Company Web Pages Research Articles

Biosimilars Have Arrived: Rituximab.

A biosimilar is a biologic product that is highly similar to a licensed biologic (“originator”) such that there are no clinically meaningful differences in safety, purity, or potency between the biosimilar and the originator. As patent protection and data exclusivity for the biologic rituximab expire, several potential biosimilars to rituximab are in development, which could soon lead to the availability of numerous rituximab biosimilars. Biosimilars are evaluated using thorough and rigorous analyses of the potential biosimilar versus the originator biological to confirm similar structure, function, and clinical efficacy as well as safety. Approval of a biosimilar is based upon the totality of the evidence demonstrating similarity to the originator. An understanding of the process of the interchangeable designation of a biosimilar is important in the context of patient outcomes. We conducted an analysis of the properties and benefits of rituximab in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, the development and approval of biosimilars, and the potential benefits of rituximab biosimilars. PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for “biosimilar” and “rituximab” and regulatory and pharmaceutical company web pages were screened regarding biosimilars in development and specific guidelines developed for the approval of biosimilars. The results indicate that, at present, six rituximab biosimilar candidates are undergoing comparative clinical development, and two were recently approved in the European Union. Our analysis indicates rituximab biosimilars are expected to have a continuing role in treating inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Tecnologías de información y comunicación para el turismo inclusivo

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar las tecnologías de información y comunicación que tienen potencial para permitir la inclusión de personas con discapacidad como clientes de los destinos turísticos. Las tecnologías fueron identificadas a través de la búsqueda de información en bases de datos académicas y páginas web de empresas proveedoras de tecnologías de información para personas en estado de discapacidad, indicando cómo pueden ser usadas en las actividades de la cadena de valor turística. Se encontró que las tecnologías usadas en los campos de entretenimiento, educación, salud y artefactos diseñados para facilitar la vida de personas con discapacidad, pueden ser utilizados en la industria turística, asistiéndolos en funciones mentales, sensoriales, de voz y habla, neuromusculoesqueléticas y de movimiento

Samo na informativnoj razini

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), a trend that is increasingly being manifested as a global movement towards active contribution of private sector in favour of more sustainable and ethical society, has only partially been recognised in Croatia as a source of competitive advantage for a company. In general, being fundamentally democratic in its nature, CSR is based on a dialogue with a whole range of stakeholders, who, thanks to developed technology, seek information and opportunity to engage in a dialogue on web pages of companies they are interested in. Do companies in Croatia which are recognised as socially responsible by the mere fact that they have been awarded the national awards as CSR leaders by the Croatian Chamber of Economy, which makes a sample of nine companies of different sizes, indeed use this easily accessible and unavoidable channel to communicate with their external stakeholders, and how they do it is a subject that would need to be further investigated. This research paves the way by analysing the allegedly most successful among them with methods of content analysis, comparison, interview and experiment.Four hypotheses have been constructed based on four research questions about the level of usage of web pages, the tools used to communicate with stakholders, usage of dialogic potential of web pages and use of social networks, all in function of CSR. The fourth hypothesis according to which they insuffi ciently use social networks for the same purpose was also confirmed. In addition the experiment has shown unwillingness of companies to engage in a dialogue with external stakeholder of high interest and low power to affect the company. The research has shown only informative use of web pages and absence of using their dialogue potential which somehow then raises a question of validity ofembedment of CSR principles in the company practice and points to a big area of improvement. The authors propose a set of recommendations to improve company web pages to use their full potential for CSR engagement.

Evaluating Saudi Corporate Companies Online Recruitment

<em>Organisations are already using their corporate website to advertise jobs and receive resumes online. However the matter of question is how efficient is the web features and e-recruitment process? This research evaluates job opportunities advertised at Top Ten Saudi companies listed in February 2016. Factors evaluated on company webpage are: Navigation (career link), Job advertised (updated and information), nationality and gender focus for advertised job, information about company values on career page, process for filling application. These criteria were evaluated as they are the key determinant factors to identify efficiency and functionality of a webpage. Furthermore, it will assist to understand trend for pooling applicants in Saudi context. Based on concise review of online recruitment practices, it was possible to suggest ways on empowering and usability of e-recruitment method for Saudi companies.</em>

Biosimilars: Practical Considerations for Pharmacists.

To review the scientific and regulatory aspects of biosimilar development and practical considerations for the use of biosimilars that are relevant to pharmacists. Literature searches of PubMed and congress abstracts for publications pertaining to biosimilars were conducted from January 2016 to January 2017. Individual drug company web pages and governmental, regulatory, and other agency websites were also reviewed. Published articles, regulatory guidelines, and other sources covering biologic/biosimilar development and approval, reporting results of biosimilar studies or survey research, and/or identifying biosimilars in development or approved for use in Europe or the United States were reviewed and included. Biologic therapies have revolutionized the treatment of serious diseases, including hematological or autoimmune disorders and cancers. A biosimilar is highly similar to a licensed biologic (ie, reference or originator) and has no clinically meaningful differences in safety, purity, and potency. Unlike small-molecule drugs, biologics are large, complex proteins that cannot be exactly replicated, so the concept of a generic equivalent cannot be applied to biologics. Regulatory agencies have provided a framework for biosimilar approval, but there are many practical considerations for pharmacists, including interchangeability, substitution, naming, indication extrapolation, product labeling, therapeutic drug monitoring, manufacturer attributes, logistics of product use, and reimbursement. Pharmacists will play a key role in managing the introduction of biosimilars into health care systems. Understanding the principles of biosimilar development and evolving regulatory guidelines relevant to their use will allow pharmacists to make informed decisions regarding formulary inclusion and educate patients and other health care providers about biosimilars.

The changing geography and organisation of multinational agribusiness

We review several strands of literature, foreign direct investment (FDI) statistics and web pages of companies in order to understand current changes in the geography and organisation of multinational agribusiness. FDI in agriculture has soared, and multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies have become major international players, coinciding with the divestment from land of many Western-based MNEs. Much of land-related foreign investment in this sector consists of South-South investment. The liberalisation of land markets has been instrumental in facilitating the rapid expansion of foreign land deals. Paradoxically, corruption and anti-democratic practices have also favoured the swift expansion of foreign investment in agriculture. Agri-food MNEs based in the West have tended to divest from land and adopt new forms of international investment; this has helped them to stay in business in the face of adverse environments. Most agri-food MNEs from emerging economies have expanded, in contrast, through traditional FDI or foreign land leasing. However, several of these companies are implementing networked forms of production organisation, and this strategy is contributing to their rapid internationalisation. Academic and policy implications are discussed.

The changing geography and organisation of multinational agribusiness

We review several strands of literature, foreign direct investment (FDI) statistics and web pages of companies in order to understand current changes in the geography and organisation of multinational agribusiness. FDI in agriculture has soared, and multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies have become major international players, coinciding with the divestment from land of many Western-based MNEs. Much of land-related foreign investment in this sector consists of South-South investment. The liberalisation of land markets has been instrumental in facilitating the rapid expansion of foreign land deals. Paradoxically, corruption and anti-democratic practices have also favoured the swift expansion of foreign investment in agriculture. Agri-food MNEs based in the West have tended to divest from land and adopt new forms of international investment; this has helped them to stay in business in the face of adverse environments. Most agri-food MNEs from emerging economies have expanded, in contrast, through traditional FDI or foreign land leasing. However, several of these companies are implementing networked forms of production organisation, and this strategy is contributing to their rapid internationalisation. Academic and policy implications are discussed.

A case study on practical approaches to adopting digital marketing strategy

This report describes the digital marketing strategy of SM editors (Company), which is an upcoming online enterprise offering manuscript/document editing and proofreading service to a wider global audience but specifically to non-native and/or non-English speakers. The Company being an online enterprise has decided to use digital marketing approach to enhance its business and in the process build an international reputation and brand. The initial phase of this digital marketing approach involves developing a company webpage which provides precise details of the company’s vision which is to offer editing service aimed at changing the format of scientific publications to crisp, comprehensive and clear. In addition to this vision statement the website will provide details of the services offered and an email based access to these services. Mixed marketing campaigns are planned to increase the online presence of the company and to drive its website traffic which will enhance manuscript submission and hence the business. A SWOT analysis is performed to identify the current level of business and to take necessary actions to improve upon it. Based on this analysis it was identified that the targeted potential client’s online presence and the use of proposed e-tools such as LinkedIn and Twitter will help the company to efficiently reach, connect and engage (posting quality content and interactions) with potential clients. Additionally Email marketing is identified as an essential and personalized approach for business development and to maintain long-term client relations. Approaches to knowing the targeted clients personas, the digital marketing strategy to drive traffic to the website is outlined. The plan also overviews setting up digital marketing campaign plan with steps such as goal, e-tools, strategy for selected e-tools and approaches to implementation. The success and cost effectiveness of the digital marketing campaign will be measured through analytics tool in addition to analyzing results for client satisfaction on a progressive basis.

Reading for Reliability: Preservice Teachers Evaluate Web Sources About Climate Change

AbstractThis study examined what happened when 65 undergraduate prospective secondary level teachers across content areas evaluated the reliability of four online sources about climate change: an oil company webpage, a news report, and two climate change organizations with competing views on climate change. The students evaluated the sources at three time intervals based on 1. a screenshot of each source; 2. full web access to each source and prompted with critical questions to answer; and 3. after a whole class discussion about each source. Having the opportunity to evaluate the sources three times led students to modify their reliability ratings. Findings also reveal challenges some participants had differentiating between facts and opinions as well as distinctions in what they determined to be evidence in a source.

Generating Digital Reputation Index: A Case Study

Digital world is transforming wares to soft-wares, business to e-business, brick and mortar companies to online companies. With its exponentially increasing nature the transformation is continuing. One crucial value of any company, which is interrelated with all the sub divisions and operations of the company, can be considered as its reputation. This paper mainly discusses the quantitative face of reputation from the social capital perspective and its transformation by the increasing and irrepressible power of technology. We attempt to answer the question “how to represent the digital reputation of the companies in a digital world?” under the effect of transformation from web 1.0 to web 3.0. As a solution we propose a quantitative methodology for aggregating digital quantities collected from social network sites, company web pages, blogs and wikis and we propose a formulation and indexing method, built on different dimensions of digital world and by the way, the companies can be ranked respectively. As a case study, we focus on the stock market companies in Turkey and their digital reputation and we output a digital reputation index but more importantly we discuss the methodology of creating a digital index for the reputation of companies. Finally we conduct diagnostics on the output index to assess its degree of validity. We believe the research will be a guidance for the research studies in the digital reputation index, since it is one of the first index creation methodology on digital reputation studies and data source has a great variety, volume and velocity as the big data.

Pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes: injectable medications.

To review the oral and injectable pharmacologic treatment options for type 2 diabetes. A literature search was conducted using PubMed electronic database for studies published in English between 1993 and September 2014. Search terms included diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, and the individual name for each antidiabetic medication reviewed. In addition, manual searches were performed for cross-references from publications. Package inserts, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web site, Institute for Safe Medication Practices Web site, American Diabetes Association Web site and scientific session poster presentations, and individual drug company Web pages were also reviewed. This review focused on information elucidated over the past 10 years to assist prescribers in choosing optimal therapy based on individual patient characteristics. Studies leading to the approval of or raising safety concerns for the antidiabetic medications reviewed in this article were included. In the past 10 years, there have been 4 novel oral antidiabetic medication classes and 10 new injectable agents and insulin products approved by the FDA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as well as new information regarding the safety and use of several older antidiabetic medication classes. The distinctions were reviewed for each individual agent, and a comparison was completed if there was more than one agent in a particular therapeutic class. Using current information available, select investigational agents in phase III trials or with a pending new drug application were highlighted. There are now 9 distinct oral pharmacologic classes and a variety of insulin and noninsulin injectable medications available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metformin remains the first-line treatment option for most patients. When considering options for alternative or additional treatment, prescribers must weigh the benefits and risks using individual patient characteristics.

Pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes: oral medications.

To review the oral and injectable pharmacologic treatment options for type 2 diabetes. A literature search was conducted using PubMed electronic database for studies published in English between 1993 and September 2014. Search terms included diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, and the individual name for each antidiabetic medication reviewed. In addition, manual searches were performed for cross-references from publications. Package inserts, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web site, Institute for Safe Medication Practices Web site, American Diabetes Association Web site and scientific session poster presentations, and individual drug company Web pages were also reviewed. This review focused on information elucidated over the past 10 years to assist prescribers in choosing optimal therapy based on individual patient characteristics. Studies leading to the approval of or raising safety concerns for the antidiabetic medications reviewed in this article were included. In the past 10 years, there have been 4 novel oral antidiabetic medication classes and 9 new injectable agents and insulin products approved by the FDA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as well as new information regarding the safety and use of several older antidiabetic medication classes. The distinctions were reviewed for each individual agent, and a comparison was completed if there was more than one agent in a particular therapeutic class. Using current information available, select investigational agents in phase III trials or those with a pending new drug application were highlighted. There are now 9 distinct oral pharmacologic classes and a variety of insulin and noninsulin injectable medications available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metformin remains the first-line treatment option for most patients. When considering options for alternative or additional treatment, prescribers must weigh the benefits and risks using individual patient characteristics.

Informacijos apie įmonės socialinę atsakomybę pateikimas finansinėse ataskaitose: nauda ir galimybės

One of this time distinguishing features - business and government organizations assume a greater social responsibility. Businesses and public organizations leaders have identified, that an understanding of social responsibility and social activity opens up a favourable business prospects, increase competitive advantage and, ultimately, ensures greater prestige and profits for the company. However, up to now, the concept of social responsibility is not an unambiguous assessment - this is determined by the different treatment in organizations goals.
 The social responsibility measures provide multiple benefits for the organization, i.e. a more efficient use of resources, innovative abilities, a better public image, an increased motivation of employees and hence productivity, fewer disputes and strikes, easier to attract the best professionals in lower costs of the search, a lower turnover of employees, a higher acceptance of consumers. All this increases the competitive advantage of organization in the market.
 In order to gain a competitive advantage for social responsibility initiatives, management of organization should provide the appropriate information about the company's activities in the field of social responsibility. The information could be provided not only in the public space (such as company web page), but also in the company‘s explanatory notes and (or) in the annual notification. In order to avoid the information chaos, it should be structured according to the following social responsibility assessment areas: 1) environment, 2) human resources, 3) social activities, 4) product development.

Strategic Competition of Internet Interfaces for XU30 Quoted Companies

 Abstract—Internet is causing paradigm shifts on almost every aspects of the life. One major paradigm shift also occurs on the strategic competition field. The new strategic competition is studied based on Porter's value chain analysis and Internet can be considered as a technological improvement on the information and communication technology, which can also be considered as an interface between companies and the environment. The company/environment interface is directly related to the strategic competition and Porter's five forces. By the new paradigm of information and communication, companies should pay a great attention on their Internet based reputation built on the Internet based interfaces. For example, a company with millions of shares on the social media has an obvious advantage over a company on the same sector without any web page. In this study, the companies are criticized by their Internet interfaces, which are social media interfaces such as Facebook or Twitter and company web pages and blogs measuring hate-marks and love-marks of the companies and Web 2.0 sources such as wikis. After collecting statistical information about these Internet interfaces of each company on Internet interfaces, the companies are indexed based on their Internet interface utilization. Furthermore a new model of competition based on Porter's value chain analysis is built and applied for the Internet interfaces.

Investigating websites' e-CRM features in building customer relationships: evidence from Greece

In this study the 500 largest Greek companies are examined concerning their websites as marketing communication channels. Features of the websites are analysed and the most important features are categorised. Companies’ characteristics are analysed and connected to the business activities of the firms. Simultaneously, the companies are segmented using a two-step cluster analysis and, hence, the profiles of the clusters are presented. The findings indicate that Greek firms do not adopt advanced e-CRM features as a means to obtain feedback. Only a minority of firms surveyed have exploited the web as a marketing communication tool. Further, a field research was conducted addressed to the marketing managers of the largest 500 companies in Greece. The survey showed that the advanced e-CRM features are found to be related to the communication and advertisement goals of a company’s website. Moreover, those advanced features are related to the e-commerce web applications and information quality of the company’s webpage. Finally, some e-CRM strategy features and pursued characteristics of a company webpage, according to the marketing managers of the firms, are identified and presented.

Nutritional Value of Meals at Full-service Restaurant Chains

To assess the nutritional value of meals at full-service national restaurant chains with outlets in the Philadelphia region in 2011. Chains were eligible if nutritional information for all menu items was on company Web pages or printed menus at Philadelphia outlets. Nutrient profiles were analyzed for 2,615 items from 21 eligible chains (out of 29) and compared with United States Department of Agriculture guidelines. Adult meals (entree, side dish, and one-half appetizer) approximated 1,495 kcal, 28 g saturated fat, 3,512 mg sodium, and 11 g fiber; and rose to 2,020 kcal after including a beverage and one-half dessert. Better calorie and fat profiles were observed for entrees tagged "healthy choice" or aimed at seniors or children; however, sodium far exceeded recommended limits. Foods served at full-service restaurant chains are high in calories, saturated fat, and sodium. Standard definitions are needed for "healthy choice" tags and for entrees targeted to vulnerable age groups.

Prevalence of sustainability reporting practices of listed companies on established and emerging stock exchanges

The business sector has a substantial role in addressing current environmental issues and concerns. Consequently, there is a growing adoption of corporate sustainability principles and practices across all market sectors. This study examined four developed and four emerging stock markets and the sustainability reporting practices of the top 20 and bottom 20 companies in each. The results illustrate that the developed market sector was more advanced in its corporate sustainability reporting, both in the proportion of companies issuing a sustainability report (approximately 60 per cent) and the proportion of company webpages dedicated to sustainability reporting. This difference was largely due to the effect of the top 20 companies. There was little difference between developed and developing markets when only the bottom 20 companies were considered, of which less than one-third provided sustainability reports. These results show that sustainability reporting is prevalent in both developed and developing markets, especially among market leading companies, but that overall, most developing markets have some catching up to do.

Why Are Job Seekers Attracted by Corporate Social Performance? Experimental and Field Tests of Three Signal-Based Mechanisms

Research on employee recruitment has shown that an organization's corporate social performance (CSP) affects its attractiveness as an employer, but the underlying mechanisms and processes through which this occurs are poorly understood. We propose that job seekers receive signals from CSP that inform three signal-based mechanisms that ultimately affect organizational attractiveness: job seekers' anticipated pride from being affiliated with the organization, their perceived value fit with the organization, and their expectations about how the organization treats its employees. We hypothesized that these signal-based mechanisms mediate the relationships between CSP and organizational attractiveness, focusing on two aspects of CSP: an organization's community involvement and pro-environmental practices. In an experiment (n = 180), we manipulated CSP via a company's web pages. In a field study (n = 171), we measured CSP content in the recruitment materials used by organizations at a job fair and job seekers' perceptions of the organizations' CSP. Results provided support for the signal-based mechanisms, and we discuss the implications for theory, future research, and practice.

Fast algorithms for finding a minimum repetition representation of strings and trees

A string with many repetitions can be represented compactly by replacing h-fold contiguous repetitions of a string r with (r)h. We present a compact representation, which we call a repetition representation (of a string) or RRS, by which a set of disjoint or nested tandem arrays can be compacted. In this paper, we study the problem of finding a minimum RRS or MRRS, where the size of an RRS is defined by the sum of the length of component letters and the description length of the component repetitions (⋅)h which is defined by wR(h) using a repetition weight function wR. We develop two dynamic programming-based algorithms to solve this problem: CMR, which works for any type of wR, and CMR-C, which is faster but can be applied to a constant wR only. CMR-C is an O(n2logn)-time O(nlogn)-space algorithm, which is more efficient in both time and space than CMR by a ((logn)/n)-factor, where n is the length of the given string. The problem of finding an MRRS for a string can be extended to that of finding a minimum repetition representation (of a tree) or MRRT for a given labeled ordered tree. For this problem, we present two algorithms, CMRT and CMRT-C, by using CMR and CMR-C, respectively, as a subroutine. As well as the theoretical analysis, we confirmed the efficiency of the proposed algorithms by experiments, which consist of the following three parts: First we demonstrated that CMR-C and CMRT-C are fast enough for large-scale data by using synthetic strings and trees, respectively. The size of an MRRS for a given string can be a measure of how compactly the string can be represented, meaning how well the string is structurally organized. This is also true of trees. To check such ability of MRRS-size, second we measured the size of an MRRS for chromosomes of nine different species. We found that all the chromosomes of the same species have a similar compression rate when realized by an MRRS. Run length encoding (RLE) was also shown to have species-specific compression rate, but species were separated more clearly by MRRS than by RLE. Third we examined the size of an MRRT for web pages of world-leading companies by using the tag trees, showing a consistency between the compression rate by an MRRT and visual web page structures.

Location matters, especially for non-salient features–An eye-tracking study on the effects of web object placement on different types of websites

Users have clear expectations of where web objects are located on a web page. Studies conducted with manipulated, fictitious websites showed that web objects placed according to user expectations are found faster and remembered more easily. Whether this is also true for existing websites has not yet been examined. The present study investigates the relation between location typicality and efficiency in finding target web objects in online shops, online newspapers, and company web pages. Forty participants attended a within-subject eye-tracking experiment. Typical web object placement led to fewer fixations and participants found target web objects faster. However, some web objects were less sensitive to location typicality, if they were more visually salient and conformed to user expectations in appearance. Placing web objects at expected locations and designing their appearance according to user expectations facilitates orientation, which is beneficial for first impressions and the overall user experience of websites.