Waves Of Immigration Research Articles

Sobre los inicios de un revisionismo filosófico en Argentina y sus derivas políticas: Homero Guglielmini, Saúl Taborda y Carlos Astrada

El presente artículo analiza los principales textos que con distintos intereses ideológicos funcionaron como iniciadores de un particular ensayismo filosófico organizacionista y anti-liberal en la Argentina desde espacios académicos y universitarios. Sus autores, Saúl Taborda (1885-1943), Homero Guglielmini (1903-1968) y Carlos Astrada (1894-1971) tuvieron una trayectoria teórica y política en buena medida común. Primero desarrollaron sus textos en términos nietzscheanos y soreleanos. Más tarde se interesaron en el romanticismo alemán y la obra de Heidegger. En este arco, desde la década de 1920 cuando estuvieron a cargo de incipientes revistas filosóficas y vanguardistas hasta el momento en que Astrada y Guglielmini se convirtieron de en dos de las más importantes plumas oficialistas del gobierno de Juan Domingo Perón, estos autores mantuvieron sus intereses anti-iluministas y anti-liberales, con los cuales se opusieron a los estudios históricos como modo de indagación. Frente a ellos, desarrollaron un ensayismo filosófico no histórico que el presente artículo periodiza y caracteriza en oposición al más estudiado revisionismo histórico. A diferencia de estos últimos, los filósofos no reaccionaron frente a las continuas olas inmigratorias, sino más bien a los proyectos políticos foráneos. Se enfocaron principalmente en la figura del gaucho, y no en la de Rosas, y propusieron una reivindicación no-católica del hispanismo. Pero, principalmente, ellos argumentaron contra el individualismo liberal y buscaron pensar herramientas teóricas a favor de un sujeto político colectivo.

Migration, Emigration, and Immigration: African Cartoonists Draw the Lines

Migration, Emigration, and Immigration: African Cartoonists Draw the Lines

Continuity and Change in Role Definitions and Training Models of School Psychologists in Israel

In accordance with one of the major challenges of psychology research and practice worldwide, school psychology in Israel has setas its aim the promotion of the emotional well-being of students. These aims are achieved through psychological evaluation and intervention, at the systemic and individual-student level. School psychology emerged in Israel in the 1930s, as a relatively narrow field, focused mainly on the placement of students in special education settings. Over the decades, major changes occurred in Israeli society, including waves of immigration, coping with security situations and additional socio-political challenges. In light of these transformations, the discipline grew and broadened, encompassing additional areas of professional practice. The training of school psychologists evolved in relation to these processes. From unsystematic training procedures, mostly embedded in child-clinical psychology and relying on on-the-job training, to a well-established system of graduate school programs producing dozens of school psychologists every year. Academic pre-service training is followed by a post-graduate internship in the public-school system. The developments in the field of school psychology brought about a host of challenges and dilemmas. These issues are discussed in relation to the broad aim of school psychology in Israel: the promotion of the emotional well-being of all students.

Welcoming, Trust, and Civic Engagement: Immigrant Integration in Metropolitan America

Prior studies have sought to understand how immigrants integrate into U.S. society, focusing on the ways in which local contexts and institutions limit immigrant incorporation. In this study, we consider how interactions among immigrants and U.S.-born within receiving communities contribute to the process of immigrant integration. We emphasize the extent to which immigrants perceive that they are welcome in their social environments and the downstream effects of those perceptions. Drawing on new representative survey data and in-depth interviews with first-generation Mexican and Indian immigrants in the Atlanta and Philadelphia metropolitan areas, we examine what constitutes feeling welcomed and how these perceptions are associated with immigrants’ interest and trust in the U.S.-born and with their civic participation. Our focus on two metropolitan areas with long-standing racialized dynamics, coupled with new waves of immigration, provides insights about the role of welcoming contexts in immigrant integration in the twenty-first century.

RECEPTION OF THE FOREIGNNESS – MIGRANT LITERATURE AS CULTURAL TRANSFER

The article reviews the distinction between emigrant, immigrant and migrant literature from the perspective of the contemporary Bulgarian literary criticism. The body of emigrant literature is regarded as comprising the works of nineteenthcentury Bulgarian authors (Rakovski, Karavelov, Vazov) who wrote in Bulgarian and intended their works for the Bulgarian readership. The works from the first half of the twentieth century, written in Bulgarian by Bulgarian authors living mostly in Germany and France, are perceived as part of the Bulgarian literature from this period on the grounds of their engaging with themes recognized as characteristically Bulgarian (Elisaveta Bagryana, Pencho Slaveykov, Kiril Hristov, Svetoslav Minkov etc.). The Bulgarian intellectuals who moved to Western Europe in three immigrant waves after 1944, however, wrote in the language of the country in which they settled. This is the reason why Bulgarian literary criticism did not acknowledge their works as part of Bulgarian literature. The authors this article deals with – Ilija Trojanov, Dimitre Dinev and Tzveta Sofronieva – do not deny their Bulgarian origins. They have chosen to write in German in order to be understood by readers in their new country. The German-speaking readership regards them as mediators between Bulgarian history, traditions and culture and the German, respectively Austrian, society precisely because they have rendered Bulgarians and the Bulgarian past in a language that is easy to understand. The interest in Bulgarian authors writing in languages other than Bulgarian in Western Europe peaked in the years immediately preceding and following Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union as the Western European citizens wanted to find out more about the new country in the Union. With their established reputation as eminent artists, these authors continue to cast a bridge between the two cultures. Their works keep being translated into many different languages and have won prestigious international awards.

Göçmen Gençlerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Ruh Sağlığının Güçlendirilmesi

Nowadays, there is an intense wave of immigration in the world and Turkey. The density of the young population is also very high in these migration. The young immigrants have many areas of need such as health, education and social areas in the country they migrate to. Due to these problems, the need for support and expectations of young people affects their mental health significantly. In the context of mental health, psychological resilience is of special importance for primary protection. In order to be able to successfully overcome the adverse conditions faced by immigrant youth despite very difficult conditions and to adapt to the environment and society they live in, their psychological strength must be strengthened. In this process, increasing the level of health literacy, which provides the ability to recognize the health system and establish health communication correctly, will also strengthen the adaptation. The multi-sectoral activities of determining, increasing and enhancing the level of health literacy of young immigrants will increase the applicability and sustainability of the programs.

Wooden Constructions in Bronze and Iron Age Burials in Japan and Korea

Throughout the period from 300 BC to 700 AD, significant changes took place in the life of population of Japanese Archipelago and Korean Peninsula, which were reflected by the burial rite. Specifically, the practice of using wood in mounded burials became particularly common. Such numerous instances in both regions are analyzed, the placement and several elements of wooden structures, accompanying artifacts, sorts of wood etc. are described in this work. The changes in burial rite practiced in ancient Japan can be seen. During the Yayoi period (300 BC to 300 AD), jar burials gave way to those with wooden structures in Western Japan regions closest to the mainland. It’s established that traditions co-occurred with innovations, as seen from the fact that such structures were coated with clay. Further development took place during the Kofun period (300–538 AD), when first log coffins appeared, then composite coffins, and eventually stone coffins. Similar burial practice existed in Korea earlier than in Japan, the peak of this tradition coinciding with the period of Three Kingdoms (200–600 AD). The comparison of the ways the tradition evolved in both regions suggests that it had originated on the mainland, was introduced to Japan by successive immigration waves, and was then adapted to local conditions.

The Impact of Middle Eastern Crisis on Cleft Care: Evaluation of Demographic and Perioperative Data in Syrian Refugees With Cleft Lip and Palate.

The cleft lip and palate (CL/P) define a heterogeneous group of congenital deformities, which are morphologically highly diverse, with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Affected children may experience social problems due to negative effects on speech, hearing, facial appearance, as well as negative psychological effects on the parents. In 2011, after the civil war began in Syria, a great wave of immigration began to Turkey and other neighboring countries. Refugees may not be able to receive optimal health care because of cultural differences, socioeconomic status, language problems, and psychosocial problems. To increase awareness about this issue, the authors investigated the demographic, perioperative, and post-operative data of Syrian refugee patients with CL/P who were admitted to our cleft center between January 2016 and May 2019. Sixty-eight refugees with CL/P were detected as the result of the screening. Unlike the protocol the authors follow in our center, cleft lip repair was performed at an average of 7.6 months and cleft palate repair was performed at an average of 28.7 months of age. The rate of fistula was found 26.2%.The civil war in Syria has caused the repair of the patients with cleft lip and palate at a later age, hampered the follow-up and treatment, and caused more complications. Considering the demographic, social, economic and cultural characteristics of the patients, it was demonstrated that the necessary health precautions and infrastructure should be provided on the pillar of plastic surgery.

Racial/Facial Discrimination in Malcolm Bradbury’s Eating People Is Wrong

Abstract As unprecedented waves of immigrants poured into Britain in the wake of World War Two, racism reared its ugly head. Literary works, like several branches of learning, made a considerable contribution towards bringing the problems of otherness and foreignness to the forefront of public attention. Malcolm Bradbury’s academic novel, Eating People Is Wrong (1959), is a typical case in point. This essay attempts to turn the spotlight on the unjust and unjustifiable racist judgments and practices inflicted on black African students in the said novel’s provincial redbrick university and, by extension, in the social universe. Unlike previous scholarly research on Bradbury’s work, the present paper pursues a new line of investigation by leaning on George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s analysis of metonymy in their Metaphors We Live By (1980). This interdisciplinary venture aims to gauge the extent to which metonymic concepts involving skin colour and certain body parts inform race-related attitudes and demeanour. More precisely, I maintain that by purposely boiling the appearance and identity of a Nigerian student called Eborebelosa down to a “black face” or a “black head,” some prejudiced white academics cast him in the role of an inferior other and an unwelcome alien. This is all the more lamentable as intellectuals are supposed to ensure the prominence and permanence of tolerance, equality, and justice, instead of assuming the role of complacent and complicit social actors.

Language, translation, and the Irish Theatre Diaspora in Quebec

This article argues for the inclusion of contemporary Québécois translations of twentieth-century Irish plays as part of the Irish theatrical diaspora. The presence of an Irish diaspora in North America was mainly the result of massive waves of immigration, in large part due to the Great Famine, peaking during the mid-nineteenth century before gradually abating. This diaspora in Quebec has resisted full linguistic assimilation, yet was also integrated into many aspects of its culture, a fact that was facilitated by similar political, religious, and even linguistic parallels and elements. Interest in Irish culture, especially in its theatrical output, remains high, with many theatre companies in the province commissioning seasons based on Celtic Tiger-era dramas, translated by Québécois playwrights who also happen to be translators. In tracing and analysing the reason for this interest, despite diminished recent immigration, this article provides the basis for continued research into the performative force of proactive translations across varying diasporic traditions.

The Mother Country: A Dream for the Immigrants in Andrea Levy’s 'Small Island'

The post-World War II era oversaw a series of changing events in England. Pertaining to the mass immigration trend, Andrea Levy’s parents decided to leave for England. Andrea Levy’s parents arrived from Jamaica to Britain in 1948 on the ‘Empire Windrush’. The Windrush marks the upcoming great changes which England would face for its lifetime. It began with an urgent demand and ended with an identity crisis and cultural conflict. The first wave of immigrants including Levy’s family moved with the ray of hope and with the desire to taste what is commonly perceived as the ‘Better Opportunity’. Andrea levy has always been fascinated by the story of her parents’ immigration to Britain. She wanted to know what that experience was like, not only the Jamaicans wanting to make a new life in Britain, but also for the people who already lived in Britain and who would have to accommodate the new arrivals. Her aim was to see the experience from both sides, and this became the inspiration for her fourth novel, Small Island. Levy has been interested in the effect that the West Indian immigrants had on their white English neighbors. Andrea Levy is able to present the real picture of how and with what kind of dreams the Windrush started from Jamaica to England. This paper attempts to discover and analyze what made the Jamaicans trust England and also aims to analyze the history of, fall of the Empire and the shattered dreams of peace and prosperity of its colonies.

The identity of an Estonian: we don’t play dirty games such as football and we are proud of it

ABSTRACT The present study discusses the reasons why football, the most popular sport in Estonia between the two world wars became marginalized in the conditions of Soviet annexation. The Soviet sport system set winning medals at the Olympic Games as its priority. Estonia with its population of more than one million could not be successful in football which despite official priorities was the most popular sport in the Soviet Union and that is why Estonia used its resources elsewhere. The changes in the status of football were also affected by the Soviet terror and genocide as well as a considerable immigration wave from the East threatening to leave Estonians a minority in their own land. To make a difference between themselves and the immigrants Estonians identified themselves as a nation that doesn’t play football. At the end of the article, I shall view the marginalization of football using the postcolonial method.

People of Color, People of Faith: The Effect of Social Capital and Religion on the Political Participation of Marginalized Communities

U.S. immigration policy over the last 100 years has changed the onus of political acculturation from public programs to private groups like churches. After this significant policy change, how do religion, social capital, and nativity intersect in the political mobilization of racial minorities? Furthermore, after the 1965 Hart-Celler Act, the country of origin of immigrants shifted from European countries to Latin America and Asia. Scholars have theorized that churches play a pivotal role in the socialization of immigrants by providing a place of belonging and a community willing to teach newcomers about the goings-on of American political society. How have these acculturation policies worked under new immigration populations? Previous scholarly work has connected social capital with churches, though their relationship to political participation has been minimal. We hypothesize that social capital and religious tradition have a multiplicative effect on the participation rates of believers, but that race mitigates that effect. The positioning of racial groups in broader society impacts the significance and role of churches within these communities. We use Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS) 2016 data to examine the connection between social capital, religion, and political behavior in a novel attempt to systematically identify the unique role of churches in the mobilization of racial minority communities. We use these results to suggest that the current policies of privatizing political acculturation have had less success with more recent waves of immigrants.

Wave Theory ~ Social Theory

This article offers a history of the wave metaphor in social theory, examining how waves became rhetorical forms through which to think about the shape of social change. The wave analytic—“waves of democratization,” “waves of immigration,” “waves of resistance”—wavers between high theory and popular model, between objectivist sociological explanation and hand-waving sociobabble, between vanguardist predictions of social revolution and conservative prognoses of political inevitability, between accountings of formal change and claims about material transubstantiation. The article examines usages in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, arguing that techniques of inscription—graphical, numerical, diagrammatic—have produced formal claims about rising and falling tendencies in the social body. It argues, too, that in such deployments, waves are either (1) overpowering forces of social structuration or (2) signs of the animating effects of world-transforming collective social agencies. The “wave” thus generates questions—and uncertainties—about the relation of structure to agency.

Effects of Country of Origin and Wave of Immigration on Prevalence of Schizophrenia Among First and Second-Generation Immigrants: A 30-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract Objectives To compare the rates of schizophrenia among 1st and 2nd generation immigrants from two distinct backgrounds and across sequential periods of immigration. Methods A 30-years retrospective cohort study (187,184 individuals) of 1st and 2nd generation East-African immigrants (EAIs) and former Soviet-Union immigrants (FSUIs) who migrated to Israel between 1980 and 2012. EAIs were further divided according to waves of immigration. Period prevalence was calculated between the years 2002–2012. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between immigration-related factors and prevalence of schizophrenia (Native-Born Israelis serving as reference group). Results The prevalence of schizophrenia in 1st generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.8% and 1.2%, respectively, compared to 1.0% among NBIs (p Conclusions The increased risk for developing schizophrenia among 2nd generation immigrants and among pioneer groups of immigrants emphasizes the importance of persistent investment in acculturation. Further studies elucidating the impact of country of origin and ethnic density on the risk for developing schizophrenia are warranted.

Social determinants, ethical issues and future challenge of tuberculosis in a pluralistic society: the example of Israel.

SummaryTuberculosis is a very serious respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which generates a relevant societal and clinical burden. It has always represented a permanent concern and a public health challenge over the course of human history, because of its severe epidemiological, and economic-financial implications. The present review aims at over-viewing the impact of tuberculosis on the Israeli healthcare system, its temporal trend and evolution, stratified according to ethnicities and minorities, the need of establishing new facilities and implementing screening techniques, public health strategies and diagnostic tests, following massive immigration waves from countries characterized by a high incidence rate of tuberculosis during the fifties-sixties until the nineties, and the policies implemented by the Israeli government in the control, management and treatment of tuberculosis, as well as the role played by Israeli prominent scientists in discovering new druggable targets and finding bioactive compounds and bio-molecules in the fight against tuberculosis. Israel represents a unique, living laboratory in which features of developed and developing countries mix together. This country as a case-study of immigrant, pluralistic society underlines the importance of adopting a culturally-sensitive community intervention approach. The understanding of the subtle interplay between race/ethnic host and pathogen factors, including the role of gene variations and polymorphisms can pave the way for a personalized treatment and management of tuberculosis patients, contributing to the development of new tools for targeted tuberculosis therapeutics, immunodiagnostics and vaccination products.

Haitian and Cuban immigrants in Miami, Florida: are they more similar than they are different?

ABSTRACT There has been significant research done on the assimilation patterns of immigrants in the US, particularly immigrants of color. However, since fewer studies have focused on Afro-Caribbean and Cuban immigrants, this research extends the literature beyond its current scope by providing a comparative analysis of Haitian and Cuban immigrants, two immigrant groups in Miami, Florida, that have received very little attention comparatively regarding assimilation. Using data from approximately 100 Haitian and Cuban immigrants in and around Little Haiti and Little Havana, the research demonstrates that though both groups are racially and ethnically diverse, assimilation patterns do not prove to be distinctive. Interestingly, the results of this study will also show that for this sample of immigrants, their experiences are relatively similar economically, politically, and culturally. Further, findings challenge classical, segmented and new assimilation theories because they inadequately provide insight on the new wave of immigrants.

Making the government accountable: rethinking immigration as an issue in the European Union

ABSTRACT In the last decades, European countries have experienced two relevant waves of immigration. These ‘immigration shocks’ have contributed to increase dramatically public attention on immigration issues but also to structure political competition on both the supply and the demand side of democratic representation. While immigration issue has been traditionally conceived as a positional issue, the consensus among voters and the policy convergence of mainstream parties seem to resemble Stokes’ model and competition is on a valence issue instead of position issue. Therefore, the present paper analyses whether and to what extent voters punish incumbents for high levels of immigration. Using data from the European Election Study, the analysis confirms that while voters perceiving high levels of immigration punish incumbents, performance voting depends on individual-level attributes such as partisanship and salience, but also country-level factors like the government clarity of responsibility. Finally, immigration performance voting is not moderated by issue ownership. However, the perceived competence of parties to manage immigration reveals a direct and independent effect on incumbent vote intention.

Assessment of the Immigrants Integration Level in the New Member States of the EU in 2009–2018

Since the immigration wave in 2015, integration policies have been a broadly discussed topic. Although immigration itself can be potentially beneficial for the host country (social diversity, new labor force), these benefits are conditioned by successful integration process. This paper examines the level of immigrant integration in the New Member States of the EU in period 2009 to 2018 (Czechia, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Malta, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The paper uses five indicators for evaluation (activity rate, risk of poverty, tertiary education attainment, overcrowding rate, and health status). The results show overall high level of immigrant integration in the selected countries, especially in Hungary and Malta. The worst level of immigrant integration was assessed in Slovenia and Latvia. Integration into the healthcare system was found as the key problematic area of integration process. The level of immigrant integration from the third countries was relatively worse than the level of integration of immigrants born in the other EU28 country except for the reporting country. Furthermore, the results showed a huge heterogeneity in the degree of immigrant integration across selected countries.

Amic o enemic? Immigration and the Catalan Struggle for Independence

ABSTRACT Immigration has extended to regions with sub-state nationalist movements, such as Scotland, Friesland, the Basque Country and, as is the focus of this research, Catalonia. In a context of political upheaval in the region, this article aims to examine the impact of the successive waves of immigration to Catalonia on the modern independence movement. The respective status of the immigrant population in Catalonia is a major issue about which there is a divergence of opinion. This study approaches attitudes toward immigrants through the threat-benefit framework, which perceives immigrants as both threatening and beneficial for the receiving society. The data, gathered from six focus groups and ten narrative interviews, reveal a complexity of attitudes on the impact of immigration on the secessionist movement. Two themes emerge in the informants’ discussion: ‘Immigration: Rising Benefit’ and ‘(New) Immigration: (New) Challenge’. The comments of the respondents indicate that, against the backdrop of the independence process in the territory, there exists a range of views on the impact of the various waves of migration to Catalonia. This study suggests that a fuller understanding of the situation in the territory may be facilitated by qualitative approaches.