With the increase in train speed and axle weight, the quality and service life of the rail (U71Mn steel) are more demanding. Aiming at the excellent properties of nickel/nickel-based alloys and ceramic materials, this paper prepares TiC/Ni45 composite coatings for rail repair by in-situ synthesis of ceramic phases using laser cladding technology. The effects of in-situ synthesized TiC on the physical phase, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance were investigated and discussed in detail. The results show that the reaction of in-situ synthesized TiC can proceed positively, and the microstructure of the cladding layer mainly consists of the segregation of Cr, TiC particles, and substrate phase. With the increase of nickel-coated graphite and titanium powder, the average microhardness value of the cladding layer increased, and the average friction coefficient and wear volume decreased. When the mass fraction of (Ti + C) reaches 15 wt%, the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer reaches the minimum value. When the mass fraction reaches 20 wt%, the average microhardness of the cladding layer reaches 2.65 times that of the substrate, and the wear mechanism is transformed from mainly adhesive wear to abrasive, oxidative, and fatigue wear.