Wheeler Method Research Articles

Evaluation of outcomes of lower eyelid entropion and ectropion surgical repair.

<b><br>Introduction:</b> The imbalance of external and internal forces acting on the lower eyelid can result in entropion and ectropion, both of which cause ocular irritation and loss of proper eye protection. Potential complications of untreated cases include recurrent inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, conjunctival neovascularization, corneal abrasion or perforation, and ultimately even loss of vision. Although various surgical techniques are used to address this problem, their long-term outcome and effectiveness are still under discussion. </br> <b><br>Aim:</b> To evaluate outcomes of surgery for entropion and ectropion, including a modified Wheeler's method for entropion correction.</br> <b><br>Methods:</b> A non-comparative study (prospective and retrospective groups) included 100 patients operated on in two university hospitals' plastic surgery departments for lower eyelid entropion or ectropion, following formal ethics approval. The prospective group included 50 patients assessed preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The retrospective group was comprised of 50 patients (2012-2018), whose preoperative documentation and clinical examinations were analyzed. The main outcome measures were change between pre- and postoperative patient-reported symptoms (VAS scale), ectropion/entropion grading scale (EGS/EnGS), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and occurrence of complications.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> The differences in the severity of all symptoms before and after surgery evaluated with the VAS scale were statistically significant in both groups (p <0.05). We observed 6 recurrences (12%) in the prospective group and 9 (18%) in the retrospective group, with minor complications. Very good functional and esthetic postoperative results were confirmed in 70% (79) of the whole group and in 13 patients (81.3%) treated with the modified Wheeler's method. In the prospective group, the Mann- Whitney U test for dependent variables revealed significant improvement in the somatic, psychological, and environmental domains, with no significant change in the social relationships domain.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> The results following entropion/ectropion surgery prove the effectiveness of the methods used. Complementing them with the modified Wheeler's method brought an increase in the number of very good outcomes. Surgery of lower eyelid malposition contributed to reduced symptoms and improved quality of life. The rates of postoperative sequelae were low.</br&gt.

Radiation Efficiency of an Electrically Small Dual-band UHF Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Wheeler Cap Method

Determining the radiation efficiency of an antenna is a difficult task that becomes challenging when it is about electrically small antennas. This work investigates the applicability of the Wheeler cap method to measure the radiation efficiency of a UHF dual-band compact microstrip patch antenna. An overview of Wheeler method is presented. An adaptation to the original method is suggested to measure the efficiency of a small slitted microstrip patch antenna operating at two frequencies (400 MHz and 431 MHz). A third-order equivalent RLC circuit has been proposed. The measurements were performed using three metal shields of different sizes and shapes. Measured results agreed with the theoretical model. However, the metallic shield significantly interferes in the fringing fields, reducing the accuracy of the method. Despite the inaccuracy observed in the measurements, the method proved to be attractive due to its low cost and ease of measurement. The contribution of this work is to apply the method to an antenna under test with a high degree of miniaturization, low efficiency, and very narrow band, in addition to using a thick substrate. No previous work with this focus has been found in the literature, up to date.

Design and Modeling of Octagonal Planar Inductor and Transformer in Monolithic Technology for RF Systems

This paper presents the design and modeling of planar inductor and transformer for their integration in a Forward converter. The windings are of octagonal spiral planar topology. Basing on Wheeler method, we evaluate the inductance values of planar coils. All parasitic effects generated by stacking of different material layers are summarized perfectly in the π-electrical model of both on chip inductor and transformer. The electromagnetic simulation, by using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3 software, illustrates the distribution of magnetic field lines, the current density and the temperature distribution in our integrated micro coils. To validate the different geometric and electrical parameters values, we have simulated the circuit of the Forward converter containing the π-electrical circuit of on chip integrated inductor and transformer, using the software TINA 9.0.

Development of a Lebanese food exchange system based on frequently consumed Eastern Mediterranean traditional dishes and Arabic sweets

Background: The important role of Mediterranean diet was elucidated in various clinical and epidemiological studies underlying its impact on reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to convert the recipes of the Lebanese traditional dishes into meal planning exchange lists whose items are expressed in grams and adjusted to Lebanese household measures (cups and spoons) that could be used by healthcare professionals. Methodology: Thirty traditional Lebanese dishes were collected in which the carbohydrate, fat and protein were analyzed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists procedures then followed by a calculation of exchange lists of foods per serving using Wheeler method. Results: The variations in macronutrients and fiber content were found among the Lebanese dishes. Carbohydrate was lowest (1.1g/100g) and protein was highest (29.7g/100g) in Shawarma Dajaj whereas fat content ranged between 0.5 and 22.4 g/100 g in the dishes. For each dish and according to each serving size, carbohydrate, milk (whole milk, reduced fat or skim), fat and protein (lean meat, medium fat meat and high fat meat) exchanges were calculated. Conclusion: This study provides healthcare professionals, dietitians and consumers the chance to proficiently plan traditional-type dishes, ensuring prominent dietetic and medical nutritional therapy practices and patient's self-control.

Wheeler Method for Evaluation of Antennas Submerged in Lossy Media

A Wheeler method for the evaluation of the radiation efficiency of submerged antennas within lossy media is presented and demonstrated for the first time in the literature. Extensive investigations have been devised by empirical and simulation methods. Normal-mode helical antenna (NMHA) was first designed and fabricated to exemplify a real-life application at the UHF band (0.3 to 3 GHz). The antenna under test (AUT) was evaluated within an artificial lossy material using a series of Wheeler caps featuring different radii to study the validity of this method. The error between the experimental and simulation radiation efficiency is below 3% near the theoretical radian length. The presented measurement method of radiation efficiency without any essential measurement facilities or accessories could be a promising candidate for fast and accurate evaluation for any wire-type antenna submerged within lossy media.

Development ofaLebanese foodexchangesystembased onfrequently consumedEastern Mediterranean traditional dishesand Arabic sweets.

Background: The important role of Mediterranean diet was elucidated in various clinical and epidemiological studies underlying its impact on reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to convert the recipes of the Lebanese traditional dishes into meal planning exchange lists whose items are expressed in grams and adjusted to Lebanese household measures (cups and spoons) that could be used by healthcare professionals. Methodology: Thirty traditional Lebanese dishes were collected in which the carbohydrate, fat and protein were analyzed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists procedures then followed by a calculation of exchange lists of foods per serving using Wheeler method. Results: The variations in macronutrients and fiber content were found among the Lebanese dishes. Carbohydrate was lowest (1.1g/100g) and protein was highest (29.7g/100g) in Shawarma Dajaj whereas fat content ranged between 0.5 and 22.4 g/100 g in the dishes. For each dish and according to each serving size, carbohydrate, milk (whole milk, reduced fat or skim), fat and protein (lean meat, medium fat meat and high fat meat) exchanges were calculated. Conclusion: This study provides healthcare professionals, dietitians and consumers the chance to proficiently plan traditional-type dishes, ensuring prominent dietetic and medical nutritional therapy practices and patient's self-control.

Composition Table Of Moroccan Culinary Recipes

Good nutrition plays an essential role in our health. It decreases the risk of developing certain chronic diseases and thus increases life expectancy. This study is the first of its kind in Morocco, its objective is to determine the nutrient composition of the most consumed Moroccan culinary recipes. Thus, thanks to the calculation of the nutriscore, we can know which culinary recipe is the “healthiest”. Some of the most consumed Moroccan traditional dishes were collected in which carbohydrates, fats, and proteins were analyzed using the procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, then followed by a calculation of the food exchange lists per serving using the Wheeler method. Variations in macronutrients, micronutrients (minerals and trace elements) and trans-fatty acid content, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated were found among the Moroccan dishes. The highest protein (17.37g/100g) in Chicken, French Fries, and Cumin Tajine while the lowest (0.06g/100g) in Orange and Carrot Salad. The highest carbohydrates (42.68g / 100g) in Tuna Pizza while lowest (2.37g / 100g) in tomato with pepper. And the highest lipids (19.2g/ 100 g) in meat with onion Tajine and the lowest (0.6g/ 100g) in Harira. Meanwhile, the energy ranged between 35.7 and 352.4 Kcal/100 g in the dishes. For each dish and according to the size of each serving, the exchanges of carbohydrates (starch), fats, and proteins (lean meat, medium fat, and high-fat meat) were calculated. This study offers an opportunity - for health professionals, dietitians as well as consumers - to orchestrate with knowledge traditional dishes and ensuring leading dietary and medical nutritional therapy practices and patient self-control.

Modeling and simulation of an integrated octagonal planar transformer for RF systems

The work presented in this paper concerns the modeling of an integrated transformer in monolithic technology for high frequencies containing coils of planar type and magnetic circuit made of several layers of materials. Circular, square, and polygonal shapes of the planar coils are the important difference regarding transformer topologies. In this work, we have chosen the stacked octagonal form of coils. The transformer will be integrated into a converter of type flyback. We have opted for the Wheeler method and the S-parameters for determining the geometrical and the electrical parameters. The electrical π model presented summarizes perfectly the various parasitic effects generated by stacked layers of different materials constituting the transformer. The electromagnetic simulation, by using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 software, illustrates the current density and the distribution of magnetic field lines. We have also used software PSIM 6.0, to validate the equivalent electrical circuit of the transformer in flyback converter.

An Evaluation of Wheeler's Method for Monitoring the Rate of Rare Events

Its wide application in practice makes the monitoring of the rate of rare events a popular research topic. Recently a researcher proposed plotting the counts between events on an individuals X‐chart with an upper control limit to detect process improvement and plotting the reciprocals of the counts on an X‐chart to detect process deterioration. He also used the median as the center line and the median moving range to obtain control limits in both control charts to address the problem of the standard deviation estimate inflation caused by extreme values. In our paper, we investigated the statistical performance of the four proposed approaches using simulation. We find using the mean results in a high proportion of ineffective control limits, while using the median avoids the issue of ineffective control limits but produces an unacceptably high proportion of false alarms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Extreme structural response values from various methods of simulating wave kinematics

In offshore engineering, the main forces that are loaded onto ocean structures come from wind-generated random waves. The prediction of wave forces that are applied onto slender cylindrical members is usually based on the Morison's equation, in which the wave force at any section of a member is expressed directly in terms of wave kinematics. It is essential to be able to estimate sensible kinematics at all levels of a structure to determine accurate prediction of wave forces and corresponding responses of these structures in a random wave field. Linear random wave theory (LRWT) is the simplest and most often used to simulate water particle kinematics at different nodes of an offshore structure from a reference surface elevation record. However, water particle kinematics calculated from LRWT grossly overpredicts the kinematics above the mean water level (MWL). Methods have been introduced to overcome this problem of high kinematics above the MWL, which consists of using linear wave theory (such as Wheeler, vertical stretching, effective node elevation and effective water depth methods) to provide a more realistic representation of near-surface wave kinematics. This is promising as there is some evidence that the water particle kinematics from the Wheeler method are underestimated and that those from the vertical stretching method are somewhat exaggerated. In this paper, the comparisons of the probability distributions of extreme values from different methods of simulation wave kinematics are investigated by using conventional time simulation procedure.

The Wheeler Method for the Measurement of the Efficiency of Differentially-Driven Microstrip Antennas

This communication reports the application of the Wheeler method for the measurement of the efficiency of differentially-driven microstrip antennas. The S-parameter method and the mixed-mode S-parameter method are both used to obtain the differential impedance with and without the cap. It is shown that although additional parasitic inductance and capacitance are introduced from the dual feeds, the parallel RLC model is the valid model to use for the measured probe-fed differentially-driven microstrip antennas.

What is the best strategy for Asians with involutional entropion?

Even though many different procedures have been proposed to involutional entropion, there is no established criterion standard in terms of the choice of the operative method. Considering the anatomical difference of the lower eyelid structure between Asians and whites, we evaluated the effectiveness of our surgical approach to involutional entropion exclusively for Japanese patients. Twenty-one patients complained of discomfort around the eye, and they also suffered from foreign body sensation, ocular pain, epiphora, and photophobia. All the patients with the involutional entropion were surgically treated with combined procedures (the lower eyelid retractors advancement, the modified Hotz method, and the modified Wheeler method). Twenty-three lower eyelids of 21 patients with involutional entropion underwent surgery. There were 10 men and 11 women with a mean age of 78 years (range, 69-94 years). All patients we operated on were completely satisfied with any residual ocular symptoms. There was no case of recurrence following the primary procedure during 16 months of the mean follow-up period. Based on the anatomical difference in various ethnic groups, we propose the best strategy for Asian patients with the involutional entropion.

Bootstrap method to evaluate tightness of clusters with application to the Korean standard occlusion study

Dental arch form is an important part of dental orthodontic practice. Distance-based clustering methods are often used to find standard arch forms. In particular, S-J. Lee, S.I. Lee, J. Lim, H-J. Park, and T. Wheeler Method to classify human dental arch form, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. (2010), to appear] propose a 1-type distance which is invariant to the location-shift and the rotational transformation. Despite the popularity of the distance-based methods, little attention is given to the choice of the distance which has a great influence on final clusters. We have three goals in this paper. First, we study the properties of the 1-type distance by Lee et al. (2010). Second, we propose a bootstrap-based procedure to evaluate quantitatively how good the clusters are. Finally, we apply the bootstrap procedure to the Korean standard occlusion study and compare the existing distance-based clustering methods in previous literature.

Involutional Lower Eyelid Entropion: Combined Wheeler’s and Wedge Resection of Tarsal Plate

Involutional entropion, a common eyelid condition, has different methods of surgical correction and attendant variable recurrence rates, depending to a large degree on the method used. To describe and evaluate a modified technique of entropion repair where the Wheeler's method is combined with wedge resection of the tarsal plate. This was a chart review study of 49 patients who had the modified technique carried out to correct their involutional entropion. The technique essentially involves dissecting and separating the lower lid pre-tarsal orbicularis muscle from the tarsal plate, resecting a down-base triangular wedge of the tarsus followed by shortening the orbicularis and anchoring it to the tarsal plate superiorly. Over the three and a half-year review period, 54 eyelids of 49 patients underwent the procedure to correct their lower eyelid entropion. Of these, 28(57%) were females and 21(43%) males with a mean age of 73.5 years. The mean follow up period was 30.3 months. One (1.9%) recurrence was recorded in all the cases during the follow-up period. Complications were minimal. The combined Wheeler and wedge resection of the tarsal plate produces very good post-operative results and can be used in primary involutional entropion or as the procedure of choice if an initial different surgical technique used fails.

High-Efficiency On-Chip Dielectric Resonator Antenna for mm-Wave Transceivers

A high radiation efficiency on-chip antenna is presented in a low-resistivity silicon technology. The proposed antenna configuration consists of a high-permittivity rectangular dielectric resonator excited by an H-slot antenna implemented in a silicon integrated circuit process. Using the Wheeler method an efficiency of 48% has been measured for the integrated antenna at 35 GHz. The maximum size of this low profile antenna (h = 0.5 mm) is close to λ0/5 (considering the dielectric resonator), and its radiation gain is around 1 dBi at 35 GHz. Moreover, the bandwidth of this antenna is 4.15 GHz (12%). Simulations and measurements show that by removing the passivation layer on top of the H-slot aperture the radiation efficiency increases by 10%.

Some techniques for avoiding dips of antenna radiation efficiency on improved Wheeler method

AbstractWhen the efficiency of a monopole is measured by determining the radiation efficiency of a small antenna based on a waveguide and a movable short, there are dips at certain frequencies. In this paper, a transmission line model considering the loss in the movable short is introduced and the efficiency dip phenomena are explained. A method for avoiding the dip is presented. When two movable shorts on the left and right inserted into the waveguide are moved, an efficiency dip occurs at the resonant frequency of the cavity. Therefore, the movable range of the two movable shorts that will avoid the efficiency dip is investigated. When one of the movable shorts is fixed at an arbitrary location, there is a dip in the radiation efficiency at a specific frequency. Therefore, it is confirmed that the dip can be avoided by limiting the range of the fixed location of the movable short. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(1): 35–44, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20323

Maximal biliary transport of sulfobromophthalein in patients with a T-tube placed in the common bile duct.

In 19 adult patients with choledocholithiasis who were operated on, excretion of free and conjugated sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in the bile collected through a T-tube inserted in the common bile duct was determined. The transport maximum (Tm) for BSP was calculated by the constant-infusion technique after an intravenous infusion of the dye at a rate of 0.3 and 0.09 mg/kg/min for the first and second hour, respectively. Free and conjugated BSP were measured in blood samples obtained at 30, 40, and 50 min of each hourly-infusion period, and in bile collected during the first 30 min (sample A) and between 30-50 min (sample B) after starting the first BSP infusion, and during the first 30 min (sample C) and between 30-50 min (sample D) after starting the second infusion. No correlations between Tm of BSP and glutathione transferase activity and between Tm and bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in serum were found. Although there was an overall correlation between Tm of BSP and biliary excretion of BSP after 30 min of starting the BSP infusion (samples B, C and D) (r = 0.4716; P = 0.41), Tm values were always lower than recoveries of free BSP in bile. It seems that Tm of BSP (measured with the Wheeler's method) overestimates the actual values of biliary excretion of free BSP, and that the percentage of conjugated BSP in serum is related to the degree of impairment of biliary transport of BSP.

Radiation efficiency measurement of a small antenna using the wheeler method

AbstractThe antennas for mobile communication handsets have become smaller in shape, which has degraded their electrical performance significantly. To obtain a small but high‐performance handset, it is important to increase the antenna efficiency. The important parameter for such a purpose is the radiation efficiency which can be measured easily by the Wheeler method. This method is carried out based on the assumption that the input power is equal to the power loss if the antenna is covered with a cap of a size on the order of a radian sphere. However, unless this assumption holds, the computed Wheeler efficiency does not give accurate radiation efficiency.When the radiation efficiency is actually measured by the Wheeler method, the measured values often have a dip from the theoretical value. In this paper, the cap is approximated by wire grids and the Wheeler method is simulated on a computer. It is confirmed that the dip is not caused by the measurement method. It is shown that the cause derives from the invalidness of the presumption of the Wheeler method that the internal reactive electromagnetic field does not change when a cap is placed. It is shown also that the Wheeler method can be used sufficiently even if the size of the cap is larger than the radian sphere. The limit of application is studied.

La basilique de Bir el Knissia à Carthage : une fouille du Père Delattre redécouverte et réétudiée

P. Delattre's last excavation of one of the cemetery basilicas at Carthage, 1922-1923, was known only through two brief reports and a summary plan (partly a reconstruction), whose orientation was reversed in subsequent publications. Even its precise location was disputed. In 1989, sondages conducted by an American team under the direction of S. Stevens revealed the basilica in the southeastern quarter of the city (Douar ech-Chott), and excavations were carried out in the following three years, using the Wheeler method (with a grid and stratigraphic digging in squares that are not always contiguous). At the same time, two documents were found in the archives, the original excavation plan and one of P. Delattre's notebooks illustrated with numerous sketches, which in several respects complete the published reports. The book reproduces and analyzes these documents in detail (something exceptional for Carthage) and provides the results of the 1990 campaign. The results concern a small part of the church and adjacent buildings, and especially the late phases of occupation near the surface. But they allow one to verify in part the plan of this large, 3-aisled church, whose apse (assumed to be in the southeast zone) is entirely destroyed. The mosaic pavement was relaid at least twice, and the decoration especially included sculpted elements in Proconnesian marble that were imported from Constantinople. The chronology, established by careful stratigraphy (through the study of ceramics and coins forming the subject of several catalogues), is at first surprising: the church apparently was constructed at the end of the Vandal period and endured, with limited repairs, until the end of Byzantine Carthage. This building is identified with the basilica of the martyr Agileus (an unproven hypothesis), which certain texts localize in the area of the port. A partially excavated building on the north side, paved with mosaic in longitudinal bands, could (in my opinion) be a parallel church. This partial publication, which will be completed by another volume, is the first detailed examination of a church in Carthage, including the material finds. It is one of the rare works providing a dating of mosaic motifs already known in Africa. Whatever reservations one may have about excavation by squares, and the weakness of certain chapters or the uncertainty of several conclusions, one must emphasize the promptness and merits of this report, which renews the Christian archaeology of the African capital (after the still incomplete American and Canadian publications of the ""supermarket"" and the rotunda of the Odeon). [Author. Translated by D. Parrish]

A Method for Phytate Phosphorus Determination in the Poultry Diet

To determine phytate phosphorus content in the diet, the WHEELER and FERREL method was modified.Phytate phosphorus was extracted with 3% TCA and precipitated with 0.582% FeCl3 as the Fe4 phytate. The precipitate was washed twice with 3% TCA, twice with N/6 HCl and once with distilled water. Iron content of the precipitate was determined colorimetrically. Phytate phosphorus content was calculated from this value.Phytate phosphorus content determined by the WHEELER and FERREL method was largely affected by calcium phosphates in the diet. However, by the modified method, phytate phosphorus content was able to be determined without being affected by calcium phosphates in the diet.Phytate phosphorus content in major feed ingredients was also determined satisfactory by the modified method.