Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Printed Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors prepared by printing allow a simple manufacturing process, easy customization, high material efficiency and wide substrate compatibility. While printable active layers have been widely studied, printable electrolytes have not been thoroughly investigated despite their importance. A printable electrolyte should not only have high ionic conductivity, but also proper viscosity, small particle size and chemical stability. Here, gel-polymer electrolytes (GPE) that are compatible with printing were developed and their electrochemical performance was analyzed. Five GPE formulations based on various polymer-conductive substance combinations were investigated. Among them, GPE made of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer matrix and LiClO4 conductive substance exhibited the best electrochemical performance, with a gravimetric capacitance of 176.4 F/g and areal capacitance of 152.7 mF/cm2 at a potential scan rate of 10 mV/s. The in-depth study of the in-plane solid-state supercapacitors based on various printed GPEs suggests that printable electrolytes provide desirable attributes for high-performance printed energy devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells and dye-sensitized solar cells.

Metal-and Oxidant-Free Electrochemical Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides

A metal- and oxidant-free electrochemical synthesis of aryl sulfides was developed through a C–H sulfidation reaction of arenes and disulfides. Compared with traditional organic synthesis methods, this direct electrochemical approach efficiently generates aryl sulfides under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions with the superiorities of wide substrate compatibility, mild reaction condition and waster free. At room temperature, various aryl thiols could be transformed smoothly in an undivided cell. Based on cyclic voltammetry (CV) and control experiments, the possible reaction mechanism was also proposed. The gram-scale synthesis emphasizes the practicability of this electrochemical strategy.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The amine-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura-type coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids

Suzuki–Miyaura coupling is a practical and attractive carbon−carbon bond formation reaction due to its high efficiency and wide functional group compatibility, but its industrial applications are limited because it is typically catalysed by expensive palladium-containing transition-metal complexes. Here we show a robust and chemoselective organocatalytic Suzuki−Miyaura-type coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids catalysed by amines. The utility and scope of this reaction were demonstrated by the synthesis of several commercially relevant small molecules and a selection of derivatives of pharmaceutical drugs. The coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids is generally performed by metal-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura reactions while metal-free approaches remain elusive. Here an organocatalytic approach based on amine catalysts is introduced for the preparation of commercially relevant asymmetric biaryls.

Phylogenetic inference applied to germplasm bank characterization and interspecific breeding in passionfruit

Abstract Interspecific crosses between the more than 520 Passiflora species may or may not be compatible. The sequences ITS, matK, psbA-trnH, rbcL and trnL-F were used to confirm species identity and to estimate the genetic distances among 48 Passiflora accessions of a germplasm bank. Twenty species were used for crosses within and between distinct Passiflora subgenera. The phylogenetic resolution based on ITS data was superior to that of any single chloroplast marker, recommending it as a DNA barcode for this genus. However, the tree topology based on Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using the combination of the four chloroplast markers possessed greater support for subclades within the subgenus Passiflora, which contains more species of interest for breeders. We could not identify a clear cutoff value of pairwise Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances to predict success or failure of crosses. Rather, the clustering of species pairs together within the same or closely related phylogenetic subclades predicted the probability of wide cross compatibility more reliably.

Heterosis and Combining ability Estimates using Line x Tester Analysis to Develop Wide Compatibility and Restorer Lines in Rice

This investigation was conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2017 and 2018 seasons to study combining ability, gene action, heterosis, and degree of dominance for grain yield and its contributing traits in some wide compatibility lines. Eight genotypes included the three lines; O2428-P-7-7, Norti, Gz 5121-5-2 as female parents with five testers Dular, Nekken 1, Giza 178, Gz 5934-7-2-3 and IR 25571-31-1, are used in a line X testers cross. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents, crosses and line x tester interaction for all studied traits except panicle weight in parents. The ratio of K2 GCA / K2 SCA was more than unity for all studied traits indicated preponderance of additive gene effects in the expression of these traits except panicle weight. Rice varieties; Dular and Nekken 1 can be identified as wide compatible lines. Most of F1 crosses showed significant values in the heterosis for all studied traits. The crosses Norti X Nekken 1 and Norti X Giza 178 showed the highest values for mean performance and the three types of heterosis for grain yield. In addition, the highest significant positive values of specific combining ability were shown in the four cross combinations O2428-P-7-7 X IR25571-31-1, Gz 5121-5-2 X Gz 5934-7-2-3, Gz 5121-5-2 X Dular and Norti X Giza 178. The results of this study indicate that the parental lines can be used for improvement and utilized in hybrid rice breeding program.

Phylogenetic relationship of Paramignya trimera and its relatives: an evidence for the wide sexual compatibility

The genus Paramignya (Rutaceae) comprises about 30 species typically distributing in tropical Asia. Like other genera of the family Rutaceae, the significant variation in the morphology of Paramignya species makes the taxonomic study and accurate identification become difficult. In Vietnam, Paramignya species have been mostly found in Khanh Hoa and Lam Dong provinces and used as traditional medicines. Recently, Paramignya trimera, a species of the genus Paramignya with local name “Xao tam phan” has been drawn attention and intensively exploited to treat liver diseases and cancers. However, the significant variations in the morphology and different local names of P. trimera have caused confusion and difficulty in the accurate identification and application of this plant for medicine. In this study, the combination of both morphological and DNA sequence data has effectively supported the taxonomic identification of P. trimera and some relatives collected in Khanh Hoa and Lam Dong provinces. The comparison of the morphology and analysis of the phylogenetic trees suggested that there was a significant variation of P. trimera. In addition, some accessions of P. trimera with morphological characteristics similar and Atalantia buxifolia were likely the intergeneric hybrids between the two species. Analysis of genetic variation, interspecific and intraspecific distances using ITS, matK and rbcL sequences shown that P. trimera was closely related to A. buxifolia, Severinia monophylla and Luvunga scandens. In addition, matK sequences represented as the effective candidate DNA barcode to identify and distinguish Paramignya species from others of the family Rutaceae.

A Fully Open Source Remote Laboratory for Practical Learning

Nowadays, communication and web services are part of our lives, including education, and e-learning applications are used more and more. However, teaching in engineering sciences requires an important amount of practical experiments. Hence, remote laboratories are an attractive solution, offering new tools for both teachers and learners. Our objective is to propose a fully open source remote laboratory for generic practice, in all fields of engineering education or applied sciences. This work is based on an open source Supervisory Control and a Data Acquisition platform programmed with Python. Interoperability is one of the main issues considered here to ensure a wide compatibility with multi-communication protocols and multi-instruments used in practical labwork.

Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Pivalates with Cyclobutanols Involving C—O and C—C Bond Cleavage†

Summary of main observation and conclusionAn efficient nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl pivalates with cyclobutanols is described. The use of Ni(cod)2/PCy3/base as the catalytic system enables the cleavage of inert C—O bond and C—C bond under mild conditions, thus providing a facile access to γ‐arylated ketones in generally good to excellent yields. This transformation is also characterized by wide substrate scope and functional group compatibility, for example, methoxy, N,N‐dimethylamino, keto, ester, fluoro and TMS groups are well‐tolerated during the reaction process.