Western Siberia Region Research Articles

High Level of Identity of Calreticulin Gene Sequences of Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi Ticks.

In southern regions of Western Siberia, Ixodes persulcatus ticks co-exist with Ixodes pavlovskyi. Both tick species have similar morphology, and natural hybridization of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks has been observed. To investigate the role of I. pavlovskyi ticks and I. persulcatus/ I. pavlovskyi hybrids as vectors, correct identification of tick species is necessary. The nuclear crt gene might be useful in distinguishing I. persulcatus from I. pavlovskyi ticks. Genetic variability in this gene has been studied and substantial differences between crt gene sequences of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks has been demonstrated. In this study, maximum-likelihood analysis showed that sequences of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks were identical or highly homologous among themselves. These results were confirmed by a Bayesian phylogeny. We conclude that crt gene sequences of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi cannot be used for distinguishing these tick species and that the conflicting results of prior studies reflect samples from incorrectly identified ticks rather than real genetic differences between I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi.

Landscape-Basin Approach in Water Supply Assessments of the Population and Economy of the Regions of Western Siberia

The landscape-basin approach based on the sequential operation algorithm developed for determining potential and actual water supply of Western Siberia territories is proposed to adjust the existing assessments of water availability. The technique for estimating the water availability at the regional and sub-regional level is presented. The assessment of potential water availability is carried out within the boundaries of landscape provinces, whereas actual water availability is assessed for separate river basins and water management sites. Future water consumption is estimated with due regard for the current peculiarities of water use in Western Siberia regions and trends in water use efficiency, including the intensity of water consumption for industrial and agricultural production as well as strategic plans for territorial development. Superposition of natural and administrative-territorial boundaries has been achieved through the use of GIS technologies. Assessment results on the potential water availability in 83 landscape provinces of Western Siberia from 12 federal subjects of Russia are presented. Future water consumption has been assessed for the Western Barabinsk landscape province of Omsk oblast where the city of Omsk and the Omskii municipal district are located. The actual water availability has been estimated for a water management site in the Tom river basin, Kemerovo oblast. The size of the Western Siberia population living in conditions of extremely low, very low and low potential water availability has been calculated. The assessment results are given in tabular form and as geoinformation-cartographic models.

Landscape-basin approach in water supply assessments of the population and economy of the regions of Western Siberia.

Landscape-basin approach in water supply assessments of the population and economy of the regions of Western Siberia.

Long-term measurements (2010–2014) of carbonaceous aerosol and carbon monoxide at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in central Siberia

Abstract. We present long-term (5-year) measurements of particulate matter with an upper diameter limit of ∼ 10 µm (PM10), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosol filter samples collected at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory in the middle-taiga subzone (Siberia). The data are complemented with carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. Air mass back trajectory analysis and satellite image analysis were used to characterise potential source regions and the transport pathway of haze plumes. Polluted and background periods were selected using a non-parametric statistical approach and analysed separately. In addition, near-pristine air masses were selected based on their EC concentrations being below the detection limit of our thermal–optical instrument. Over the entire sampling campaign, 75 and 48 % of air masses in winter and in summer, respectively, and 42 % in spring and fall are classified as polluted. The observed background concentrations of CO and EC showed a sine-like behaviour with a period of 365 ± 4 days, mostly due to different degrees of dilution and the removal of polluted air masses arriving at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) from remote sources. Our analysis of the near-pristine conditions shows that the longest periods with clean air masses were observed in summer, with a frequency of 17 %, while in wintertime only 1 % can be classified as a clean. Against a background of low concentrations of CO, EC, and OC in the near-pristine summertime, it was possible to identify pollution plumes that most likely came from crude-oil production sites located in the oil-rich regions of Western Siberia. Overall, our analysis indicates that most of the time the Siberian region is impacted by atmospheric pollution arising from biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions. A relatively clean atmosphere can be observed mainly in summer, when polluted species are removed by precipitation and the aerosol burden returns to near-pristine conditions.

New Approach to Road Construction in Oil-Producing Regions of Western Siberia

This article presents, as a polemic exercise, a new approach to road construction in marshland areas of oil and gas producing regions of Western Siberia. The approach is based on the use of novel modular elements that can be assembled into an integral structure by means of topological interlocking. The use of modern superlight concrete in conjunction with the new design systems based on the modular principle opens up new avenues to solving problems of road construction in regions with unstable, boggy soils.

Oligochaetes in the water ecosystems of Western Siberia

This article presents the species composition of aquatic oligochaetes (Oligochaeta) in the various regions of Western Siberia. The history of the study of aquatic oligochaetes of Western Siberia is briefly reviewed. The importance of oligochaetes in water bodies is also evaluated.

Использование данных о биоразнообразии для рекреационного районирования Томской области

Recreation and tourism like most other economic activities involve the use of natural resources. Moreover the natural oriented fields of recreation activity are characterized by the excessive tendency to natural resources with the inverted system of their consumption when consumers (recreants) are delivered to the places of concentration of natural resources. For the regions outside the traditional recreational and tourist destinations the important issue for the development of recreation and tourism is substantiation of the use of available natural resources as recreational. 
 For the regions of Western Siberia the important group of natural resources which can be used for development of tourist recreation is biological natural resources of flora and fauna. 
 The exploitation of this natural resources group as recreational has several promising trends of tourism in Western Siberia such as trophy, environmental and some other forms of experiential tourism. 
 However, decision making on the possibility and use of biological resources for recreational purposes requires a versatile pre-assessment of many quantitative and qualitative indicators of their condition, including spatial (geographic) analysis of composition, volumes and availability of bio-resources.
 On the example of Tomsk region the author considers the features of the West Siberian region biota as a factor of tourist attractiveness of the area and the factors shaping biodiversity in the region, as well as the possibility of using biodiversity data to assess recreational potential of the region. 
 Based on the analysis of the spatial characteristics of biological resources and biodiversity of the region the author makes a conclusion about the applicability of the existing scheme of physical-geographical zoning for objectives of recreational geographical and recreational-geoecological studies at the provincial level. 
 However, the scheme of differentiation of the natural region environment based on biodiversity for recreational purposes can and should be significantly detailed in the arrangement of recreation places and recreational tours using the information not only on the species composition and the relationships within ecological communities of certain territories but also on the interaction of ecological communities with conservative components of landscapes and anthropogenic sphere

Modernization of the industrial complex from the perspective of the concept of production cycle (A case study of Kuznetsk coal use)

An economic-geographical analysis is made of the main current problems with the development of Kuzbass implying a strict dependence of the economy on world prices and demand for coal, a high transportation component in the price of Kuznetsk coal, and on the irrational structure of the region’s coal sector. From the perspective of the market economy, N. N. Kolosovskii’s concept of energy-production cycles is rethought, the notion of the “coal production cycle” is formulated, and a generalized scheme of this cycle is presented. This study revealed the territorial limits of Kuznetsk coal exports and use which formed the basis for determining the near concentrated consumption of coals including Kemerovo oblast and neighboring regions of Western Siberia. For this zone the proposals were developed for a modernization of the structure of coal production cycle including recommendations for the extraction of coal and associated components, their alternative exports and primary and downstream processing. Attention is focused on the economic-geographical substantiation of the specific location of enterprises for downstream processing of Kuznetsk coals including the facilities for coking, semicoking, generator and subsurface gasification, hydrogenization as well as transportation of coal via the Kuzbass–Ural coal pipeline.

Картографическое сопровождение научно-исследовательских работ в целях обеспечения водной безопасности регионов Западной Сибири

It is proposed to use the cartographic method for solving the research tasks related to water and water management problems in the regions of Western Siberia. Some methodological approaches to proper display of water availability of territories, anthropogenic load on water objects and catchment basins as well as the parameters of the development of regional water management systems were used in the framework of the implemented research projects. The object description was executed in order of decreasing the area of objects, i. e. the territory of Western Siberia, the Ob-Irtysh basin within the Russian Federation, the river basin within the boundaries of one RF subject. The detailed description of the source information for water management maps, the algorithm for obtaining the estimated data and the resulting integral indicators, which serve as a basis for the development of cartographic models are presented. The description of cartographic design is given.

О результатах сравнения определения уклонений отвесной линии на территории западной Сибири

О результатах сравнения определения уклонений отвесной линии на территории западной Сибири

Aryl isoprenoids in crude oils of the Nyurol’ka depression (southeast of Western Siberia)

Composition of crude oils from the Nyurol’ka depression has been studied with the aim to reveal the specifics of the composition and its change along the section. It has been found that the main distinctive feature of oils from the Nyurol’ka depression in the southeast of Western Siberia is the presence in most of them of aryl isoprenoids (trimethylalkylbenzenes bearing an isoprenoid alkyl substituent), which never have been detected in crudes from other oil regions of Western Siberia. It has been shown that aryl isoprenoid-containing oils occur over the entire section of the Nyurol’ka depression from the Paleozoic to the Upper Jurassic. The maximal concentration of these compounds has been found in Paleozoic and Lower Jurassic oils occurring in the east and south of the depression. Their amount is 2.4–3.3 times that of alkylbenzenes. Paleozoic oils that do not contain aryl isoprenoids differ from the other oils by the presence of retene and a lower amount of the tri- and tetramethyl derivatives among naphthalenes.

Становление и развитие высшего образования в Алтайском крае (1941–1991 гг.): перипетии советского тренда

The article analyzes the problems of formation and development of higher education in the Altai Region for half a century. The authors note a rather late start of this process in comparison with the neighboring regions of Western Siberia which was caused by the launch of large-scale industrialization of Altai only during the Great Patriotic War. The industrial modernization of the USSR led to the formation of a “catch-up” model of education introduced in the country since the 1930s. Consequently, the process of formation and development of higher education in the Altai Region took place in the framework of this model. The authors identify the three stages of this process. The first stage lasted from 1941 to the beginning of the 1950s, when the network of higher education institutions was going through a difficult process of formation and survival. The second stage began in 1950 and ended in 1970, when the network of higher education institutions expanded rapidly in the sectoral and territorial aspects while building their capacity. The third phase (1980–1991) includes the stabilization of the system of regional higher education and the exhaustion of the possibilities for any further extensive growth. The statistical analysis of higher education in the Altai Region in the period under review shows the scale and dynamics of the changes taking place. On the basis of the research done, the authors came to the following conclusions: 1) the rigid and centralized management led to the development of the system of regional higher education within a general “catch-up” trend, which was characteristic of the Soviet Union; 2) despite the high growth rates, higher education of the Altai Region still remained on the periphery in Western Siberia, unable to compete with the large centers of higher education on a number of important parameters; 3) the potential of the higher education system, accumulated over the 1960–1980s, allowed it to survive a systemic crisis in the 1990s and adapt to new historical realities.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)5-10

Characterization of humic acids from tundra soils of northern Western Siberia by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Humic acids from polar soils—cryozems (Cryosols), gleyezems (Gleysols), and peat soils (Histosols)—have been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. First information was acquired on the content of free radicals in humic acids from polar soils for the northern regions of Western Siberia (Gydan Peninsula, Belyi Island). It was found that polar soils are characterized by higher contents of free radicals than other zonal soils. This is related to the lower degree of humification of organic matter and the enhanced hydromorphism under continuous permafrost conditions. The low degree of organic matter humification in the cryolithozone was confirmed by the increased content of free radicals as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance, which indicates a low biothermodynamic stability of organic matter.

Принципы формирования партийных списков на выборах депутатов Государственной Думы РФ 2016 г. в регионах Западной Сибири

Принципы формирования партийных списков на выборах депутатов Государственной Думы РФ 2016 г. в регионах Западной Сибири

Occurrence and genetic variability of Kemerovo virus in Ixodes ticks from different regions of Western Siberia, Russia and Kazakhstan

Kemerovo virus (KEMV), a member of the Reoviridae family, Orbivirus genus, is transmitted by Ixodes ticks and can cause aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Recently, this virus was observed in certain provinces of European part of Russia, Ural, and Western and Eastern Siberia. However, the occurrence and genetic diversity of KEMV in Western Siberia remain poorly studied. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence and genetic variability of KEMV in Ixodes ticks from Western Siberia. A total of 1958 Ixodes persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi ticks and their hybrids from Novosibirsk and Omsk provinces, Altai Republic (Russia) and East Kazakhstan province (Kazakhstan) were analyzed for the presence of KEMV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA. It was observed that the KEMV distribution area in Western Siberia was wider than originally thought and included Northern and Northeastern Altai in addition to the Omsk and Novosibirsk provinces. For the first time, this virus was found in Kazakhstan. The occurrence of KEMV was statistically lower than TBEV in most locations in Western Siberia. KEMV was found both in I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks and in their hybrids. Notably, KEMV variants observed in the 2010s were genetically different from those isolated in the 1960s, which indicated the ongoing process of evolution of the Kemerovo virus group. Moreover, the possibility of reassortment for KEMV was demonstrated for the first time.

IDEOLOGICAL CAMPAIGNS IN WESTERN SIBERIA IN 1945 – 1953 (CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PROBLEM)

The paper presents the analysis of the researches dedicated to the problem of “Ideological campaigns in Western Siberia in 1945 – 1953” in the contemporary Russian historiography. The authors analyze a collection of works on this problem published in the early 1990s – 2015. The main directions in the researches of this topic were identified, which allowed classifying them into problematic thematic groups and identifying the promising research directions. The main group of the research works reflects the essence of the ideological campaigns targeted at influencing the Soviet intelligentsia. Researchers started reflecting over the ideological campaigns that focused on the formation of the image of J. V. Stalin in the mass consciousness. Further on, researchers addressed a number of aspects of the ideological campaigns that focused on repressions. The authors state that there is no complex academic publication dedicated to this problem and conclude that the problem of ideological campaigns in Western Siberia in the period of “late Stalinism” has not been studied thoroughly. The events of the ideological campaigns in Kemerovo Region were the first to be reconstructed. Creating generalizing reviews of the works covering the events of the ideological campaigns in different regions of Western Siberia in 1945 – 1953 is a promising research direction.

IMPACT OIL-POLLUTED ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF SIBERIA

Goal. Establishment of the basic laws of physical and chemical composition of the oil of the north of Western Siberia and the assessment of their potential danger to biological systems in the event of accidental spills. Methods. The objects of the physic-chemical and microbiological tests were samples of water and soil of oil-producing complexes oil fields of northing Western Siberia. Oil concentration in soil samples were determined method of extract with chloroform to Soxhlet under reflux. The extracts were combined, freed from the chloroform by rotary evaporation. The oil is weighed and the concentration of pollution each soil sample find out in g/kg. Oil samples from the sampled water were extracted three times with chloroform. The extracts are separated from the water to a separating funnel, were combined and freed of chloroform by rotary evaporation. The concentration of water contamination was determined in mg/dm 3 . Oil from the soil analyzed by FTIR spectrometry Nikolet 5700 spectrometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA). The number of sample scans - 64, the measurement duration - 76.5 seconds, resolution - 4.000 interpolation rate - 0. The spectra were in the range from 400 to 4000 cm -1 . According to IR analyses calculate a coefficient of oxidation (K o ) against optical density values of the absorption bands: K o = D 1710 cm -1 /D 1465 cm -1 , which characterizes the destructive activity of the natural microflora. The absorption band 1710 cm -1 confirms the presence of oxygenated hydrocarbon oxidation products of oil, which include: carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, aromatic and aliphatic esters. The presence of the band 1465 cm -1 absorption of the methylene groups defines various hydrocarbon structures in petroleum contaminant [1]. The total number of heterotrophic microorganisms involved in the recycling of oil processes in soil and water samples was determined by plating on meat-peptone (IPA) and starch-ammonia (SAA) agar to determine the hydrocarbon-oxidizing (DRR) of bacteria and actinomycetes, respectively [2]. The number of microorganisms was determined by the number a colony forming units (CFU) in one ml (water) or g (soil). In order to determine the area of oil pollution in the difficult, swampy territory used methods of processing and interpretation of space images [3]. Results. Is identified oil properties, which have the most negative impact on the environment and biological systems of northern Western Siberia regions. Is revealed deposits with the oil. Is researched oil-contaminated area using ground and satellite data. Is identified the concentrations of oil in the samples of soil, surface water and bottom sediments. Is revealed the number and activity of the microflora, its ability to utilize hydrocarbons. Conclusion. Results of evaluation of the ecological state of oil-contaminated landscapes in oil producing companies have shown that the main polluters of the river system are oil and oil products, the concentration of which exceeds MPC by 3-6 times. The method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the oil extracted from the contaminated samples soil of Soviet field, identified a number of hydrocarbons: alkanes normal and isoprenoid structures, alkyl benzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and dibenzothiophene, are hazardous to living organisms and humans if contaminated rivers during floods and heavy rains. Emerged problems of fresh drinking water quality in the territory of Western Siberia as a result of anthropogenic effect of local and global scale. Present high risk of contamination because of numerous transition points pipelines through small rivers on the territory of oil fields. High pollution concentrations (29-60 g/kg) and low levels of abundance and activity of microorganisms in conditions of the northern regions define a long process of self-purification of soil and surface water. GIS-technologies, mathematical calculations, physic-chemical and microbiological research methods allow timely to assess the scale of the territory contamination, determine the concentration and composition of pollutants and plan remediation events in inaccessible swampy areas of oil producing companies. Effective methods of remediation and measures of prevention to prevent accidents on the pipeline will undoubtedly improve the quality of river water and solve the problems of the relationship between the environment and man.

Comparative Analysis of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Mutations Spectrum in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions of Western Siberia, Russia

Comparative Analysis of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Mutations Spectrum in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions of Western Siberia, Russia

Problems of Design, Construction, and Operation of the Foundations of Transmission Towers in the Northern Regions of Western Siberia

Problems of design, construction, and operation of the foundations of transmission towers in northern regions ofWestern Siberia, associated with the extreme geological and permafrost conditions of the region, as well as factors (natural, anthropogenic, and technological) that cause them. The need to develop new approaches to the design and construction of transmission lines in the north of Western Siberia is justified. Recommendations on how to reduce the failure rate for transmission lines in the region are formulated.

The peculiarities of water acidification in European Russia and Western Siberia

Studies have proven the anthropogenic acidification of waters developing over the spacious territories of European Russia and West Siberia. The acidification is exhibited by the waters of small lakes characterized by bedrock consisting of granite and quartz formations. The acidified lakes of high water transparency, pH values below 6, and the prevalence of strong acids in the anion composition account for 4.4% of 201 lakes of European Russia and 8.2% of 166 explored lakes in the taiga and tundra regions of western Siberia. The main factor causing the development of acidification over the European Russia is the emission of technogenic sulfur by metallurgical smelteries. As for western Siberia, this is the combustion of associated gas at oil-producing enterprises. These processes combined with natural factors determine the complicated mechanism of anthropogenic acidification of waters.