Weak Texture Research Articles

Microstructure characterization and solid welding mechanism of TiB2/6061Al composite profile fabricated by porthole die extrusion

The TiB2/6061Al composite profile with sound welding quality and good mechanical properties was fabricated by porthole die extrusion. The effects of TiB2 particles on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were investigated, and the welding mechanism was clarified. The results indicated that the weld seam in both 6061Al and TiB2/6061Al profiles disappeared as porthole die extrusion progressed. TiB2 particles refined the grain structure by promoting the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization through particle stimulated mechanism (PSN-DRX) and inhibiting the grain growth. The interface between TiB2 particles and 6061Al matrix was in good bonding status and modified by MgAl2O4 phase. The welding mechanism in the area far away from TiB2 particle is mainly the nucleation and growth of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) initiated by the bulging mechanism. In the vicinity of TiB2 particle, the nucleation of DDRX is suppressed due to the formation of particle deformation zone containing high-density dislocations, and the nucleation and growth of PSN-DRXed grains become the dominated welding mechanism. The strong β-fiber texture and relatively weak α-fiber texture were observed in both 6061Al and TiB2/6061Al profiles, while the addition of TiB2 particles greatly reduced the intensity of main textures, which in turn weakened the differences in tensile strength at different locations. TiB2 particles also contribute to better mechanical performances due to the effects of grain refining, load transfer and dislocation strengthening.

Effect of extrusion ratio on microstructures, mechanical properties, and high cycle fatigue behavior of Mg–5Zn–1Mn alloy

The effects of extrusion ratio (ER) on the microstructures, static mechanical properties, and tension-compression high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of the as-extruded Mg–5Zn–1Mn (ZM51) alloy was investigated systematically, and the HCF mechanism was discussed. The results show that texture weakening and grain refinement caused by increasing the ER can effectively enhance the static mechanical properties and alleviate the tensile-compressive asymmetry of the alloy. The fatigue strength at 107 cycles is 124 ± 5, 138 ± 4, and 142 ± 5 MPa for ER8, ER11.5, and ER23, respectively, and the corresponding fatigue ratio is approximately 0.45, 0.49, and 0.50, which means that the as-extruded ZM51 alloy possesses outstanding fatigue resistance. The failure analysis and microstructure evolution of post-fatigued samples demonstrated that the stress amplitudes and microstructure characteristics strongly influence the HCF mechanism of the alloy. At high-stress load, close to the tensile yield strength 160–180 MPa, abundant {101‾2} residual twin bands were observed near the fracture surface. Twinning/detwinning deformation is the dominant fatigue mechanism due to the plastic deformation incompatibility between the matrix and the residual twins. At low-stress load, close to the fatigue strength 125–145 MPa, the fatigue crack initiation mechanism transits from twinning/detwinning to dislocation slip. Grain refinement and texture weakening inhibit the activation of {101‾2} twins, alleviate the twin-dislocation interaction, and promote dislocation slip to dominate the fatigue deformation, thereby enhancing the fatigue life of the alloy. This work provides new insight into the design and development for enhancing the fatigue resistance of wrought Mg alloy to ensure the long-term service safety of structural materials.

Adaptive Fractional-Order Multi-Scale Optimization TV-L1 Optical Flow Algorithm

We propose an adaptive fractional multi-scale optimization optical flow algorithm, which for the first time improves the over-smoothing of optical flow estimation under the total variation model from the perspective of global feature and local texture balance, and solves the problem that the convergence of fractional optical flow algorithms depends on the order parameter. Specifically, a fractional-order discrete L1-regularization Total Variational Optical Flow model is constructed. On this basis, the Ant Lion algorithm is innovatively used to realize the iterative calculation of the optical flow equation, and the fractional order is dynamically adjusted to obtain an adaptive optimization algorithm with strong search accuracy and high efficiency. In this paper, the flexibility of optical flow estimation in weak gradient texture scenes is increased, and the optical flow extraction rate of target features at multiple scales is greatly improved. We show excellent recognition performance and stability under the MPI_Sintel and Middlebury benchmarks.

Microstructural comparison of hot isostatically pressed Mo[sbnd]10Nb alloys before and after hot rolling

In this work, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and HIP followed by hot rolling (HIP+HR) were employed to process high-performance Mo10Nb alloys, respectively. The relative density, O content, oxide types, grain size and shape, and texture type of HIP-processed Mo10Nb alloys before and after HR were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the relative densities of Mo10Nb alloys prepared by the two methods are both over 98%. The oxygen content of HIP-processed and (HIP+HR)-processed Mo10Nb alloys is 638 ± 38 ppm and 2297 ± 152 ppm, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) confirms that the main oxides in HIP-processed Mo10Nb alloys are MoO2, MoO3, NbO and Nb2O5 while those in (HIP+HR)-processed Mo10Nb alloys are stable MoO3 and Nb2O5 resulting from the oxygen contamination during HR. More importantly, HR crushes large Nb-rich phase particles and elongates equiaxed grain in HIP-processed Mo10Nb alloys. The high temperature during HR leads to the moderate growth of grains. Noteworthy, two weak textures along {001}〈110〉 and {111}<110 > orientations were found in HIP-processed Mo10Nb alloys after HR, which could be caused by the incomplete development of deformation textures and recrystallization textures. This work helps us to clarify the microstructure difference of HIP-processed Mo10Nb alloys before and after HR, which can provide some valuable science and technology guidance for fabrication of refractory alloys by powder metallurgy and the following plastic deformation.

Friction-mediated tuning of shear deformation and microstructure in asymmetrically rolled Mg–1Gd alloy strips

Asymmetric rolling (ASR) is distinguished from conventional symmetric rolling (SR) process as the mismatched rolling speeds of two rolls introduce additional shear deformation to the rolled strips. Friction between the rolls and strip plays an important role in the formation of shear during ASR, which further impacts the microstructures of metallic strips. In this study, finite element (FE) simulations are used to probe the effects of friction in ASR of magnesium (Mg) alloy strips with varied roll speed ratios. The results on shear deformation distributions through the thickness of the strips reveal that the increase of friction coefficient or roll speed ratio induces greater shear deformation simultaneously. It is also found that the roll speed ratio can only promote the shear formation up to a threshold value which is dictated by the friction coefficient, further increasing the mismatch of the roll speeds provides negligible improvement on the plastic deformation of the strips. Experimentally, Mg–1Gd alloy strips are processed by SR and ASR, followed by electropulse treatment (EPT) to induce static recrystallization (SRX). The predictions of the numerical models are verified via EBSD and XRD observations on the grain refinement and texture weakening in Mg–1Gd alloy, which are the direct microstructure consequences of plastic deformations during rolling. At the roll speed ratio of 1.67, the alloy shows a weakened basal texture with an average grain size of 6.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m after SRX. Further increasing the roll speed ratio to 5, however, does not enhance the grain refinement or texture weakening significantly.

Hot compression behavior and microstructure evolution of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy

In this work, the hot compression behavior and microstructure evolution of Mg-8Gd-3Y-xZn-0.6Zr (x = 0, 1.5) alloys were investigated by Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation test machine, SEM, EBSD and other equipment. The results showed that, prior to hot deformation, the grain size of Mg-8Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.6Zr (1.5Zn) alloy was smaller than that of Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.6Zr (0Zn) alloy. Both alloys exhibited weak texture strength with predominantly large angle grain boundaries. The true stress-strain curve of the 1.5Zn alloy distinctly revealed dynamic recrystallization features. Notably, the 1.5Zn alloy exhibited higher peak stress and thermal activation energy compared to the 0Zn alloy. Furthermore, the 1.5Zn alloy demonstrated a lower critical strain for dynamic recrystallization, suggesting a heightened likelihood and increased degree of recrystallization. After hot deformation, the Mg-8Gd-3Y-xZn-0.6Zr alloy experienced a notable reduction in grain size, particularly evident in the 1.5Zn alloy, where the grains were smaller compared to the 0Zn alloy. Moreover, the texture strength of 1.5Zn alloy was obviously weaker than that of 0Zn alloy. Dynamic precipitation and dynamic recrystallization were more likely to occur at grain boundaries. Simultaneously, the constitutive model, hot processing map and recrystallization kinetics model were constructed for Mg-8Gd-3Y-xZn-0.6Zr alloy.

Prediction of low-cycle fatigue properties of additive manufactured IN718 by crystal plasticity modelling incorporating effects from crystallographic orientations and defects

ABSTRACT In this work, wire arc additive manufactured IN718 materials with different textures and defect characteristics were obtained via two deposition strategies: parallel mode (P_mode) and oscillation mode (O_mode). The influences of these microstructure variables on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) properties were systematically investigated by experimental and crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) frameworks. Results revealed that the weak texture of the O_mode sample may be detrimental to LCF due to strain incompatibility between adjacent grains. However, large-sized pore defects in the P_mode samples significantly increased the dispersity of LCF life. The sensitivity of fatigue crack initiation to critical defect size and location was further accurately captured based on the stored energy density criterion, and the fatigue crack nucleation life was also quantified. Finally, the LCF limit was calculated based on the Coffin–Manson equation, and the life prediction intervals of WAAMed-IN718 alloys with different deposition strategies were unified.

RU-SLAM: A Robust Deep-Learning Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) System for Weakly Textured Underwater Environments.

Accurate and robust simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems are crucial for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to perform missions in unknown environments. However, directly applying deep learning-based SLAM methods to underwater environments poses challenges due to weak textures, image degradation, and the inability to accurately annotate keypoints. In this paper, a robust deep-learning visual SLAM system is proposed. First, a feature generator named UWNet is designed to address weak texture and image degradation problems and extract more accurate keypoint features and their descriptors. Further, the idea of knowledge distillation is introduced based on an improved underwater imaging physical model to train the network in a self-supervised manner. Finally, UWNet is integrated into the ORB-SLAM3 to replace the traditional feature extractor. The extracted local and global features are respectively utilized in the feature tracking and closed-loop detection modules. Experimental results on public datasets and self-collected pool datasets verify that the proposed system maintains high accuracy and robustness in complex scenarios.

The Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Microstructure and Texture of a Cold-Rolled TiNiFe Shape Memory Alloy Tube

The effect of annealing treatment on the microstructure and texture of a Ti50Ni47Fe3 shape memory alloy tube was studied. The results show that the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy tube occurs at 600 °C. The microstructure changes from long striped grains to equiaxed recrystallized grains. The main texture of the alloy tube is the fiber texture &lt;111&gt; parallel to RD. With the increase in the annealing temperature, the crystal orientation of the alloy gradually turned to (111)&lt;112&gt;, and a series of secondary textures were distributed along the γ orientation line when the alloy was annealed at a lower temperature (450~600 °C). When the alloy was annealed at 650 °C, the growth of recrystallized grains made the grain orientation change, which led to the weakening of the γ-fiber texture and the formation of recrystallization textures.

SC-Net: Symmetrical conical network for colorectal pathology image segmentation

Background and ObjectiveImage segmentation of histopathology of colorectal cancer is a core task of computer aided medical image diagnosis system. Existing convolutional neural networks generally extract multi-scale information in linear flow structures by inserting multi-branch modules, which is difficult to extract heterogeneous semantic information under multi-level and different receptive field and tough to establish context dependency among different receptive field features. MethodsTo address these issues, we propose a symmetric spiral progressive feature fusion encoder-decoder network called the Symmetric Conical Network (SC-Net). First, we design a Multi-scale Feature Extraction Block (MFEB) matching with the Symmetric Conical Network to obtain multi-branch heterogeneous semantic information under different receptive fields, so as to enrich the diversity of extracted feature information. The encoder is composed of MFEB through spiral and multi-branch arrangement to enhance context dependence between different information flow. Secondly, the information loss of contour, color and others in high-level semantic information through causally stacking MFEB, the Feature Mapping Layer (FML) is designed to map low-level features to high-level semantic features along the down-sampling branch and solve the problem of insufficient global feature extraction in deep levels. ResultsThe SC-Net was evaluated on our self-constructed colorectal cancer dataset, a publicly available breast cancer dataset and a polyp dataset. The results revealed that the mDice of segmentation reached 0.8611, 0.7259 and 0.7144. We compare our model with the state-of-art semantic segmentation UNet++, PSPNet, Attention U-Net, R2U-Net and other advanced segmentation networks. The experimental results demonstrate that we achieve the most advanced performance. ConclusionsThe results indicate that the proposed SC-Net excels in segmenting H&E stained pathology images, effectively preserving morphological features and spatial information even in scenarios with weak texture, poor contrast, and variations in appearance.

Binocular Visual Measurement Method Based on Feature Matching.

To address the issues of low measurement accuracy and unstable results when using binocular cameras to detect objects with sparse surface textures, weak surface textures, occluded surfaces, low-contrast surfaces, and surfaces with intense lighting variations, a three-dimensional measurement method based on an improved feature matching algorithm is proposed. Initially, features are extracted from the left and right images obtained by the binocular camera. The extracted feature points serve as seed points, and a one-dimensional search space is established accurately based on the disparity continuity and epipolar constraints. The optimal search range and seed point quantity are obtained using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The zero-mean normalized cross-correlation coefficient is employed as a similarity measure function for region growing. Subsequently, the left and right images are matched based on the grayscale information of the feature regions, and seed point matching is performed within each matching region. Finally, the obtained matching pairs are used to calculate the three-dimensional information of the target object using the triangulation formula. The proposed algorithm significantly enhances matching accuracy while reducing algorithm complexity. Experimental results on the Middlebury dataset show an average relative error of 0.75% and an average measurement time of 0.82 s. The error matching rate of the proposed image matching algorithm is 2.02%, and the PSNR is 34 dB. The algorithm improves the measurement accuracy for objects with sparse or weak textures, demonstrating robustness against brightness variations and noise interference.

High temperature uniaxial deformation characteristics in Al-Li alloy: Insights into the perspective of microstructure, microtexture and slip system activity

The present study investigates the uniaxial deformation response of Al-Li alloy at elevated temperatures (673 K and 773 K) and nominal strain rate of 0.0001 /s. The alloy exhibits significant softening following deformation at 673 K. On the contrary, a steady state followed by marginal softening is observed in the flow curve and the alloy experiences elongation close to superplastic regime during deformation at 773 K. The microstructure evolution in both the deformed specimens reveals the prevalence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) via continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) mechanisms which resulted in flow softening. The evolution of Copper {112}〈111〉 as well as S texture {123}〈634〉 components and weakening of Cube texture {001}〈100〉 are observed in both the deformed specimens. Visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) simulation reveals that the activation of non-octahedral (NOC) slip systems ({100}〈110〉 and {110}〈110〉) in conjunction with octahedral (OC) slip system ({111}〈110〉) predicts the microtexture evolution accurately for both the deformation conditions. The higher activation of NOC slip systems and the simultaneous occurrence of dislocation slip as well as grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocation slip could be ascribed to the significant improvement in elongation close to superplastic regime at 773 K.

Track-Rex: A universal toolbox for tracking recrystallization nucleation and grain growth behaviors in polycrystalline materials

Recrystallization annealing is widely used to tailor the microstructure and enhance the performance of cold-deformed metallic materials. However, the underlying recrystallization mechanisms are debated, even with the use of cutting-edge characterization techniques. Here, we develop a Track-Rex toolbox to analyze quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) datasets of two magnesium (Mg) alloys during static recrystallization via grain correlation. The results show that the recrystallized grains do not always grow; instead, they can shrink or even be consumed. This is attributed to the presence of newly formed recrystallized grains that possess a growth advantage over the old recrystallized grains. The rare earth containing Mg-2.4Zn-0.2Ce wt.% (ZE20) alloy exhibits a higher nucleation activity in the shear bands compared to the commercial Mg-3Al-1 Zn (AZ31) alloy. Regardless of the nucleation timing and sites, recrystallized grains in the ZE20 alloy show consistent off-basal orientations, serving as the origin of the rare earth texture. Moreover, the off-basal texture of these recrystallized grains is further strengthened through preferential growth during subsequent annealing. On the contrary, the recrystallized grains in the AZ31 exhibit scattered basal orientations that grow uniformly, resulting in a weak basal texture.

Simulation Study on Temperature and Stress Fields in Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy during CMT Additive Manufacturing Process.

A new heat source combination, consisting of a uniform body heat source and a tilted double ellipsoidal heat source, has been developed for cold metal transfer (CMT) wire-arc additive manufacturing of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy. Simulations were conducted to analyze the temperature field and stress distribution during the process. The optimal combination of feeding speed and welding speed was found to be 8 m/min and 8 mm/s, respectively, resulting in the lowest thermal accumulation and residual stress. Z-axis residual stress was identified as the main component of residual stress. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) testing showed weak texture strength, and Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) analysis revealed that the 1st layer had the highest residual stress, while the 11th layer had higher residual stress than the 6th layer. Microhardness in the 1st, 11th, and 6th layers varies due to residual stress impacts on dislocation density. Higher residual stress increases dislocation density, raising microhardness in components. The experimental results were highly consistent with the simulated results.

Improvement of microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg–3Zn-0.5Zr by friction stir processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been applied to improve the microstructure and tensile performance of as-cast Mg–3Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy. By FSP, grains within the stir zone (SZ) demonstrate noticeable refinement and the varied processing parameters can lead to the formation of both strong and weak textures within the SZ. Second-phase particles are broken down, dispersed, and partially re-dissolved. In addition, optimal processing parameters lead to enhanced uniformity in refined grains and increased dispersion of secondary-phase particles, resulting in improved both in microhardness and tensile properties. The sample processed at 800-200 (rpm/mm∙min−1) demonstrates an overall improvement in tensile properties compared to the base material, with yield strength, ultimate strength, and uniform elongation of 93.7 MPa, 215.0 MPa, and 25.4%, respectively.

Effect of Mn addition in W-Ni-Cu heavy alloy processed through hot press sintering techniques on microstructure, microtexture and grain boundary character evolution

In this current study, the impact of manganese addition to 93 W-4.9Ni-2.1Cu-xMn (where x = 1, 2, 3, and 4 Wt%) on the microstructure, texture development, and grain boundary character distribution of tungsten heavy alloy (WHAs) was examined. The samples were produced through a vacuum hot press sintering, with parameters 50 MPa pressure, 10 °C/min heating rate, and 1450 °C sintering temperature for 20 min holding duration. To study the influence of manganese on the texture development and microstructure in conventional WHAs, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed. The important findings from the EBSD analysis reveal that fibre texture (001) 〈111〉 and a higher fraction of low-angle grain boundaries in the Mn unalloyed compact resulted from extensive atomic jumps between the particles at elevated temperatures. Further texture analysis on the Mn-added compacts reveals that manganese oxide (MnO) formation during liquid phase sintering led to lower densification and randomized weak fibre texture development in manganese-alloyed compacts. In addition, the texture degradation in Mn-added compacts is mainly caused by recrystallization followed by sub-structural recovery during liquid phase sintering. This study indicates that increasing manganese content in WHAs stoichiometry led to a heterogeneous distribution of binder matrix (NiCu) in the sintered compact. As a result, W-4.9Ni-2.1Cu-4Mn alloy revealed decreased relative density (90.70%), microhardness (389.5 HV0.5), and electrical conductivity (15.74% of IACS).

Effect of extrusion ratio on microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of dual-phase Mg−8Li−6Zn−2Gd alloy

The microstructure observation, macrotexture analysis, and tensile test were conducted to investigate the effect of extrusion ratio on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of Mg−8Li−6Zn−2Gd alloy. The results show that the as-homogenized Mg−8Li−6Zn−2Gd alloy consists of α-Mg, β-Li, MgLiZn, I-phase, and W-phase. After hot extrusion, eutectic I-phase is broken into fine particles, while W-phase maintains massive shape. Both α-Mg and β-Li matrices undergo dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and their grains gradually refine with increasing extrusion ratio. For α-Mg matrix, the weakening of basal texture and the strengthening of prismatic texture after hot extrusion are due to the activation of non-basal slip. For β-Li matrix, the appearance of obvious α and γ fiber textures after hot extrusion is associated with the dynamic recovery (DRV) and DRX. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy are simultaneously improved by hot extrusion, and the best comprehensive mechanical properties are achieved when extrusion ratio is 16:1.

Extrusion limit diagram of Mg–5Bi–3Al–1Zn alloy and effects of extrusion parameters on its microstructures and mechanical properties

Hot-compressive tests and finite element simulations were carried out to construct an extrusion limit diagram of a Mg–5Bi–3Al–1Zn (wt.%) alloy in this work. It was observed that 310 °C became a dividing line, below which the safe extrusion zone was narrow because the stress required to induce the plastic flow of alloy was higher than the pressure limit. Once the temperature exceeded this critical temperature, a wide safe extrusion zone controlled by the cracking limit was attained. The theoretical maximum ram extrusion speed was calculated as approximately 48 mm/s at 310 °C. No hot cracks occurred on the surface of alloys extruded at 30 and 44 mm/s; while at 56 mm/s, obvious orange peel defects were observed. Through further microstructural observation, the 44 mm/s extruded alloy exhibited a complete dynamic recrystallization structure with an average grain size of 21.9 μm, along with a relatively weak basal fiber texture (with a maximum pole intensity of 5.8) and plentiful nano-Mg3Bi2 phases. These microstructure features led to superior tensile properties (namely a tensile yield strength of 270 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 375 MPa and an elongation of 15%) at the high-speed extrusion.

Effects of extrusion die cavity on the texture components and the associated mechanical properties for ZK60 magnesium alloy

This work managed the extrusion strain path by designing various extrusion die cavities, successfully realizing the texture modification for the ZK60 magnesium alloy. The mechanisms involving the texture dependence on the extrusion die cavity as well as their effects on the mechanical properties were emphatically investigated. Results showed that dynamic recrystallization refined the grain size and improved the microstructure homogeneity in the three extrusion specimens, but did not produce too large microstructure differences. By comparison, significant texture differences developed owing to the various extrusion die cavities, which here were mainly reflected in the strong or weak texture components for the c-axes//TD and the c-axes//ND. Such texture differences started from the deformation texture instead of the recrystallization texture whose roles only consisted in dispersing the texture component and reducing the texture intensity. The results from the finite element analysis and the visco-plastic self-consistent model indicated that, in order to accommodate the different strain components induced by the extrusion die cavities, slip systems or tension twinning were activated differently, and this was the critical reason causing the above texture differences. One modified Hall-Petch relationship was adopted to analyze the conjoint effects of grain refinement and texture variation on the yield stress. Additionally, the quantitative results about deformation mechanism activation fractions demonstrated that the texture variations influenced the competition relationships between the twinning induced deformation and the slip dominant deformation, and the former generally produced the lower yield stress and the increasing stage of strain hardening rate, while the latter produced the higher yield stress and the continuous decline of strain hardening rate.

Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Twist Extrusion Processes with Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Analysis.

The mechanical characteristics of polycrystalline metallic materials are influenced significantly by various microstructural parameters, one of which is the grain size. Specifically, the strength and the toughness of polycrystalline metals exhibit enhancement as the grain size is reduced. Applying severe plastic deformations (SPDs) has a noticeable result in obtaining metallic materials with ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure. SPD, executed through conventional shaping methods like extrusion, plays a pivotal role in the evolution of the texture, which is closely related to the plastic behavior and ductility. A number of SPD processes have been developed to generate ultrafine-grained materials, each having a different shear deformation mechanism. Among these methods, linear twist extrusion (LTE) presents a non-uniform and non-monotonic form of severe plastic deformation, leading to significant shifts in the microstructure. Prior research demonstrates the capability of the LTE process to yield consistent, weak textures in pre-textured copper. However, limitations in production efficiency and the uneven distribution of grain refinement have curbed the widespread use of LTE in industrial settings. This has facilitated the development of an improved novel method, that surpasses the traditional approach, known as the nonlinear twist extrusion procedure (NLTE). The NLTE method innovatively adjusts the channel design of the mold within the twist section to mitigate strain reversal and the rotational movement of the workpiece, both of which have been identified as shortcomings of twist extrusion. Accurate anticipation of texture changes in SPD processes is essential for mold design and process parameter optimization. The performance of the proposed extrusion technique should still be studied. In this context, here, a single crystal (SC) of copper in billet form, passing through both LTE and NLTE, is analyzed, employing a rate-dependent crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) framework. CPFE simulations were performed for both LTE and NLTE of SC copper specimens having <100> or <111> directions parallel to the extrusion direction initially. The texture evolution as well as the cross-sectional distribution of the stress and strain is studied in detail, and the performance of both processes is compared.