Wayang Characters Research Articles

Paradigma Dakwah Kultural: Infiltrasi Nilai Ketahuidan melalui Kontruksi Karakter Puntadewa

Spreading Islam in the early Walisongo period amidst the strong establishment of the Hindu monarchy - Majapahit - was certainly not an easy thing. Adaptation and persuasion efforts were needed so that Islamic values did not encounter resistance from Javanese society at that time. One of the things that Walisongo - especially Sunan Kalijaga - did was infiltrate it through arts and culture. One of the things he did was construct a wayang character, namely Puntadewa, which incidentally was very popular with the people of his time.Using qualitative research with library research specifications, the author tries to explore how the value of monotheism is infiltrated into society through the construction of Puntadewa's character. The results of this research can be concluded that Puntadewa's position as the eldest of the Pandavas was used as an initial benchmark in infiltrating the value of monotheism into Javanese society at that time. The protagonist's typical character traits, which from the start are filled with attributes of perfection, make this step quite smooth. A series of storylines attempted in such a way as to reduce the previous values attached to the Mahabharata epic - and some of which were contrary to Islam - were actually quite successful and even without physical resistance in society at that time.

Penggunaan Media Wayang Tokoh Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menceritakan Kembali Pada Materi Fabel

The difficulty some students have in expressing their ideas can be a challenge for teachers. Not only improving their literacy but in forming effective communication skills. The use of wayang character media can be an innovative learning strategy to improve skills in retelling the content of fable stories. The aim of this research is to determine the use of wayang character media as an effort to improve skills in retelling the contents of fables. This research uses the literature study method. Literature study can be interpreted as a series of activities to collect data from literature, read, record and manage the results from various literature references. The results of this research show that the wayang character media can help students improve their skills in retelling the content of the fables they have listened to. Through the media of wayang figures, interesting and interactive learning situations are formed, both between students and the interaction between students and teachers. The enthusiastic side of the lower class students was also seen because they saw the attractive and funny shapes. Apart from that, students can take the message from the fable.

Variasi Perempuan dalam Ilustrasi Serat Ambiya

This study examines the relationship between Islam and Javanese in the illustration of the Serat Ambiya manuscript in the collection of the Sonobudoyo Museum with collection number L 12 PB A. 180. This manuscript is a pesantrenan category manuscript made in 1844 AD. This research uses a phenomenological approach. The material object of the research is the illustration of the female figure in the manuscript. The research focus focuses on 12 selected illustrations which are felt to represent illustrations of human figures in the manuscript.The results of the study show that the illustration of the human figure in Serat Ambiya shows elements of Islam and Java. This can be seen from the depiction of figure illustrations adapted from wayang characters. The female characters are depicted in kemben, like Javanese wayang, but some of these figures have green faces. The use of green color on the face in the illustration of the green color script reflects the piety of a character, in contrast to the meaning of the green face in wayang. While the position of the protagonist and antagonist is in accordance with the wayang stage, namely the main protagonist is always on the right side of the audience, while the antagonist is on the left side. This causes the human figures in the illustrations of the Serat Ambiya manuscript to contain Islamic and Javanese visual elements.

Analyzing the Adaptation of Ramayana Wayang Characters in Code Atma Video Game

Promotion of Wayang is important for future generations to continue cherish the value, meaning and pure passion just like how it is intended to be. As a traditional culture surviving the modern era, a modern adaptation is one of the many ways to promote towards the younger generations alongside other modern pastimes. The game “Code Atma” developed by Agate in 2020 has attracted the younger generation due to its appealing character design, that is a modern rendition to what is familiar, traditional culture. To ensure focus of the research, the chosen Code Atma characters would be the ones from Ramayana story: Shinta, Rama, Rahwana, and Hanuman. This qualitative research uses the comparative analysis to group and breakdown further the elements of a character, namely visual aspect, personality, and skills of each Code Atma characters to the original Ramayana Wayang Kulit characters. The essential elements of each character are presented by analyzing the similarities using the Jungian Archetypes by Carl Jung. There are limits in redesigning a Wayang character for a modern adaptation, because posture, proportion, and clothing are core elements that must remain to keep the character’s identity recognizable.
 Keywords: adaptation; archetype; character; game

Unveiling the aesthetic connection: Balinese wayang characters and the 'prodigal son' bible story

The Prodigal Son, a well-known biblical parable cherished by children, has never been depicted using Balinese wayang, presenting an opportunity for cultural enrichment. This research aims to select appropriate Balinese wayang characters for the Bible story "The Lost Child." The motivation behind this study is to bridge the gap between the western visual style often associated with biblical depictions and the captivating Balinese wayang tradition, rekindling children's interest and appreciation for the narrative. The qualitative research method utilizes Thomas Aquinas' Christian theoretical literature and Balinese aesthetic theory, complemented by interviews and FGDs with fellow Doctoral students. The findings yield a deep correlation between the aesthetic theories, laying the foundation for selecting wayang characters. Wayang Tualen represents the father's kind traits, while Merdah embodies the adventurous youngest son. Sangut portrays the passionate firstborn, Cenk and Blonk represent dynamic and critical aspects, and Delem embodies arrogance and cunning. The research discussions enrich the study's scope, contributing to Balinese cultural preservation and its fusion with global characterizations. This artistic amalgamation fosters cross-cultural appreciation and artistic regeneration among younger generations with both the characters in the story and the characters in the Balinese wayang.

Landscape Dakwah Islam Kultural Sunan Kalijaga di Jawa

This research aims to reveal the role of Sunan Kalijaga as a wali in spreading Islamic teachings in Java through a cultural approach that respects the cultural diversity of the local community. The method used in this research is qualitative with Sunan Kalijaga as the research subject. The data sources used in this research are historical books and religious texts related to Sunan Kalijaga. The data collection techniques used in this research are literature study and documentation. The data analysis technique used is content analysis. The results show that Sunan Kalijaga played an important role in spreading Islamic teachings in Java through a cultural approach by utilizing art and culture, such as wayang, traditional Javanese dances, and songs in his preaching. He taught these dances and songs with Islamic content that was adapted to the Javanese cultural context. Sunan Kalijaga transformed wayang from merely entertainment into a means of preaching and teaching Islamic religion by teaching wayang characters as examples of virtues and role models in Islamic teachings. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that Sunan Kalijaga played an important role in spreading Islamic teachings in Java through a cultural approach that respects the cultural diversity of the local community. Through the use of art and culture, Sunan Kalijaga strengthened interfaith relationships and instilled the values of tolerance in Java at that time. Therefore, this research suggests that the values taught by Sunan Kalijaga, such as diversity, tolerance, and the use of art and culture as a means of preaching, must be preserved and strengthened as part of Indonesia's cultural heritage.

WAYANG FOR ASSISTING STUDENTS IN MASTERING SPEAKING SKILLS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT
 This research is a Research and Development adapted Sugiyono’s procedures which ssssss Potential and problem detection as well solution proposed, product design and development, experts’ validation and revision, targeted users’ responses, evaluation and revision, and final product and publication, This research is intended to develop Wayang as a medium for mastering speaking skills especially for assisting X-grade students in practicing storytelling as well as knowing the feasibility of the developed product and gaining targetetted users’ responses toward the developed product. The research subjects were 20 students and 5 English teachers from various senior high schools in Blitar Regency. The results of the study revealed that; (1) The developed storytelling model consists of 5 stories, 20 wayang characters, and 15 properties, equipped with 2 guidebooks for teachers and students. (2) The product (Wayang) which was developed as a learning medium is valid (87%) to be applied in speaking instruction, especially storytelling and (3) Students and teachers also presented positive responses toward wayang as a learning medium in speaking especially storytelling in which sshowed from the results of the questionnaire got 83% ( very Positive) from the students and 92% (Very positive) from the teachers. From the results above, it can be concluded that the developed storytelling with wayang is very valid and feasible to be applied as an alternative medium in learning to speak, especially storytelling in class X of Senior high school.

Development of Local Wisdom-Based "Sandal Wayang" Game Tools to Improve Physical Motor Ability of Children with Special Needs in Early Childhood Education Inclusion

Childhood is an important period for development and an opportunity to learn and develop motor skills and physical fitness through Movement-based play. This research will develop a play tool, "sandal wayang" (sayang), based on wayang characters, namely the "punakawan" family, to improve the physical motor skills of children with special needs in Inclusive ECE. The development method used in this study is the ADDIE (Analyze, Development, Design, Implementation, Evaluation) model, with data collection through observation, surveys, and interviews. The targets of this development research trial were teachers and students at the Kharisma Sidoarjo Kindergarten institution. The product of this research is a "sayang" game with wayang characters from the Pandawa family (Semar, Petrok, Gareng, Bagong) and Gatotkaca, as well as a guidebook on how to use the "sayang" game. The results of the material and media validation state that the "sayang" game tool that has been developed is suitable for use in learning. The implementation results show that there is an increase in balance and coordination of movements before and after playing "sayang".

Lakon Punakawan as a Form of Religious and Cultural Transformation of Javanese Community

Wayang (puppet shows) for the Javanese people are a source of culture and tradition, philosophical values as well as religious teachings. It developed into a means of socio-cultural-religious transformation of da’wah, especially for Sunan Kalijaga. In the wayang, some lakon (plays, scenes, episodes) are taken from the epic story of the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and other ancient literatures. Meanwhile, wayang characters that resonate the Javanese people are Punakawan. The cultural and religious transformation brought by the lakon can be seen in the meaning and naming of Punakawan. In addition, the displayed role contains an elegant religious message wrapped in culture. Employing qualitative research using the analysis method, steps taken done to write the paper are; first, observing the theological and social revolution of the Javanese society, which is animist, dynamic, and paganist towards monotheistic mysticism. The second is the shift phenomena of Javanese Hindu ideology towards the Islamization of Java through an egalitarian concept of Islam. The third is the interpretation of young people’s anxiety through the distinctive voices of criticism. The result of this research is the disclosure of written descriptions of the characteristics of the practice of Javanese society through the process of cultural and religious transformation in the interpersonal play of Punakawan.

Semar: A Personal Model for Counselors

Semar is an Indonesian wayang figure, a servant to other wayang characters Pandawa. Semar's personality is shown as a good, wise and wise individual, so he is suitable to be used as a counselor's personality model. This qualitative study applied Gadamerian hermeneutics, an objective type of hermeneutic research. The primary data in this study were texts discussing Semar, namely “Apa dan Siapa Semar” by Sri Mulyono and “Semar Dunia Batin Orang Jawa” by Tuti Sumukti. The data were also collected through an interview with Indonesian wayang expert, Ki Manteb Sudarsono. This study found that Semar’s (1) advisor, (2) congruent, (3) honest, and (4) empathetic personalities could be used as a counselor’s personal model.

Semar: A Personal Model for Counselors

Semar is an Indonesian wayang figure, a servant to other wayang characters Pandawa. Semar's personality is shown as a good, wise and wise individual, so he is suitable to be used as a counselor's personality model. This qualitative study applied Gadamerian hermeneutics, an objective type of hermeneutic research. The primary data in this study were texts discussing Semar, namely “Apa dan Siapa Semar” by Sri Mulyono and “Semar Dunia Batin Orang Jawa” by Tuti Sumukti. The data were also collected through an interview with Indonesian wayang expert, Ki Manteb Sudarsono. This study found that Semar’s (1) advisor, (2) congruent, (3) honest, and (4) empathetic personalities could be used as a counselor’s personal model.

Membaca Lakon Ardini Pangastuti Menanamkan dan Menghidupkan Wayang pada Generasi Muda

This research discusses how the Javanese novelist, Ardini Pangastuti, uses her work Lakon to inculcate and reinvigorate wayang in the young generation. In this work, the pragmatic perspective is applied based on linguistic concepts. The pragmatic point of view assumes that the language (form of speech, literary work) is an expression that suggests the speaker's intentions and the context of the speech. Meanwhile, qualitative data analysis was carried out utilizing interpretation-interactive and inductive methods. All of the results are provided in a verbal-descriptive style. The following are the study's findings. First, Lakon expresses a strong deliberate interaction (intention) between the author and the novel's characters in instilling and reviving wayang to the young generation. Second, the Lakon novel does not transform wayang characters into characters so that the novel tends to be reportative due to the dominant description of wayang stories obtained from observations and interviews. Third, the author and novel's characters succeeded in instilling and reviving wayang in the young generation through the narrative structure by combining traditional concepts with modern tools, includding technical innovations in performances, communicative language, and wayang performing management, despite the fact that these methods are common in the context of wayang development.
 Keywords: a novel; wayang; Ardini Pangastuti; pragmatic; young generation

The Role of Kiai Syakirun in Preaching through the Using of Wayang Kulit in Tipar, Rawalo, Banyumas Regency (1998-2016)

The role of Kiai Syakirun in spreading Islam using the wayang kulit as media demonstrated a fairly exciting method. Every Wayang Kulit performance conducted by Kiai Syakirun conveyed meaningful messages, especially regarding religious, social, and cultural life. In his performance, every wayang movement showed a positive message. This spectacular performance lies because the Islamic values and practices used by Kiai Syakirun are more easily captured by the public. In this study, the authors used historical research methods consisting of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The theory used in this research is the theory of cultural and religious relevance. The results of this study are in the process of preaching in Tipar Village, Kec. Rawalo, Kab. Banyumas, Kiai Syakirun using shadow puppet media. He recites Quranic verses echoed with songs and explain the wayang characters depicted in human life. Kiai Syakirun's role in spreading Islam in Tipar Village is very influential within his neighborhood. As Kiai Syakirun's influence gradually increased, inhabitants in his community abandoned their customs, such as worshiping trees and eating wild boars as side dishes. All their habits are abandoned and replaced by worship, praying and, reciting the Koran, eating by relying on natural products such as vegetables

IMPLEMENTATION OF YUDHISTIRA SUPPORT CHARACTER VALUE AT MUHAMMADIYAH GIRIKERTO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

This study aims to describe the character values of the Yudhistira wayang character and the implementation of the Yudhistira wayang character values in SD Muhammadiyah Girikerto. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research is the character value of the students of SD Muhammadiyah Girikerto. The subjects in this study were principals, teachers and students. The data collection instrument used was in the form of interview and observation guidelines. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, display data, and drawing conclusions. The technique of examining data uses triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that the students of SD Muhammadiyah Girikerto were able to have characters according to the character values of the Yudhistira puppet character. The character values contained in the wayang Yudhistira are: 1) Religious, 2) Leadership, 3) Honest, and 4) Responsibility. The implementation of the character values of the Yudhistira puppet character is carried out through: 1) Making learning tools, 2) Learning processes such as leading prayers, collecting assignments, and being active in the classroom, and 3) Application of student character values in the school environment. The conclusion from the results of this study is that the character of the wayang Yudhistira contains good character values so that it can be used as character building for students. Based on the results of this study, there are suggestions put forward by the author, namely the cultivation of character values through wayang Yudhistira figures not only limited to learning activities in the classroom but can be implemented in the surrounding environment.

Adoption of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena to Introduce Wayang Character

Wayang is considered a cultural heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation in Indonesia. However, the younger generation known as digital natives shows a lack of motivation and interest in Wayang. Therefore, it became an important matter to introduce traditional Wayang to younger audiences in engaging formats. This paper proposes an adaptation of the multiplayer online battle arena or known as MOBA. This type of multiplayer game for the mobile market is gaining high popularity among the young generation because it embraces quick-paced, strategic, and intense battle scenes. We called our game "Wayang Tarung" or "Wayang Battle" in English. Furthermore, the game has several features supporting the narrative of wayang characters, such as simple digital motion comics and character briefing between loading screens. A mechanic-dynamic-aesthetic framework (MDA) is used as a guideline to assure the game has engaging gameplay. Since the game runs asymmetrically, the starting condition for both players must be considered. Therefore, we also apply a game balancing strategy to ensure that each Wayang character has weak and strong points. In addition, we were adapting artificial intelligence from the Clash Royale game to dictate autonomous character behavior. The implementation of the Wayang Tarung game has been evaluated using a heuristic testing method adapted from the norman Nielsen heuristic usability. We also conducted a direct observation in a controlled-lab condition and gathered the data using a pre-post test that evaluated player knowledge of Wayang's character. Based on the excellent mark pre-post test result, we believe that adopting the multiplayer game platform in introducing wayang characters to the young generation has enriched prominent to explore further.

Design of Gradual Contemporary Wayang Visual Character Indonesia For Sticker Chatting And Game Applications

UNESCO international recognition in 2003 stated that wayang is one of Indonesia's cultural heritage, but the sense of belonging for wayang is still low among the nation's next generation of Indonesia. So at this time, both the government and the educators, still working to improve the regeneration of wayang knowledge and recognition for the young nation and the world, including through game application. In this study, the researchers created a contemporary virtual character of wayang, and will be inserted as a character sticker chatting and game application. This wayang virtual characters can be used as tools for reintroduction to young people around the world. This method will be conducted by researchers include depictions classification of facial expressions of emotion, collaborate with simplified visual approach, to obtain the corresponding visual characteristics of the wayang virtual characters. Researchers also used visual basic character as a prototype for contemporary form deformation, so it can be applied to the target games application and communication functions.

KOMPOSISI KARAWITAN ISMUNING CAHYA: INTERPRETASI KEESAAN TUHAN MELALUI TOKOH SEMAR

This work is entitled "Ismuning Cahya", is a work of contemporary Javanese gamelan music composition with the theme "the form of the Oneness of God” represented by the wayang character, Semar. The purpose of the creation of this works is to prove the existence of contemporary music (gamelan), as a reference for gamelan students who are interested in creating works of art (music). The output of this artistic research work is in the form of works (both live and/ or audio documentation) and scientific works which contain the process of developing the works "Ismuning Cahya". From there, it is hoped that this work will be able to become a model for the creation of works of art, especially the creation of contemporary gamelan.

Integration of Political Facts and Wayang Stories in Modern Indonesian Novels

The presence of political events and wayang stories integrated into modern Indonesian novels is an interesting fact. Political events are facts and knowledge, while wayang stories and novels are fiction and imagination. These two things can be brought together coherently in modern Indonesian novels. Political events are used as historical settings, while wayang stories are used as references for character development, plot, and cultural references. This study aims to describe the way the authors reveal political events in Indonesian history by using wayang as a narrative medium. This article focuses on two novels, namely Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak and Pulang by Leila S. Chudori. The two novels have one thing in common, both of which highlight the political event of the 30 September Movement of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) in 1965, which is usually referred to as G30S/PKI, and the political life under the New Order regime which was integrated intensively with wayang stories. From the point of view of Indonesian political history, the two novels raised the issue of the political policies of the New Order government to dissolve the Indonesian Communist Party and communism. The policy is considered to be imposed also upon people who were actually not involved, were not sympathizers, and did not even know what really happened. From the standpoint of wayang culture, wayang characters are referred to in naming the novel’s characters. In Amba, the plot refers to the wayang story about the love triangle between Amba, Salwa, and Bhisma. In fact, Amba, whose name is the title of the novel, is also the name of a wayang character. In Pulang, Dimas considers the wayang characters Bima and Ekalaya as a metaphor for himself. Bima is considered as a metaphor for himself in matters of love, while Ekalaya is a metaphor for the love of the country even though he is exiled. Dimas, who lives as an exile abroad, is a victim of the purge of communism by the government.

A Comparative Study of Transfer Learning and Fine-Tuning Method on Deep Learning Models for Wayang Dataset Classification

Deep Learning is an essential technique in the classification problem in machine learning based on artificial neural networks. The general issue in deep learning is data-hungry, which require a plethora of data to train some model. Wayang is a shadow puppet art theater from Indonesia, especially in the Javanese culture. It has several indistinguishable characters. In this paper, We tried proposing some steps and techniques on how to classify the characters and handle the issue on a small wayang dataset by using model selection, transfer learning, and fine-tuning to obtain efficient and precise accuracy on our classification problem. The research used 50 images for each class and a total of 24 wayang characters classes. We collected and implemented various architectures from the initial version of deep learning to the latest proposed model and their state-of-art. The transfer learning and fine-tuning method showed a significant increase in accuracy, validation accuracy. By using Transfer Learning, it was possible to design the deep learning model with good classifiers within a short number of times on a small dataset. It performed 100% on their training on both EfficientNetB0 and MobileNetV3-small. On validation accuracy, gave 98.33% and 98.75%, respectively.

Hanoman's 2D animated character in ramayana wayang story

Research in art creation is an effort to preserve traditional arts, especially wayang kulit in the form of character development of the Hanoman character in the Ramayana story through animated 2D media which aims to introduce traditional skills among the younger generation in Surakarta. This research method of art creation uses a qualitative descriptive approach through data sources, including Ramayana puppet shows, literature studies, and competent speakers in the field of puppetry and animation. The stages of analysis from various sources of results from information from both literature reviews and interviews were carried out using an interactive model, where each component of the research includes the stages of data collection, data reduction, presentation and conclusion drawing. Test the validity of the data using data triangulation techniques, namely triangulation of data sources and triangulation of theories. The locations of designing 2D animated Hanoman characters go through several processes, namely: the Envisioning Phase, the Planning Phase, the Design/Design Stage, the Stabilizing Phase, and the Deploying Phase. The Hanoman character in the Ramayana wayang story collaborates with 2D animation technology as an alternative to introducing wayang characters and educational media that are suitable for the younger generation segmentation.