IMPACT OIL-POLLUTED ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF SIBERIA

Abstract

Goal. Establishment of the basic laws of physical and chemical composition of the oil of the north of Western Siberia and the assessment of their potential danger to biological systems in the event of accidental spills. Methods. The objects of the physic-chemical and microbiological tests were samples of water and soil of oil-producing complexes oil fields of northing Western Siberia. Oil concentration in soil samples were determined method of extract with chloroform to Soxhlet under reflux. The extracts were combined, freed from the chloroform by rotary evaporation. The oil is weighed and the concentration of pollution each soil sample find out in g/kg. Oil samples from the sampled water were extracted three times with chloroform. The extracts are separated from the water to a separating funnel, were combined and freed of chloroform by rotary evaporation. The concentration of water contamination was determined in mg/dm 3 . Oil from the soil analyzed by FTIR spectrometry Nikolet 5700 spectrometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA). The number of sample scans - 64, the measurement duration - 76.5 seconds, resolution - 4.000 interpolation rate - 0. The spectra were in the range from 400 to 4000 cm -1 . According to IR analyses calculate a coefficient of oxidation (K o ) against optical density values of the absorption bands: K o = D 1710 cm -1 /D 1465 cm -1 , which characterizes the destructive activity of the natural microflora. The absorption band 1710 cm -1 confirms the presence of oxygenated hydrocarbon oxidation products of oil, which include: carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, aromatic and aliphatic esters. The presence of the band 1465 cm -1 absorption of the methylene groups defines various hydrocarbon structures in petroleum contaminant [1]. The total number of heterotrophic microorganisms involved in the recycling of oil processes in soil and water samples was determined by plating on meat-peptone (IPA) and starch-ammonia (SAA) agar to determine the hydrocarbon-oxidizing (DRR) of bacteria and actinomycetes, respectively [2]. The number of microorganisms was determined by the number a colony forming units (CFU) in one ml (water) or g (soil). In order to determine the area of oil pollution in the difficult, swampy territory used methods of processing and interpretation of space images [3]. Results. Is identified oil properties, which have the most negative impact on the environment and biological systems of northern Western Siberia regions. Is revealed deposits with the oil. Is researched oil-contaminated area using ground and satellite data. Is identified the concentrations of oil in the samples of soil, surface water and bottom sediments. Is revealed the number and activity of the microflora, its ability to utilize hydrocarbons. Conclusion. Results of evaluation of the ecological state of oil-contaminated landscapes in oil producing companies have shown that the main polluters of the river system are oil and oil products, the concentration of which exceeds MPC by 3-6 times. The method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the oil extracted from the contaminated samples soil of Soviet field, identified a number of hydrocarbons: alkanes normal and isoprenoid structures, alkyl benzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and dibenzothiophene, are hazardous to living organisms and humans if contaminated rivers during floods and heavy rains. Emerged problems of fresh drinking water quality in the territory of Western Siberia as a result of anthropogenic effect of local and global scale. Present high risk of contamination because of numerous transition points pipelines through small rivers on the territory of oil fields. High pollution concentrations (29-60 g/kg) and low levels of abundance and activity of microorganisms in conditions of the northern regions define a long process of self-purification of soil and surface water. GIS-technologies, mathematical calculations, physic-chemical and microbiological research methods allow timely to assess the scale of the territory contamination, determine the concentration and composition of pollutants and plan remediation events in inaccessible swampy areas of oil producing companies. Effective methods of remediation and measures of prevention to prevent accidents on the pipeline will undoubtedly improve the quality of river water and solve the problems of the relationship between the environment and man.