Western Forest-Steppe Research Articles

Effect of Desiccant Application on Pre-Harvest Humidity of Medium-Early Hybrid LG 3258 Corn in Western Forest-Steppe Conditions

The high pre-harvest humidity of corn grain leads to seed injury and considerably increases the cost of growing technology. The purpose of the study is to establish the effectiveness of using desiccants to reduce the pre-harvest moisture content of grain and determine whether the desiccation of corn crops affects the yield. The following methods were used to achieve this purpose: field – to establish the effect of desiccation on corn yield, laboratory – to determine the moisture content in grain, statistical – for mathematical processing of experiment results. A field experiment that examined the timing of desiccation and the norms of desiccant use involving Roundup Max and Reglon Super preparations was conducted. Hybrid corn – LG 3258, FAO 250, medium-early. According to the results of the study, the use of desiccants reduced the pre-harvest moisture content of corn grain in all variants of the experiment. Weather conditions had a considerable impact on the decrease in grain humidity. Thus, in 2018 and 2019, the desiccation decreased the pre-harvest moisture content of grain by 6.4-8.0%, and in 2020 – by 4.0-5.3% with the treatment of corn plants in the black dot phase with Roundup Max at a rate of 3.2 l/ha. The use of Reglon Super in the phase of the appearance of a black dot resulted in a decrease in humidity by 5.2-7.8%, depending on the rate of consumption of the drug and the year of study. The treatment with Roundup Max 10 days after the black dot appeared decreased the humidity by 4.0-7.5%, depending on the consumption rate and the year of study. The use of Reglon Super reduced pre-harvest humidity by 4.0-6.5%, depending on the rate of the drug and the year of the study. Treatment of plants in the 40% grain moisture phase was the most effective, which contributed to the formation of 20.1% humidity when using Roundup Max at a rate of 3.2 l/ha. Desiccant treatment of corn crops did not affect the yield in any of the variants of the experiment. According to the results of the study, corn desiccation is an effective technological technique that reduces the pre-harvest moisture content of grain by 4.0-8.0%, depending on the drug, its rate, and weather conditions. The lowest harvesting humidity – 20.1% was obtained in the variant of treating corn with a grain humidity of 40% with Roundup Max at a rate of 3.2 l/ha. The economic assessment showed that the highest net profit was obtained in the Roundup Max 2.4 l/ha treatment option in the black dot phase – UAH 47,491/ha, the profitability level is 165%

Efficacy of funcicides in maize growing

Goal. To determine the technical efficiency of fungicidal treatments against helminthosporiosis, rust and fusarium ear rot in the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. Field. The research scheme included 13 variants with different amounts of fungicidal treatments. The following fungicides were used in the experiments: Abacus e.c. (epoxiconazole 62.5 l/ha + pyraclostrobin 62.5 l/ ha), Coronet 300 SC (trifloxystrobin 100 g/l + tebuconazole 200 g /l), Custodia CS (tebuconazole 200 g/l + azoxystrobin 120 g/l), Acanto KS (picoxystrobin — 250 g/l. Records of diseases were performed according to generally accepted methods in the phase of wax ripeness.
 Results. Studies have shown that fungicidal treatments reduce the development of helminthosporiosis by 14.9—25.9%, rust — by 4.0—19.4% and fusarium ear rot by 3.2—6.3%. The weighted average development of maize diseases depended on the period of application and the amount of fungicidal sprays. Among the one-time treatments, the lowest level of disease development was when spraying in the phase of panicle ejection, among double treatments — 10 leaves and panicle ejection. Three uses of fungicides in the phase of 10 leaves, shedding of panicles and after flowering reduced the development of helminthosporiosis to 4.4%, rust — to 3.5%, fusarium ear rot — to 1.2%. The highest level of protection was obtained in the variant of four preparations in the phase of 10 leaves, ejection of panicles, after flowering and grain filling, where the development of helminthosporiosis was 4.4%, rust — 2.9%, fusarium ear rot — 1.1%. The technical efficiency of the studied drugs increased with increasing number of fungicidal treatments and was the highest in the variant of four applications of fungicides, which is 86.6% against helminthosporiosis, 87.0% against rust and 85.5% against fusarium ear rot.
 Conclusions. The technical effectiveness of fungicides depends on the period of application of the drug and increases with an increase in the number of treatments. High technical efficiency was noted in the variant of the three-time introduction of fungicides in the phase of 10 leaves, throwing out the panicle and after flowering. The highest efficiency is in the variant of the four-time introduction of fungicides in the phase of 10 leaves, throwing out the panicle, after flowering and filling the grain.

Efficiency of Microfertilizer Oracle Multicomplex in Corn Cultivation Technology

In recent years, the use of all types of fertilizers has sharply decreased, which negatively affected the state of the agroecosystem, its stability and constancy, therefore, it is extremely important to replenish nutrients, including microelements, to maintain the stability of yields. The increasing attention of scientists and industrialists deserves the question of the use of micronutrient fertilizers in the plant nutrition system, as an important element of the technology of growing crops. It is especially important to study the various forms, types and timing of their introduction. The article presents the research results for 2019-2021 according to the effect of microfertilizer Oracle multicomplex (1.5 l/ha) applied foliarly during the development phases of plants of the mid-early hybrid Orzhitsa 237 MB (VVSN 13-15, VVSN 16-18, VVSN 59) against the background of mineral nutrition – N150P90K90. It has been established that on gray forest surface-gley soils of the Western Forest-Steppe zone, a high grain yield of the mid-early corn hybrid (FAO 200-299) of the Orzhitsa 237 MV ripeness group was provided both by favorable weather conditions and by the influence of the Oracle multicomplex. Foliar application of the Oracle multicomplex microfertilizer in the phase BBCH 13-15 (3-5 leaves) increased the yield increase versus control (without micronutrient fertilization) by 0.82 t/ha, by meeting the needs of plants of this period in available forms of phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc, when panicle axes were laid on the tops of the shoots, and lateral apical meristems (future cobs) formed in the leaf axils. The highest yield by 1.19 t/ha was obtained with foliar application of micronutrient fertilizer in the phase of 6-8 leaves (VVSN 16-18). In this phase, panicle flowers, pollen grains in the stamens, the number of ears and grains in a row were laid, therefore, the content of S, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn in the fertilizer positively influenced the formation of the reproductive organs of maize plants. Under the influence of micronutrient fertility introduced into the phase of full panic appearance (VVSN 59), blooming and pollution of maize effectively taken place, which ensured an increase in grain yield – 1.27 t/ha. The difference in this indicator between the VVSN 16-18 and VVSN 59 phases was unreliable (0.09 t/ha). Balanced nutrition of plants with macroelements (N150P90K90 with a gradual introduction of nitrogen) and micro – Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, S, Mo contributed to the formation of a 55-59 g higher weight of 1000 grains. The total yield of the coarse and medium grain fractions was 91.5-92.1%, the fine one decreased by 30.6%

Оцінка сортозразків ячменю озимого за стійкістю до збудників листкових хвороб та урожайністю

Goal. To identify varieties of winter barley with high resistance against pathogens of fungal leaf diseases and high yield productivity in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted using field (assessment of disease development in winter barley varieties), laboratory (identification of pathogens of winter barley diseases), analytical, mathematical and statistical methods. To determine the influence of climatic factors, in particular the amount of precipitation and temperature on the development of diseases, the hydrothermal coefficient was used in the period April–July. Results. The highest resistance index against powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe graminis DC. f. hordei Em. Marchal was fixed in the following varieties: Shyrokolystyi, Dnister, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Hohius, Fiodor × Samson, and against the pathogen of dwarf rust Puccinia hordei Otth: Shyrokolystyi, Zbruch, Dnister, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius. The complex resistance against pathogens of two diseases was fixed for cultivars: Obroshynskyi × NE 0.05%, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius (1.12% each). On average for 2019–2021, the highest yields among the studied varieties of winter barley were formed by: Fiodor x Samson (4.23 t/ha), Dostoinyi × Maskara (4.0 t/ha), Fiodor × Hohius (3.8 t/ha) ha), Aboryghen × Scarpia and Shyrokolystyi (3.7 t/ha each). Conclusions. The highest indicators of complex resistance against pathogens of two diseases were fixed in the following varieties: Obroshynskyi × NE 0.05%, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius (1.12% each). The most valuable varieties are Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius, which are characterized by a combination of high index of complex resistance with individual resistance against some pathogens of fungal leaf diseases and high productivity.

Yield of Amaranth (Amaranthus) Depending on the Cultivar in the Conditions of Ukrainian Western Forest-Steppe

Amaranth is called the culture of the future due to its unique food, feeding and medicinal properties. The acreage of Amaranth in Ukraine is very small, which can be explained by the lack of adaptive cultivation technologies, especially for growing this crop for grain. The purpose of the research was to establish the most productive cultivars for growing in the conditions of excessive and sufficient moisture in the western forest-steppe on dark grey soil. For this purpose, field research was conducted in the experimental field of Lviv National Agrarian University. The total area of the site was 30 m2, recording – 20 m2. The studies were conducted in three repetitions. The authors studied seven of the most common cultivars of Amaranth in Ukraine: Kharkivskyi 1, Lera, Sam, Studentskyi, Polishchuk, Aztec, Ultra. It was established that the yield of amaranth considerably depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the year. It was lower in years with excessive rainfall in the first half of vegetation (2019 and 2020). The highest grain yield (2.46-4.35 t/ha) was formed in 2021 when the amount of precipitation in May, June and July was within the normal range. A strong inverse correlation was established (r=-0.82–r=-0.95) between the yield of amaranth cultivars and the amount of precipitation. The highest grain yield (4.03 t/ha) among the studied amaranth cultivars was obtained in Kharkivskyi 1. The lowest yield was formed in the Ultra cultivar (1.97 t/ha), which is less than in the Kharkivskyi 1 cultivar by 2.06 t/ha. The study of elements of the yield structure showed that the height of the plant had a positive effect (r=0.63) on the level of amaranth grain yield, while average relationship was observed between panicle length and yield (r=-0.36). The weight of 1000 seeds in the cultivars ranged from 0.74-0.88 g. The low mass of seeds per plant had the greatest impact on yield (r=0.99). The highest yield of amaranth of the Kharkivskyi 1 cultivar was formed with the following ratio of the main elements of the crop structure: the number of plants – 21 p/m2 and the mass of seeds from the plant – 19.2 g. To obtain a high stable yield of amaranth grain, additional research is required to clarify the main elements of cultivation technology for these soil and climatic conditions

The influence of sowing time and seeding rate on the yield of clary sage inflorescences in the Western Forest-Steppe

The influence of sowing time and seeding rate on the yield of clary sage inflorescences in the Western Forest-Steppe

Monitoring of soybean productivity under different fertilizer systems in the Western Forest-Steppe

Monitoring of soybean productivity under different fertilizer systems in the Western Forest-Steppe

The influence of climate change on the formation of the vyka spring harvest in the western forest steppe of Ukraine

The influence of climate change on the formation of the vyka spring harvest in the western forest steppe of Ukraine

Causes of soil degradation of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ivano-Frankivsk region

Causes of soil degradation of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ivano-Frankivsk region

Formation of the yield of oil flax depending on the variety and seeding rate in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Formation of the yield of oil flax depending on the variety and seeding rate in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Influence of Mineral Nutrition on the formation of the leaf surface area by corn plants in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Influence of Mineral Nutrition on the formation of the leaf surface area by corn plants in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Creation of new starting material for the selection of high-product quick maize hybrids, adapted to the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Creation of new starting material for the selection of high-product quick maize hybrids, adapted to the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Ecological plasticity of lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Jorish) in the Western Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To reveal the adaptive potential of stem lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) accor­ding to the parameters of yield, ecological plasticity, stability and adaptability in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The stability and plasticity of stem lettuce yield was evaluated according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Rassel method. Soil and climatic conditions of the research area were generally favorable for lettuce growth and development. Research methods: field, laboratory and statistical. Results. Stem lettuce varieties showed different duration of the interfacial period of germination – technical ripeness: for ‘Pogonych’ variety it was 35 days, which made it possible to collect marketable products 6 days earlier than in the control. ‘Cobra’ variety showed the largest leaf area (13 109.12 m2). The value of the yield index of the rosette of leaves and stems over the years of research was in the range of 53.2–57.0 t/ha. Variety ‘Pogonych’ showed the highest rates of Yp.p. and Yd. – 74.0 and 7.8 t/ha, respectively. The stem lettuce varieties had a high coefficient of agronomic stability > 70%. ‘Tseltus’ variety showed the highest value of the index of environmental conditions (bi = 1.07), which indicates its high sensitivity in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. ‘Pogonych’ variety demonstrated ecological plasticity. Conclusions. ‘Pogonych’ stem lettuce variety showed ecological plasticity, stability and tolerance to stressful environmental conditions in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, but it was less adaptive to the constant limits of soil and climatic parameters of environmental factors. High homeostaticity was inherent in all studied varie­ties, which had a higher, than 70% coefficient of agronomic stability, namely: ‘Pogonych’, ‘Cobra’ and ‘Tseltus’.

Efficacy of herbicides in sunflower sowings in the conditions of the western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. Determinе the species composition of weeds and the most efficient system of weed control in sunflower sowings.
 Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. The species composition of spring weeds in sunflower sowings was mainly represented by dicotyledonous species Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Matricaria inodora L., Thlaspi arvense L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Sinapis arvensis L., Xanthium strumarium L. and cereal weeds Setaria glauca L., Echinochloa cruss-galli L. The efficiency of the use of herbicides Challenge 2.5 l/ha + Harness 1.5 l/ha on the 30th day after application, against the total number of weeds, was 89.7%. Meanwhile, the use of the herbicide Challenge is the application rate of 2.0 l/ha appeared more effective with the efficiency rate of 95.6%. The herbicides, regardless of their application scheme, did not caused thinning of the sowing density; however, plant suppression did occur. This was evidenced by reduced plant height during the anthodium formation and flowering stage compared to control.
 Conclusions. The dominant weed species in sunflower crops were Amaranthus retroflexus with the share of 15%, Chenopodium album 8%, Setaria glauca L. 23% and Echinochloa cruss galli 10%. Application of herbicide Challenge 2 l/ha in the 2 to 4 leaf stage of sunflower appeared the most effective as weed control method with the efficiency rate of 92.8%. Herbicides Challenge (2.5 l/ha) + Harness (1.5 l/ha) were milder to crop plants, which ultimately contributed to the formation of sunflower yield of 3.47 t/ha in hybrid ‘NK Condy’ and 3.04 t/ha in hybrid ‘Atilla’.

Influence of biostimulants and biostimulating complexes on the growth and development of soybeans in the Western Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Goal. The choice of biocomplexes for providing crop’s maximal potential in the terms of organic farming.
 Methods. The biological preparations, stimulants, their combinations and systematic complexes were the objects of researches. The biotechnological researches methods used during the work. The preparations efficiency was determined by different consumption rates against fungi diseases. The records conducted as per approved techniques with experimental methods usage in phytopathology and plant protection.
 Results. The complex usage: Biomag Soybean 4.0 l/t + Biophosphoryn 2.0 l/t + PhytoDoctor1.0 l/t + Urozhay Start 0.1 l/t (the increased rate Biophosphoryn) showed the best results during the analysis of biological complexes for treating soybean seeds and their phytosynthetic abilities. The conducted analysis of different preparations showed that soybean vegetation indexes and plants resistance to diseases had clearly formed in dependence upon the combination of researched preparations. The best result of first researches seria have received by the complex: Biomag Soybean + extender (2.0 + 1.0 l/t) + Biophosphoryn (1.0 l/t) + Phytodoctor(1.0 l/t); treating at growing seed Gaubsin FORTE (1,5 l/ha);Uroshay Bor (1.5 l/ha), Aminostym (1.0 l/ha), Actarophyt (0,4—0,6 l/ha), FitoNiss (0.5 l/ ha), Urozhay Co-Mo(0.25 l/ha), Urozhay Co-Mo (0.35 l/ha). The highest indexes were received during the seeds complex usage: Biomag Soybean + Extender (2.0 + 1.0 l/t) + Biophosphorin (1.0 l/t) + Phytodoctor (1.0 l/t), treating at the growing: Gaubsin FORTE (1.5 l/ha); Urozhay Bor (1.5 l/ha), Biomag (11.0 l/ha); Actarophit (0.4—0.6 l/ha), BioMag (0,5 l/ ha), Urozhay Co-Mo (0.35 l/ha).
 Conclusions. Increasing the yield and reducing the manifestation of the complex of fungal diseases of soybeans can be achieved through the correct selection of a system of biofungicides and growth stimulants without the use of drugs of chemical origin.

Evaluation of phytosanitary condition of sunflower crops in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To determine the species pathogens composition of sunflower diseases and to study the dynamics of development of the most harmful in the conditions of the western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. The research was carried out during 2018—2019 in the research field of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Station on Plant Quarantine of Institute of Plant Protection using laboratory (pathogen identification) and field (examination of sunflower crops with sampling of plant material) methods.
 Results. Since the 1940s, the sunflower area in Ukraine has increased almost in 10 times: from 669 thousand hectares in 1939 to 5034 thousand hectares in 2017. The main crops — 75—80% are located in the steppe, and about 20% — in the Forest-Steppe zone. The sunflower crops are moving further to the west of Ukraine, where its areas increased in 2015—2017 by 1.7—6.4 times with large-scale climate change. However, the instability of weather conditions in this region and violations of the rules of agricultural technology lead to the defeat of sunflower plants by diseases of various etiologies. Researches studying the development of fungal diseases of sunflower have shown that the threat to crops was: embelizia (plant damage in the yellow basket phase was 73.3—100% with the development of the disease 36.7—75.5%); Alternaria (plant damage was 100% with the development of the disease 45—65.0%), verticillium wilt — the number of affected plants reached 35%, rust — for 100% of the affected plants, the intensity of sunflower damage was 3 points (for 5 score scale); the prevalence of phomosis and phomopsis for two years did not exceed 43.5%, and development — 15.4%.
 Conclusions. The most common during the study period (2018—2019) were: Alternaria alternata (Fr.Fr) Keissl.), embelizia (Alternaria helianthi Tub. et Nish.), verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke et Berthold, V. dahliae Kleb., phomoses (Phoma oleraceae var. helianthi Sacc.) and phomopsis (Phomopsis helianthi Munt.Cvet. et al) in the western region of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Ефективність азотного удобрення на багаторічному злаковому лучному агрофітоценозі в умовах південної частини Лісостепу Західного

Goal. To determine the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on the productivity and botanical composition of sown cereal grass on the slope and economic efficiency of mineral nitrogen application on dry meadows of the Southern part of the Western Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field — to account yield of green mass, laboratory — to determine the dry matter content, statistical — to mathematically process the yield data by analysis of variance, comparative — to determine the economic efficiency of the studied methods of growing perennial grasses. Results. The highly productive use of sown cereal grass is impossible without fertilizers. Thus, on average for 5 years of use, the productivity of sown cereals without fertilizer was 3.72 t/ha of dry matter. With the application of nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N30 under the 1st mow, it increased by 1.05 t/ha compared to the control. The further increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application to N30 under the 1st and N30 under the 2nd mows ensured an increase in productivity to 5.57 t/ha of dry matter. The productivity of cereal grass was high with the introduction of N60 under the 1st and N30 under the 2nd mows. The total dry matter yield in that variant of fertilizer was 6.61 t/ha, the payback of 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizers — 32.1 kg of dry matter. However, with the introduction of N30, the payback of 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer the yield was higher and amounted to 35 kg of dry matter. In the variant without fertilizer, on average, for 5 years of use, a grass stand with a predominance of perennial grasses was formed, but nitrogen fertilizer increased the share of cereal components by 9.4–17.2%. The application of nitrogen fertilizer proved to be an economically feasible way to increase the productivity of sown grass. Thus, the highest conditional net profit on average for 5 years of grass use was in the variant with the application of N90 with different distribution of nitrogen under the mows during the growing season (N60 — under the 1st, N30 — under the 2nd mows) — 5.38 thousand UAH/ha. Conclusions. On the gray forest soils of the Western Forest-Steppe on sown cereal grassland application of mineral nitrogen in doses from N30 to N90 increased productivity of grassland by 28–78%, and increased the share of perennial grasses in the agro phytocoenosis by 9.4–17.2%. The payback of 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizers was high and made 31–35 kg of dry matter. On average, for 5 years of use of grass the highest conditional net profit was obtained in the variant with the introduction of N90 (N60 — under the 1st and N30 — under the 2nd mows).

Characteristics of the productivity structure, yield and quality composition of beans grain varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The article considers the results of research on common beans varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), their productivity and quality indicators in the Western Forest-Steppe. The results of biometric analysis show that bean plants differed in terms of variety. According to the height of the plant, the varieties were distributed as follows: low (< 51 cm) – Galaktyka, Perlyna, Shchedra, Mavka, Otrada, Nespodivanka, Pervomaiska, Yuvileyna 287, Stanychnaya, Nadiya, Bukovynka; medium (51–70 cm) – Kharkivska shtambova, Veselka, Dokuchaevska, Dniprianka. The height of attachment of the lower bean was the highest in the varieties Galaktyka and Stanychnaya – 16,6 cm, in Otrada variety – 16,3 cm, the lowest in the Dniprianka variety – 7,7 cm. At the same time, the height from the soil surface to the tip of the lower bean was the highest in the Perlyna variety – 6,9 cm, due to the length of the beans 7–8 cm. While in the variety Stanychnaya, due to the length of the beans 12–15 cm, this fgure was 4,9 cm. The lowest height from the soil surface to the tip of the lower bean was in the Panna variety – 1,8 cm and the Dniprianka variety – 2,3 cm, respectively. It was found that the largest number of internodes was in the variety Nespodivanka – 19,3 pieces, the lowest in the varieties Panna – 7,0 and Veselka – 8,8 pieces. The number of branches was the largest in the variety Slaviya – 4,4 pieces, the smallest in the variety Stanychnaya – 2,9 pieces, in the varieties Panna and Galaktyka – 3,1 pieces. The largest number of beans on the plant is set in the Nespodivanka variety – 26,8 pcs., the smallest in the variety Stanychnaya – 8,2 pcs. The studied varieties by weight of 1000 seeds are divided into groups: small (101–200 g) – Perlyna, Shchedra, Nespodivanka; medium (201–400 g) – Kharkivska shtambova, Mavka, Veselka, Otrada, Dokuchaevska, Yuvileyna 287, Pervomaiska, Dniprianka, Bukovynka, Nadiya; large (401– 800 g) – Galaktyka and Stanychnaya. The yield of beans depended on the characteristics and potential of the studied varieties. The highest yield of bean grain on average in 2012–2018 was obtained in the studied varieties: Perlyna – 2,61 t/ha, Kharkivska shtambova – 2,57 t/ ha, Nespodivanka – 2,33 t/ha, Mavka – 2,34 t/ha, Pervomaiska – 3,41 t/ha and Nadiya – 2,36 t/ha. Depending on the variety, the bean grain contains crude protein in the range of 18,75 % in the Pervomaiska variety to 23,38 % in the Slavia variety. The fber content is 3,7–5,5 %, ash – 3,29–3,94 %, BER – 55,5–59,9 %. Key words: common bean, productivity, variety, plant height, height of attachment of the lower bean, number of internodes, beans, grain, weight of 1000 seeds, yield, grain quality indicators.

Weather Factors and Their Influence on the Adaptive Properties of Winter Wheat Varieties in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The yield potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is formed in changing weather conditions and depends on the proposed agro-technological measures, to which the response of a particular variety is different. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weather factors on the field germination of soft winter wheat seeds, the growth and development of plants in the autumn and wintering in the zone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, by sowing high-quality basic seed, careful soil preparation and the presence of optimum environmental factors. A sufficient level of productive soil moisture, which protects young shoots from possible deficiency after germination and is a long-term source of moisture at the next stages of organogenesis, has a great influence on obtaining friendly and timely shoots. Often overwintering conditions, when plants suffer from low negative temperatures at the beginning and at the end of the winter period, ground ice crust, resumption of vegetation in winter are the causes of freezing, loss, and ultimately a decrease in yield and seed quality. It has been confirmed that an increase in the temperature regime in 244-247°C in the autumn-winter period and the optimal amount of precipitation contribute to sufficient (31.6-34.6 mm) productive soil moisture (0-20 cm), which positively influences the process of germination of soft winter wheat, provides a high percentage of field germination of seeds of varieties (93.8-94.5%), lengthens the autumn development of plants by 3-12 days, which causes 3.5-5.7% higher accumulation of sugar content in the tillering nodes and a high percentage of overwintering (up to 95.5-96.4%). Varieties of the forest-steppe ecological type of soft winter wheat have insignificant phenotypic variability of adaptive traits, therefore, in the production of grain and seed products, it is recommended to give preference to the plant varieties listed in the Register, suitable for distribution in Ukraine for the Forest-Steppe zone, Polissya. The recommendations set out in this scientific work will help agricultural producers of the studied soil and climatic zone to carry out an effective, more ecologically plastic, highly productive variety replacement

Formation of the spring barley yield depending on climate conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Formation of the spring barley yield depending on climate conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine