Weeks Of HIIT Research Articles

Effects of high-intensity interval training on subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial

This study aimed to verify the effect of 12 weeks of HIIT on the perceived sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). For this, a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, including 36 adults with moderate-severe OSA (19 males; 52.2 ± 9.8 years; body mass index = 34.2 ± 5.8; AHI = 42.0 ± 22.9 e/h) was performed. Participants were randomly assigned to HIIT [5 periods of 4 min of walking or running on a treadmill at 90–95 % of maximum heart rate (HRmax) interspersed with 3 min of walking at 50–55 % of HRmax performed three times per week for 12 weeks] or a control group (CG; stretching exercises performed two times per week for 12 weeks). Specific domains of subjective sleep quality and EDS were assessed at baseline and post 12 weeks. Generalized estimated equation were used to verify between groups and times differences. There were no group × time interactions for the domains sleep duration (0.416), sleep efficiency (0.198), sleep disturbance (0.523), and sleep medications (0.915). However, significant group × time interactions were observed for global sleep score (0.022), and for the domains sleep quality (0.001), sleep latency (0.029), and daytime dysfunction (0.012). In addition, there was a significant group × time interaction for EDS (HIIT = −3.4 ± 0.9; CG change = −1.0 ± 1.0; p = 0.023). Thus, in patients with OSA, 12 weeks of HIIT improves perceived sleep quality and daytime sleepiness.

Results of a feasibility and initial efficacy clinical trial of a high-intensity interval training program using adaptive equipment in persons with multiple sclerosis who have walking disability

BackgroundHigh intensity interval training (HIIT) has been identified as potential stimulus for eliciting health-promoting physical activity in an efficient manner among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The current study aimed to examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a 12-week HIIT program using a recumbent stepper (RSTEP) in persons with MS who have walking disability. Feasibility outcomes of interest included process (i.e., recruitment, adherence, and retention rates), resource (i.e., time and monetary costs), management (i.e., data management and safety reporting assessment), and science (i.e., safety, burden, and treatment effect assessment). We hypothesized that 12-weeks of HIIT will be feasible via meeting a priori benchmarks in process, resource, management, and scientific outcomes. The efficacy outcomes of interest included changes in aerobic fitness, physical activity, walking, upper arm function, cognition, fatigue, and depressive symptoms. We hypothesized that 12 weeks of HIIT would result in improvements in aerobic capacity, walking, upper arm function, cognition, fatigue, and depression. MethodsA pre-post clinical trial design was applied. Participants (N = 16) were recruited and enrolled in the 12-week RSTEP HIIT program who met the following inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, self-reported diagnosis of MS, Patient Determined Disability Steps scale score 3.0–7.0, relapse free in past 30 days, willing to visit a University Laboratory for study protocol, asymptomatic status for maximal exercise testing, physician approval, and a self-reported ability to speak, read, and understand English. Measures of efficacy outcomes of interest included Six Minute Walk Test (6MW), Timed 25 Foot Walk Test (T25FW), the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS), 9-hole peg test (9-HPT), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Fatigue Severity Survey (FSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12). Participants completed a graded maximal exercise test for measuring aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and prescription of exercise throughout the intervention. All outcomes were measured at baseline, mid-point (6-weeks), and post-intervention (12-weeks). The intervention involved 12 weeks of supervised, individualized HIIT sessions two times per week using RSTEP. The individual HIIT sessions included 10 cycles of 60 s intervals at the work rate associated with 90 % VO2peak followed by 60 s of active recovery intervals, totaling 20 minutes plus 5-minute warm-up and cool-down periods. Process, resources, management, and scientific feasibility outcomes were examined using descriptive statistics, percentage, and frequency analyses. The efficacy of the intervention was assessed using a 1-factor (Time), repeated measure analysis of variance to identify significant changes over time. ResultsFourteen of 16 participants were retained throughout the full study period and adherence with prescribed exercise sessions was 97 %. Twenty-three staff were comprehensively trained across two sites. There was only one adverse event reported that did not impact participation in the study and overall mean satisfaction rating with the program among participants was 4.7/5. There were statistically significant changes in cognitive processing speed (p = 0.002), GLTEQ (p = 0.005), and MSWS-12 (p = 0.04), but not the other outcomes of fitness, arm function, and walking. Of note, there were large effect sizes noted for peak power output (d = 1.10) and FSS (d = 1.05) despite the lack of statistically significant changes ConclusionFeasibility of a 12-week individualized RSTEP HIIT program was established and participants significantly improved on measures of cognition, physical activity, and walking.

The 40-min HIIT acutely induced bone formation which was likely through the increases in muscle derived interleukin 6 and adiponectin activation: The 16 weeks of HIIT intervention, longitudinal randomized controlled trial

PurposeThere is some controversy regarding cytokines released from adipocytes, particularly adiponectin, leptin, and IL6 that regulate bone remodeling. In addition, IL6 is released from muscle contraction, which might have a distinct role in bone remodeling. Hence, this study investigated whether muscle contraction during a session of 40 min of high intensity interval training (40-min HIIT) and after 16 weeks of HIIT (16-wk HIIT) altered the release of those cytokines and bone remodeling in overweight women. MethodsIn total, 22 overweight, premenopausal women were randomly assigned to either the exercise or the control group. The exercise participants engaged in the 40-min HIIT session at 80–90 % of their heart rate reserve (HRR) three times weekly for 16 weeks, while the control participants performed their routine daily activities. Blood was drawn after overnight fasting and immediately after completing the 40-min HIIT sessions to investigate the association of adiponectin, leptin, IL6, CTX, and P1NP through the acute effect of the 40-min HIIT sessions. This process was repeated after the 16-wk intervention program to observe the training effect of HIIT on cytokines linkage. The bone mineral density (BMD) levels of the distal tibia, femur, and lumbar spine were determined prior to and after the 16-wk intervention using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ResultsThe P1NP level increased by 8.29–20.52 % (95 % CI) and by 2.91–15.54 % after completing the first and last bouts of the 40-min HIIT sessions, respectively. In addition, IL6 increased by 13.39–28.03 % (95 % CI), while serum CTX and adiponectin were unaltered from the acute effect of the 40-min HIIT sessions. There was an association between the increases in P1NP and adiponectin (r = 0.682, p = 0.015); however, the increase in P1NP was mostly associated with the increase in IL6 (r = 0.572, p = 0.054) after completing a 40-min HIIT session. After the 16-wk HIIT program, the resting adiponectin level of the exercise participants increased; however, this was associated with neither bone biomarkers nor BMD. The BMDs of the exercise participants were maintained; however, the tibial BMD of the control participants decreased with an increase in the resting CTX level after 16 weeks. ConclusionMuscle contraction during the 40-min HIIT session elevated the IL6 level, which might have subsequently enhanced bone formation. Furthermore, the association between acute changes in adiponectin and P1NP suggested the possibility of an increase in the sensitivity of the adiponectin receptor in osteoblasts.

Highlighting the effects of high-intensity interval training on the changes associated with hypertrophy, apoptosis, and histological proteins of the heart of old rats with type 2 diabetes

T2DM is known to cause disturbances in glucose homeostasis and negative changes in the heart muscle, while aging and diabetes are recognized risk factors for CVD. Given this, our study aims to investigate a method for controlling and managing CVDs induced by T2DM in elderly populations. To achieve this, we categorized 40 rats into 5 groups, including HAD (n = 8), HA (n = 8), AD (n = 8), AHT (n = 8), and ADT (n = 8). The exercise protocol consisted of eight weeks of HIIT (three sessions per week) performed at 90–95% of maximal speed. Following cardiac tissue extraction, we assessed the levels of IGF-1, PI3K, and AKT proteins using Western blot technique, and analyzed the histopathological variations of the heart tissue using H&E, Sudan Black, and Masson’s trichrome tissue staining. The histological findings from our study demonstrated that T2DM had a significant impact on the development of pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis in the heart tissue of elderly individuals. However, HIIT not only effectively controlled pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis, but also induced physiological hypertrophy in the AHT and ADT groups compared to the HA and AD groups. Results from Sudan Black staining indicated that there was an increase in lipid droplet accumulation in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and their nuclei in the HA and AD groups, while the accumulation of lipid droplets decreased significantly in the AHT and ADT groups. In both the AHT group and the ADT group, a single HIIT session led to a reduction in collagen fiber accumulation and fibrotic frameworks. Our research also revealed that diabetes caused a significant elevation in the levels of IGF-1, PI3K, and AKT proteins, but after eight weeks of HIIT, the levels of these proteins decreased significantly in the training groups. Overall, our findings suggest that HIIT may be a suitable non-pharmacological approach for improving histological and physiological changes in elderly individuals with T2DM. However, we recommend further research to examine the impact of HIIT training on both healthy and diseased elderly populations.

HIIT serves as an efficient training strategy for basketball players by improving blood fluidity and decreasing oxidative stress.

A challenge for coaches and athletes is to find the best combination of exercises during training. Considering its favorable effects, HIIT has been very popular recently. The goal of this study was to investigate anthropometric features, performance, erythrocyte deformability, plasma viscosity (PV) and oxidative stress in response to acute and long-term (6 weeks) HIIT in adolescent basketball players. 22 sportsmen between the ages of 14-16 were included. Tabata protocol was applied to the HIIT group in addition to their routine training program 3 days/week, for 6 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability was determined using an ectacytometer (LORCA), PV with a rotational viscometer. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured by kits. HIIT for 6 weeks induced an improvement in performance tests and waist circumference. 6 weeks of HIIT resulted in a decrement, while the last exercise session yielded an increment in RBC deformability. PV and TOS of HIIT groups were decreased on the 6th week. Our results demonstrate that, HIIT in addition to the routine exercise program is beneficial for improving performance and blood fluidity as well as decreasing oxidative stress in basketball players. Therefore, HIIT seems as an efficient training strategy for highly-trained individuals.

Psychological and Physiological Responses across Six Weeks of HIIT and MICT in Previously Inactive Young Adults

Psychological and Physiological Responses across Six Weeks of HIIT and MICT in Previously Inactive Young Adults

High-intensity interval training versus hatha yoga for postmenopausal females on obesity, sarcopenia, dynapenia, lower limb alignment: study protocol for RCT

IntroductionMenopause is a challenging stage of a woman’s life, with increased occurrences of musculoskeletal issues and obesity that need to be tackled early and effectively. Less is known about the effect of HIIT & hatha yoga on musculoskeletal parameters in post-menopausal females. Both exercise approaches differ and are comparable in many ways. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine and compare the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT and yoga training protocols in postmenopausal females with central adiposity, sarcopenia, dynapenia, and knee alignment. The present research article presents a study protocol comparing yoga and HIIT protocols prescribed for postmenopausal females.MethodsThis is an open-label, randomised, parallel-armed, assessor-blinded clinical trial that will be conducted on 160 postmenopausal females between 46 and 70 years randomly assigned to either the HIIT or yoga group. The intervention will be in the form of group therapy for 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The outcomes include sarcopenia by lean muscle mass using a bioelectric impedance analyser, a radiological measure of the Hip-Knee-Ankle angle, and the perceived stress scale and 36-item short form questionnaires assessed twice (pre & post). The outcomes, including gait speed, hand grip strength, waist circumference, and body mass index, will be assessed at pre, post-4th week, post-8th week, and post-12th week.DiscussionThe study outcomes will provide confirmatory evidence on the effects of Hatha yoga and HIIT exercise training protocols in managing menopausal weight gain, musculoskeletal issues (sarcopenia and knee malalignment), physical and functional capacity, as well as mental health in postmenopausal females.

The effect of 12 weeks of HIIT and curcumin consumption on oxidative indices in obese men with type-2 diabetes mellitus

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اینکه تمرین و مصرف گیاهان دارویی با خاصیت ضداکسایشی تأثیر بسزایی بر وضعیت ردوکس افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو دارد، بررسی اثر تعاملی تمرین تناوبی شدید و مصرف کورکومین در افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد. ازاین‌رو هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر دوازده هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید و مصرف کورکومین بر شاخص‌های اکسایشی در مردان چاق مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو بود.مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق نیمه‌تجربی دوسوکور که با طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انجام گرفت، 60 مرد مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو با چربی خون بالا (میانگین سن 05/2 ± 76/38 سال، قد 81/2 ± 53/169 سانتی‌متر، شاخص تودة بدنی 56/1 ± 09/31 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع) به‌طور تصادفی در چهار گروه تمرین تناوبی شدید، تمرین تناوبی شدید و مصرف کورکومین، کورکومین و کنترل قرار گرفتند. مداخلة تمرینـی سه جلسه در هفته (شامل 10 مرحله تمرین، هر مرحله شامل 30 ثانیه با شدت 80 - 85 درصد ضربان قلب ذخیره و90 ثانیه استراحت فعال با شدت50 - 55 درصد ضربان قلب ذخیره) و مصرف 2100 میلی‌گرم کورکومین سه نوبت در روز بـه مـدت دوازده هفتـه انجـام گرفت. نمونه‌گیری در دو مرحله، پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون به‌منظور سنجش غلظت پلاسمایی آنزیم پارااکسوناز-1، آنزیم سوپراکساید دسموتاز، آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و مالون دی آلدئید انجام گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌هــای شــاپیرو-ویلک، تحلیــل واریانــس یکراهه و کوواریانس دوراهه در سطح معناداری کمتر از 05/0 تحلیل شد.نتایج: نتایج نشان داد اثر تعاملی تمرین و مصرف کورکومین سبب افزایش معناداری پارااکسوناز-1 (014/0P=)، سوپراکساید دسموتاز (0001/0 P=)، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز (023/0P=) و کاهش معناداری مالون دی‌آلدئید (0001/0P=) شد. همچنین اثر تمرین به‌تنهایی به‌طور معناداری سطوح سرمی پارااکسوناز-1 (010/0P=)، سوپراکساید دسموتاز (002/0P=)، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز (015/0P=) را افزایش و مالون دی‌آلدئید (0001/0P=) را کاهش داد. با این حال، اثر کورکومین به‌تنهایی سبب تغییرات معنادار در سطوح سرمی آنزیم‌های پارااکسوناز-1 (053/0P=)، سوپراکساید دسموتاز (092/0P=)، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز (055/0 P=) و مالون دی‌آلدئید (079/0P=) نشد. بیشترین افزایش معناداری از پیش‌آزمون تا پس‌آزمون در پارااکسوناز-1 (26/19 درصد، 0001/0P=)، سوپراکساید دسموتاز (37/18 درصد، 011/0P=)، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز (20/17 درصد، 0001/0P=) و بیشترین کاهش معناداری در مالون دی‌آلدئید (47/24 درصد، 014/0P=) در گروه تمرین همراه با مصرف کورکومین مشاهده شد. بیشترین اندازة اثر بر پارااکسوناز-1 (86 درصد)، سوپراکساید دسموتاز (92 درصد)، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز (81 درصد) و مالون دی‌آلدئید (88 درصد) اثر تعاملی تمرین و کورکومین بود. نتیجه‌گیــری: نتایج نشان داد که اثر تمرین به‌تنهایی با تغییرات معنادار در سطوح سرمی آنزیم‌های ضداکسایشی و شاخص مالون دی‌آلدئید همراه است، ولی اثر کورکومین با ایجاد تغییرات معنادار همراه نبود. در نهایت یافتة اصلی پژوهش حاضر دلالت بر این دارد که اثر تعاملی تمرین و کورکومین در مقایسه با اثر هر کدام به‌تنهایی، برای بهبود فعالیت دستگاه ضداکسایشی و پراکسیدانی بدن مردان چاق مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو مناسب‌تر است.

Effect of 12 weeks of HIIT and Q10 supplementation on soleus muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in high-fat diet-induced obese rats

هدف: در مورد تأثیر توأم HIIT و Q10 بر دستکاری بیوژنز و عملکرد میتوکندری‌های عضلانی در شرایط چاقی اطلاعات اندکی موجود است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر توأم تمرین HIIT و مکمل Q10 بر محتوای میتوکندری و مقدار AMPK، NRF2، SIRT1 و Tfam عضله نعلی موش‌های صحرائی نر چاق بود.روش­‌ها: 48 موش صحرائی به ‌طور تصادفی به شش گروه لاغر، چاق مرجع، چاق کنترل، چاق+HIIT، چاق+Q10 و چاق توأم (HIIT+Q10) تقسیم­ شدند. چاقی با رژیم پرچرب القا شد و تمرین HIIT به مدت 12 هفته (پنج جلسه در هفته، هر جلسه شامل10 مرحله‌ فعالیت تناوبی چهار دقیقه­ای با شدت 90-85 درصد v VO2 peak) انجام شد و Q10 روزانه (نیم گرم در هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن) مصرف شد. داده‌ها با روش وسترن بلات و mitotracker اندازه‌گیری و با ANOVA مقایسه شدند. نتایج: محتوای میتوکندری (049/0=P) و مقدار پروتئین‌های NRF2(002/0=P)، SIRT-1(007/0=P) و Tfam(040/0=P) در گروه چاق کنترل به طور معنادار کمتر از گروه لاغر بود. محتوای میتوکندری و مقدار SIRT-1 در هر سه گروه چاق+ HIIT(001/0=P)، چاق+ Q10(001/0=P) و چاق توأم (001/0=P)، به طور معنا‌داری بیشتر از گروه چاق کنترل بود و حتی به سطوح بالاتر از گروه لاغر نیز (به جز محتوای میتوکندری گروه چاق+Q10) رسید (001/0=P). اما مقدار NRF2، فقط در گروه‌های چاق+ HIIT(033/0=P) و چاق توأم (038/0=P) به طور معنا‌داری بیشتر از گروه کنترل چاق بود. بااین‌حال، در هیچ یک از گروه‌های مداخله، مقدار Tfam تفاوت معنا‌داری با گروه کنترل چاق نداشت (05/0 نتیجه­ گیری: احتمالاً چاقی بیوژنز میتوکندری عضله نعلی را کاهش می‌دهد و یا اینکه حداقل سبب تخریب بیشتر میتوکندری‌های موجود می‌شود، اما تمرین HIIT و مکمل Q10 تا اندازه‌ای قابلیت جبران این کاهش را دارند که البته اثر HIIT تا حدی بیشتر است. بااین‌حال به دلیل کمبود شواهد و محدودیت‌ها هنوز نیاز به بررسی‌ باقی است.

Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on thyroid hormones in overweight/obese adolescent girls.

To investigate the effects of 12-week high-intensity- (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity-interval training (MIIT) on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) and insulin-resistance in overweight/obese adolescent girls. Twenty four adolescent girls (age 16.5±1.36yrs) were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) HIIT (2 blocks per session of 6-8 bouts of 30s runs at 100-110% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8), (2) MIIT (2 blocks per session of 6-8 bouts of 30s runs at 70-80% MAS, with 30s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8) and (3) control group (no exercise, n=8). Each training groups engaged in three sessions per week during three months. Anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as well as plasma TSH and T4 levels were assessed in all subjects before- and after-training. Following both training programs, body mass, body mass index Z-score, waist circumference and body fat decreased, while aerobic capacity increased. However, TSH and T4 concentrations decreased only after the HIIT (-30.47%, p<0.05, ES=1.42 and-12.86%, p<0.05, ES=1.18; respectively). The HOMA-IR decreased in both training groups (-26.25%, p<0.05, ES=1.87 for MIIT and-21.72%, p<0.05, ES=2.14 for HIIT). Twelve weeks of HIIT was effective in reducing circulating TSH and T4 levels, unlike MIIT, in overweight/obese adolescent girls. These findings indicated that the stimulation of pituitary-thyroid function is more sensitive to training intensity than training duration. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Effects of 2 Methods of Combined Training on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To analyze the effects of 2 combined training methods on the cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. A total of 76 adolescents (16.1 [1.1]y, n = 44 female) were randomized into groups of moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MICT + RT), high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HIIT + RT), or control. The training sessions were performed twice weekly for 12weeks. The outcomes evaluated included body fat percentage, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index, blood pressure, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and cardiometabolic risk Z score. The intervention groups presented a significant reduction in the cardiometabolic risk Z score after 12weeks of the combined exercise program. In relation to the cardiometabolic risk Z score between groups, the HIIT + RT group presented a significant intervention effect when compared with the control group (Cohen d = 0.23; P < .05). Significant intervention effects were found when comparing the MICT + RT and control groups for body fat percentage, high-density lipoprotein, and VO2peak. Between the HIIT + RT and control groups, significant intervention effects were found for body fat percentage, blood pressure, and VO2peak. There were not significant differences between the HIIT + RT and MICT + RT groups. Twelve weeks of HIIT + RT and MICT + RT were effective in significantly reducing the cardiometabolic risk in these adolescents.

Effect Of Aerobic Capacity, Ampk-pgc-1α Pathway In Skeletal Muscle For Detraining Of Different Training

PURPOSE: By observing HIIT group rats and MIT group rats’ changes in the timing and content of AMPK and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle, changes in aerobic capacity given the same load and training time and then stop the training. To provide a reasonable arrangement of retraining programs. METHODS: 27 4-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (N=9): control (Group C), MIT (Group M), HIIT (Group H). C do not exercise, H training at 50%-70%-90% VO2max intensity according to the VO2max test results, M training at 70% VO2max intensity. Both H and M were performed for 50min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks of training. Rats were randomly selected from 3 groups on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 10th day after the training was stopped. They were intraperitoneal injected by 5% chloral hydrate to get soleus muscle. Using western blot to analysis AMPK and PGC-1α. The results are expressed as mean±standard deviation. one-way ANOVA and non-parametric test are performed in accordance with the normal distribution. RESULTS: 1.The AMPK in the skeletal muscle in H was significantly higher than that in C (P<0.05). The trend of AMPK in M was similar to that in H. 2.The level of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle compared to C was significantly increased in H(P<0.05). The change trend of PGC-1α in M was similar to that in H. 3.The VO2max showes a downward trend. CONCLUSIONS: 1.After 6 weeks of HIIT or MIT, all indicators showed a downward trend. 2.HIIT is superior to MIT in improving and maintaining AMPK, and PGC-1α level ,but it is less effective in maintaining VO2max.

M189. A PILOT RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL TO ASSESS THE FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) AMONG INPATIENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS (SMI)

BackgroundHigh intensity interval training (HIIT) is a type of exercise involving alternating short bursts of high intensity exercise with recovery periods of rest or light exercise. HIIT has been shown to improve physical and mental health in healthy individuals and those with physical illnesses, such as cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. Initial work has shown that HIIT may have similar benefits in people experiencing mental illnesses. The primary aim for the trial is to investigate whether HIIT is acceptable and feasible amongst inpatients with severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia. The secondary aim is to investigate the impact of the HIIT intervention on potential outcome measures for a definitive multi-centre RCT, including mental health symptoms, cognition, psychiatric symptoms and cardio-metabolic risk factors.MethodsA randomised, non-blinded controlled design of HIIT compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in inpatients with SMI will be undertaken. The RCT will act as a feasibility trial and a pilot study. Up to forty 18-60-year olds with a diagnosis of SMI will be recruited and randomly allocated to either 12 weeks of HIIT or 12 weeks of TAU in a 1:1 ratio. Those in the HIIT group will take part in two one-to-one sessions of HIIT each week for 12 weeks on a stationary bike. Each session will comprise: a 4-minute warm-up, followed by 5X 60 second intervals with 85–95% of maximum heart rate (HRmax), with active pauses of 90 seconds cycling at approximately 60–70% of HRmax, followed by a 4-minute cool-down, although this will be adapted for those with lower fitness. In comparison, participants allocated to TAU will be provided with details of their local hospital gym availability and instructed to maintain their usual dietary habits. Acceptability and feasibility will be measured using multiple primary endpoints including the proportion of wards that agree to hosting the project, the proportion of people who consent to take part, adherence and attendance rates, and the proportion of participants who experience any adverse events. Multiple secondary endpoints will be assessed including, mental health markers (psychiatric symptoms, cognition, global functioning, sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress), self-esteem, cardiometabolic markers (BMI, weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), daily activity levels, and cigarette usage.ResultsPrimary endpoints will be reported post-trial completion and summarised by treatment arm over the course of the study. Secondary endpoints will be reported as pre-post intervention change, and overall group differences will be reported. For these secondary endpoints, a statistical analysis will be conducted based on the intention-to-treat sample. Additionally, a subgroup analysis will be conducted whereby we will measure secondary outcome effects in a sub-sample of participants with ‘high’ attendance (>64%).DiscussionFollowing the pilot study, if HIIT is considered to be feasible and acceptable amongst inpatients with SMI, including schizophrenia, a further large-scale multi-centre study can be developed and undertaken to assesses the effectiveness of HIIT in ameliorating mental and physical health parameters, and time to discharge, in this population group.

Effect of 8 weeks of HIIT on hepatic enzyme levels, lipid profile and body composition in overweight young men

AimsObesity and overweight are one of the main causes of some serious health problems such as hepatic disease. Among none-drugs approach for overweight management, physical exercise is in the first line. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training on the levels of enzymes involved in liver injury, lipid profile and body composition in overweight young men. MethodsIn this study, 18 inactive 20–30 years old with a BMI of 25–30 kg/m2 were selected using convenience sampling and then randomly divided into two groups of HIIT (n = 10) and control group (N = 8). The experimental group performed the exercise protocol three times a week for eight weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 h before the first and 48 h after the last training session to measure liver enzymes and lipid profile. Paired and independent t-tests were used to compare intra- and inter-group changes, respectively. ResultsBased on the results of the present study, eight weeks of HIIT training significantly decreased AST, TG, BMI, PBF, WHR values (p < 0/05) and a significant difference was observed in ALT, TG, AST and WHR values between the two groups (p < 0/05). ConclusionHIIT exercise could be an effective training method for improving liver enzymes and reducing body fat in obese young men.

Effect of high intensity interval training along with Oligopin supplementation on some inflammatory indices and liver enzymes in obese male Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training with and without Oligopin supplementation on some inflammatory indices and liver enzymes in obese male Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: 36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups including normal diet sedentary (ND-SED), high-fat diet sedentary (HFD-SED), high-fat diet & high-intensity interval training (HFD-HIIT), high-fat diet & Oligopin (HFD-O), high-fat diet & high-intensity interval training & Oligopin (HFD-HIIT + O). Firstly, in order to induce fatty liver, high-fat food was used for 12 weeks. ResultsEight weeks of HIIT led to a significant decrease of interlucin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma levels and a significant increase of VO2max. Besides, eight-week administration of supplementary Oligopin resulted in a significant decrease of AST and alanine transaminase (ALT) while no significant change was seen in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, HIIT with an administration of Oligopin supplementation led to a greater decrease in AST, ALT, IL-6, TNF-α. ConclusionsThis study suggests that HIIT and Oligopin result in improving NAFLD disease caused by HFD. However, HIIT and Oligopin supplementation are the most effective if combined.

Effect of six-weeks high intensity interval training under simulated microgravity condition on morphology of radial nerve myelin sheet in male rats

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of six weeks of HIIT under simulated microgravity conditions on morphological changes of radial nerve myelin sheath in male rats. In the present study, 24 male wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups including: TS (training during suspension: n=6), CS (suspension: n=6), T (training: n=6), C (control: n=6). The training groups run on treadmill for six weeks (five days a week). 24 hours after the last training session, animals were prepared for tissue samples. At the end of the experiment, changes in myelin sheath were measured by Luxol fast blue. obtaining results showed that the percentage of changes in myelin sheath in HIIT group under simulated microgravity (p≤0.001) was higher than other groups, significantly (30/27+5/27). Based on the results, HIIT under simulated microgravity conditions affected on changes in myelin sheath. Therefore, it can play an effective role in the improvement of clinical status of neurological patients and decrease side effects in Astronauts.

High Intensity Interval or Moderate Continuous Training in Health Indicators of Adolescents with Central Obesity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of HIIT and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on health indicators from adolescents with central obese. METHODS: This is a randomized clinical trial, with three evaluations: baseline, after 8 and after 16 weeks. The sample was composed by 42 participants, randomized in two groups: HIIT (n = 22) and a MICT (n = 20). After 16 weeks of training (3 sessions/week), 34 adolescents finished the program (HIIT, n = 21; MICT, n = 13). The HIIT group performed different models of interval training, progressively organized, and the MICT trained in a fixed intensity from 60 to 80% of HRmax. Anthropometrical data ([BMI, Waist Circumference [WC], Height Waist Ratio [HWR], Body Fat Percentage [%BF]), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and metabolic profile (fasting blood glucose [FBG], high density lipoproteins [HDL-C], low density lipoproteins [LDL-C], total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides [TG]) were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixteen weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant reductions in BMI (HIIT = -4.5% [ES = -0.26] vs MICT = -3.9% [ES = -0,24]), WC (HIIT = -6.9% [ES = -0.64] vs MICT = -6.6% [ES = -0.61]), HWR (HIIT = -10.5% [ES = -1.00] vs MICT = -5.2% [ES = -0.50]), %BF (HIIT = -14.3% [ES = -0.59] vs MICT = -9.8% [ES = -0.40]), FBG (HIIT = -6.1% [ES = -0.65] vs MICT = -11.1% [ES = -0.89]) and non HDL cholesterol (HIIT = -14.5% [ES = -0.44] vs MICT = -11.0% [ES = -0.37]), and increased CRF (HIIT = 13.0% [ES = 1.77] vs MICT = 10.3% [ES = 0.76]). Only HIIT improved diastolic blood pressure (-17.0%, ES=-0.87), LDL-C (-13.3%, ES=-0.34) and total cholesterol (-11.9%, ES = -0.47), but only MICT changed positively TG (-23.4%, ES = -0.44). No changes were observed for systolic blood pressure and HDL-C. No differences were found in all variables between groups. Relating to inadequacy cases, both groups changed TG (HIIT = 20 to 11, MICT 13 to 6), but only HIIT decreased the number of adolescents in inadequacy from CRF and blood pressure (from 14 to 3). CONCLUSIONS: 16 weeks of HIIT or MICT positively impact anthropometrical variables, metabolic profile and CRF in obese adolescents.

Can High Intensity Interval Training Effect Division I College 800/1500m Runner’s Performance

HITT is a common training method incorporated for all fitness levels and been shown to improve athlete performance. However, these results were shown in sedentary and recreationally active populations and little research has been done with the Division I collegiate athlete population. PURPOSE: This study questioned whether HIIT could increase performance within this level of athletes, specifically middle distance runners (800/1500 m). METHODS: A total of six Division I Collegiate level (800/1500 m) runners completed the study (three males, three female). The participant completed four weeks of HIIT, consisting on two HIIT workouts per week. The HIIT consisted of four 20-s Wingate tests with 4-min recovery between each. Both pre- and post- performance tests were completed, consisting of a run to volitional exhaustion, RPE, HR, which were collected on a treadmill. Stride length and stride frequency, were also measure during a 1500 m time trial on the track. RESULTS: Significant differences were not found for performance pre- and post- training intervention, with respect to time to completion of the 1500 m time trial (pre-intervention: 5.0 ± 0.7 min; post-intervention: 4.8 ± 0.5 min; p = 0.23), and time to volitional exhaustion (pre-intervention: 20.1 ± 1.2 min; post-intervention: 19.7 ± 1.3 min; p = 0.14). RPE (p = 0.64), HR (p = 0.09), stride length (p = 0.09), and stride frequency (p = 0.78), showed no significant changes pre- and post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: HIIT did not impact 800/1500 m middle distance runner’s performance, suggesting it can maintain performance, providing alternative training methods.

High- or moderate-intensity training promotes change in cardiorespiratory fitness, but not visceral fat, in obese men: A randomised trial of equal energy expenditure exercise

This study compared the effects of two exercise programs performed in different intensities, but equal overall energy expenditure (EE). Adult men with obesity (29.6 ± 4.9 years; BMI = 35.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2) were randomised to one of three groups: High-intensity interval training (HIIT- 10 × 1:1 min 100% VO2max; n = 13); Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT - ˜35 min 65% VO2max; n = 13) or Control (no training; n = 6). The session EE (HIIT = 278.0 ± 37.1; MICT = 299.4 ± 17.8 kcal) was calculated by adding the aerobic contribution (VO2 of the session minus VO2 at rest) and anaerobic (difference between the VO2 estimated and VO2 measured in session). The anaerobic contribution in HIIT was 30%, showing that a substantial portion of the energy for 10 x 1 min HIIT comes from non-oxidative metabolism. VO2max improved in both trained groups (p = 0.006), while systolic blood pressure decreased (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure was not altered. Visceral and subcutaneous fat stores did not change after the intervention, indicating a longer intervention may be necessary for changes in adiposity. Six weeks of HIIT or MICT were effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and blood pressure in previously inactive obese men.

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training with Flaxseed on Interleukin-1 Beta and Lipocalin-2 Gene Expressions in the Heart Tissue of Rats

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) are important inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of high intensity interval exercises (HIIT) with flaxseed oil consumption on IL-1β and LCN-2 gene expressions in the heart tissue of rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 adult male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups of five rats: (1) Control, (2) HIIT, (3) 20 mg/kg of flaxseed oil, and (4) HIIT with mg/kg 20 flaxseed oil. Groups 2 and 4 ran on a treadmill for 10 weeks and five weeks each, with 90% to 95% intensity of VO2max. For analysis of the research findings, Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical analysis and two-way ANOVA were used (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Ten weeks of HIIT (P = 0.001) and flaxseed oil consumption (P = 0.03) had a significant effect on reducing the LCN-2 gene expression in the heart tissue of rats. However, 10 weeks of HIIT (P = 0.19) and flaxseed oil consumption (P = 0.19) had no significant effect on IL-1β gene expression in the heart tissue of rats. In addition, 10 weeks of HIIT with flaxseed oil has no interactive effects on IL-1β (P = 0.91) and LCN-2 (P = 0.99) in the heart tissue of rats. Conclusions: Although it seems that the simultaneous use of flaxseed oil with HIIT does not have interactive effects on IL-1β and LCN-2 gene expressions in the heart tissue of rats, the use of flaxseed oil and HIIT alone results in improved LCN-2 gene expression in the heart tissue of rats.