Оцінка сортозразків ячменю озимого за стійкістю до збудників листкових хвороб та урожайністю

Abstract

Goal. To identify varieties of winter barley with high resistance against pathogens of fungal leaf diseases and high yield productivity in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted using field (assessment of disease development in winter barley varieties), laboratory (identification of pathogens of winter barley diseases), analytical, mathematical and statistical methods. To determine the influence of climatic factors, in particular the amount of precipitation and temperature on the development of diseases, the hydrothermal coefficient was used in the period April–July. Results. The highest resistance index against powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe graminis DC. f. hordei Em. Marchal was fixed in the following varieties: Shyrokolystyi, Dnister, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Hohius, Fiodor × Samson, and against the pathogen of dwarf rust Puccinia hordei Otth: Shyrokolystyi, Zbruch, Dnister, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius. The complex resistance against pathogens of two diseases was fixed for cultivars: Obroshynskyi × NE 0.05%, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius (1.12% each). On average for 2019–2021, the highest yields among the studied varieties of winter barley were formed by: Fiodor x Samson (4.23 t/ha), Dostoinyi × Maskara (4.0 t/ha), Fiodor × Hohius (3.8 t/ha) ha), Aboryghen × Scarpia and Shyrokolystyi (3.7 t/ha each). Conclusions. The highest indicators of complex resistance against pathogens of two diseases were fixed in the following varieties: Obroshynskyi × NE 0.05%, Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius (1.12% each). The most valuable varieties are Dostoinyi × Maskara, Aboryghen × Scarpia, Fiodor × Samson, Fiodor × Hohius, which are characterized by a combination of high index of complex resistance with individual resistance against some pathogens of fungal leaf diseases and high productivity.