Wavelength-dependent Emission Research Articles

A 40-Year Time Series of Land Surface Emissivity Derived from AVHRR Sensors: A Fennoscandian Perspective

Accurate land surface temperature (LST) retrieval depends on precise knowledge of the land surface emissivity (LSE). Neglecting or inaccurately estimating the emissivity introduces substantial errors and uncertainty in LST measurements. The emissivity, which varies across different surfaces and land uses, reflects material composition and surface roughness. Satellite data offer a robust means to determine LSE at large scales. This study utilises the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index Threshold Method (NDVITHM) to produce a novel emissivity dataset spanning the last 40 years, specifically tailored for the Fennoscandian region, including Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Leveraging the long and continuous data series from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors aboard the NOAA and MetOp satellites, an emissivity dataset is generated for 1981–2022. This dataset incorporates snow-cover information, enabling the creation of annual emissivity time series that account for winter conditions. LSE time series were extracted for six 15 × 15 km study sites and compared against the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD11A2 LSE product. The intercomparison reveals that, while both datasets generally align, significant seasonal differences exist. These disparities are attributable to differences in spectral response functions and temporal resolutions, as well as the method considering fixed values employed to calculate the emissivity. This study presents, for the first time, a 40-year time series of the emissivity for AVHRR channels 4 and 5 in Fennoscandia, highlighting the seasonal variability, land-cover influences, and wavelength-dependent emissivity differences. This dataset provides a valuable resource for future research on long-term land surface temperature and emissivity (LST&E) trends, as well as land-cover changes in the region, particularly with the use of Sentinel-3 data and upcoming missions such as EUMETSAT’s MetOp Second Generation, scheduled for launch in 2025.

High Luminescent Carbon Dots Derived from Fermented Beverages for Sensitive Sensing of Tartrazine in Foods.

Highly luminescent carbon dots (CDs) derived from fermented beverages-kvass (K-CDs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method with ethylenediamine (EDA) as a surface passivation reagent. Purified K-CDs with a fluorescent quantum yield of 35.1% were obtained after a dialysis process. The K-CDs were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, XPS, fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that K-CDs possess typical excitation wavelength-dependent blue fluorescence emission, and the strongest excitation and emission wavelengths are 350nm and 440nm, respectively. The great spectral overlap between the emission peak (440nm) of K-CDs and the absorption peak (430nm) of tartrazine (TAR) leads to an effective fluorescence quenching phenomenon by TAR through inner filter effect (IFE) and the calculated (lg(I0/I)) showed a linear response to TAR concentration in the range of 0.1-70 µM. The detection limit of the developed method is 23 nM for TAR, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 3.9% (c = 10 µM, n = 7). The fluorescent sensor for TAR based on K-CDs through the IFE mechanism possesses the characteristics of rapid, sensitive, and high selectivity. It has been successfully applied to detect of trace TAR in foods.

Preparation and Application of a Sulfur-Doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Aggregation-Induced Emission Character.

As a new type of zero-dimensional nanomaterial, carbon dots are widely applied in various fields. However, most of the carbon dots have aggregation fluorescence quenching properties, which limited their practical applications. In this study, a novel sulfur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) was prepared by solvothermal method. The properties of the S-CDs in ethanol solution and in solid state were investigated respectively. The results showed that the S-CDs have an excited wavelength dependent emission of blue fluorescence in ethanol solution, and have orange fluorescence emission in solid state and composite films, indicating the prepared S-CDs has aggregation-induced emission (AIE) performance. The main reason was that the presence of S-S bonds and the intramolecular rotation of aromatic rings were limited in solid state, resulting in its emission of orange fluorescence. Furthermore, the S-CDs could be applied to identify fingerprints, anti-counterfeiting.

Revisiting the Dust Torus Size–Luminosity Relation Based on a Uniform Reverberation-mapping Analysis

We investigate the torus size–luminosity relation of Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on the reverberation-mapping analysis using the light curves of the optical continuum and the IR continuum obtained with the W1 and W2 bands of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer survey. The final sample consists of 446 and 416 AGNs, respectively, for W1- and W2-band light curves, covering a large dynamic range of bolometric luminosity from 1043.4 to 1047.6 erg s−1, which show reliable lag measurements based on our quality assessment analysis. After correcting for the accretion disk contamination in the observed IR flux, we constrain the torus size (R dust) and AGN bolometric luminosity (L bol) relationship with the best-fit slope of 0.39 (0.33) for the W1 (W2) band, which is shallower than expected from the dust radiation equilibrium model. By combining the previous K-band lag measurements, we find that the measured torus size depends on the observed wavelength of the dust radiation, as R dust,K : R dust,W1: R dust,W2 = 1.0:1.5:1.8 (R dust ∝ λ 0.80) at L bol = 1046 erg s−1, confirming a stratified structure of the torus, where wavelength-dependent emissions originate from distinct regions of the torus. By investigating the deviation from the best-fit torus size–luminosity relation, we find a moderate correlation between the offset from the R dust–L bol relation and Eddington ratio. This suggests a possible influence of the Eddington ratio on the observed flattening of the R dust–L bol relationship.

Spectral properties of transverse Laguerre-Gauss modes in parametric down-conversion

The first color photos of the parametric down-conversion (PDC) emission cone illustrate the correlation of longitudinal and transverse momentum in the process, i.e., wavelength-dependent emission angles of PDC photons. However, current experiments and applications are more conveniently described in terms of discrete mode sets, with the most suitable choice depending on the propagation symmetries of the experimental setting. Remarkably, despite the fact that experiments with PDC sources are becoming ever more demanding, e.g., in terms of brightness or state fidelity, a description of spectral-spatial coupling in parametric down-conversion for the case of discrete modal decompositions remains elusive. We present a comprehensive study, in theory and experiment, of the spectral dependence of the transverse Laguerre-Gauss modes in parametric down-conversion. Moreover, we show how the spectral and spatial coupling can be harnessed to tune the purity of the well-known orbital angular momentum entanglement. This paper has implications for efficient collection of entangled photons in a transverse single mode, quantum imaging, and engineering pure states for high-dimensional quantum information processing. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

One-step synthesis of orange-red emissive carbon dots: photophysical insight into their excitation wavelength-independent and dependent luminescence.

A low-temperature method was developed to synthesize orange-red luminescence phosphor-doped carbon dots (CDs) without complicated purification procedures. These CDs showed excitation wavelength-independent narrow emission (photo-luminescence quantum yield, Φf ∼ 12 to 22%) with single exponential time-resolved decay in weakly polar/non-polar solvents, indicating the presence of one kind of chromophore. In contrast, the same CDs showed excitation wavelength-dependent broad emission (Φf ∼ 1 to 8%) with multi-exponential fluorescence decay in polar solvents. These CDs exhibited poor solubility in polar solvents, resulting in CD aggregates contributed by excitation wavelength-dependent weak luminescence. The CDs embedded in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer film displayed bright orange-red fluorescence under UV 365 nm illumination, indicating their potential application in solid-state luminescence. Further, an analytical method was developed for the naked-eye detection of trifluoracetic acid (red emission) and triethylamine (green emission) under UV 365 nm illumination with reversible two switch-mode luminescence. Additionally, this efficient orange-red luminescence of CDs was utilized for possible bioimaging applications with negligible cytotoxicity in 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells.

Fe3+-induced luminescence quenching in carbon dots - mechanism unveiled.

Carbon dot (CD)-based fluorimetric sensors have attracted immense attention for the detection of metal ions. Among the available works in this direction, more than 70% of the studies reported the detection of Fe3+ through luminescence quenching. Ferric ions are significant species from environmental and biological point of view. Excited-state electron transfer from carbon dots to ferric ions is suggested as the reason for the luminescence quenching. However, to date, no solid proof was provided to demonstrate this electron transfer process. Herein, N-doped blue luminescent carbon dots prepared via hydrothermal carbonization are used to demonstrate the exact mechanism operating in the above-mentioned detection strategy. The carbon dots possessed an average size of 4.9 nm, and exhibited good aqueous solubility as well as an excitation wavelength-dependent emission. Fe3+-mediated luminescence quenching was quantitatively achieved at the micromolar level, with a detection limit of 1.426 μM. The CD-mediated reduction of ferric ions is confirmed by spectral analysis. Fe3+-induced luminescence quenching was partially restored in the presence of ascorbic acid, enabling the sub-micromolar level monitoring of this analyte, with the lowest detection amount of 276 nM. Turnbull's blue method is adopted for confirming the reducing role of ascorbic acid, which eventually increased the luminescence of the system, evoking a turn-on response.

Yellow Emissive CsCu2I3 Nanocrystals Induced by Mn2+ for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging.

Recently, low-dimensional copper(I)-based perovskite or derivatives have gained extensive attention in scintillator applications because of their environmental friendliness and good stabilities. However, the unsatisfactory scintillation performance and complex fabrication processes hindered their practical applications. Herein, efficient yellow emissive CsCu2I3 nanocrystals (NCs) were successfully prepared via a simple Mn2+-assisted hot-injection method. The added Mn2+ effectively induced the phase transformation from Cs3Cu2I5 to CsCu2I3, leading to the preparation of single-phase CsCu2I3 NCs with few defects and a high fluorescence performance. The as-prepared "optimal CsCu2I3 NCs" exhibited superior photoluminescence (PL) performance with a record-high PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 61.9%. The excellent fluorescence originated from the radiative recombination of strongly localized one-dimension (1D) self-trapped excitons (STEs), which was systematically investigated via the wavelength-dependent PL excitation, PL emission, and temperature-dependent PL spectra. These CsCu2I3 NCs also exhibited outstanding X-ray scintillation properties with a high light yield (32000 photons MeV-1) and an ultralow detection limit (80.2 nGyair s-1). Eventually, the CsCu2I3 NCs scintillator film achieved an ultrahigh (16.6 lp mm-1) spatial resolution in X-ray imaging. The CsCu2I3 NCs also exhibited good stabilities against X-ray irradiation, heat, and environmental storage, indicating their great application potential in flexible X-ray detection and imaging.

Study of morphological, elemental, optical and excitation wavelength dependent red photoluminescence in Eu3+ doped Li2SrSiO4 for solid state lighting

A comprehensive investigation of Eu3+ doped Li2SrSiO4 phosphors synthesized via the solid-state reaction method was conducted. XRD confirmed the crystalline phase and SEM along with and its 3D projection's observations confirmed that the phosphor particles were in the micro meter size range, indicating their suitability for applications in primary phosphor-converted LEDs. FTIR spectroscopy elucidated vibrational characteristics, while TGA, EDX and XPS analysed thermal stability, elemental composition and valence states respectively. Doping-induced band gap increase was attributed to the Moss-Burstein effect. Photoluminescence excitation studies revealed enhanced absorption at 394 nm compared to the charge transfer transition band (CTB) at 254 nm, aligning with industry-standard near-ultraviolet chips. XPS suggested two distinct Eu3+ sites in the LSS crystal, corroborated by excitation wavelength-dependent PL emission. As a result of excitation wavelengths, the magnetic-dipole transition (5D0 → 7F1) at 592 nm, the electric-dipole transition (5D0 → 7F2) at 615 nm and the induced electric-dipole transition ((5D0 → 7F3,4) at 650 and 700 nm arose. Additionally, the phosphor gave an improved conversion efficiency at 2% Eu doping. Low synthesis temperature, micro-sized particles, thermal stable, short lifetime, excitation bands at near UV to blue region, colour tunability, lower CCT, LER and similar CIE to available red phosphors are the key factors for the Li2SrSiO4:Eu3+ proving reliable red phosphor for solid state lighting.

Machine learning predicted emission of water-stable CdTe quantum dots

Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted much attention and exhibit many attractive properties, including high absorption coefficient, adjustable bandgap, high brightness, long-term stability, and size-dependent emission. It is known that to obtain high-quality luminescent properties (i.e. emission color, color purity, quantum yield, and stability), the synthesis parameters must be precisely controlled. In this work, we have constructed a database with CdTe aqueous synthesis parameters and spectroscopic results and applied machine learning algorithms to better understand the influence of the main synthesis parameters of CdTe QDs on their final emission properties. A strong dependence of the final emission wavelength with the reaction time and surface ligands and precursors concentrations was demonstrated. These parameters adjusted synchronously were shown to be very useful for provide ideal synthesis conditions for the preparation of CdTe QDs with desirable emission wavelengths. Moreover, applying the algorithms correctly allows for obtaining information and insights into the growth kinetics of QDs under different synthetic conditions.

Multiple evidences for molecular level heterogeneity in a non-ionic biocatalytic deep eutectic solvent

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new-generation solvents with exquisite and tuneable properties. Molecular-level heterogeneity has been identified as an intriguing feature of such solvents. Herein, we examined the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of a potential non-ionic biocatalytic DES, acetamide/urea/sorbitol (0.5Ac/0.3Ur/0.2Sor), and compared the result with corresponding binary acetamide/urea (0.6Ac/0.4Ur) DES, and another related non-ionic ternary DES (0.55Ac/0.36Ur/0.09PEG). The effect of the addition of a third component on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of a DES was investigated. The excitation wavelength-dependent emission measurement suggests an induction of spatial heterogeneity in acetamide/urea/sorbitol compared to spatially homogenous acetamide/urea and acetamide/urea/PEG. The dynamic heterogeneity measurements in terms of solvation dynamics, dielectric relaxation, and rotational/translational diffusion indicate a length and timescale dependency. Overall, acetamide/urea/sorbitol is found to be dynamically more heterogenous than the other two related DESs.

Host Surface-Induced Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Organic Afterglow.

The design and construction of organic afterglow materials is an attractive but formidably challenging task due to the low intersystem crossing efficiency and nonradiative decay. Here, we developed a host surface-induced strategy to achieve excitation wavelength-dependent (Ex-De) afterglow emission through a facile dropping process. The prepared PCz@dimethyl terephthalate (DTT)@paper system exhibits a room-temperature phosphorescence afterglow, with the lifetime up to 1077.1 ± 15 ms and duration time exceeding 6 s under ambient conditions. Furthermore, we can switch the afterglow emission on and off by adjusting the excitation wavelength below or above 300 nm, showing a remarkable Ex-De behavior. Spectral analysis demonstrated that the afterglow originates from the phosphorescence of PCz@DTT assemblies. The stepwise preparation process and detailed experiments (XRD, 1H NMR, and FT-IR analysis) proved the presence of strong intermolecular interactions between the carbonyl groups on the surface of DTT and the entire frame of PCz, which can inhibit the nonradiative processes of PCz to achieve afterglow emission. Theoretical calculations further manifested that DTT geometry alteration under different excitation beams is the main reason for the Ex-De afterglow. This work discloses an effective strategy for constructing smart Ex-De afterglow systems that can be fully exploited in a range of fields.

Pyridinic-N-rich carbon dots in IFE-based Turn-off Fluorometric detection of nerve agent Mimic- Diethyl chlorophosphate and multicolor cell imaging.

Fluorometric sensors for the detection of nerve agent mimics have received a lot of interest nowadays due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, ease of operation, and real-time monitoring. Pyridinic-N-rich carbon dots (NCDs) prepared through microwave-assisted pyrolysis of l-Malic acid and urea have been explored first time in this work as a novel turn-off fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), a nerve agent mimic. The as-prepared carbon dots contained a large amount of pyridinic nitrogen on their surface, which can modulate the photoluminescence properties of the NCDs. The blue emissive NCDs possessed both excitation wavelength-dependent and independent emission behavior. The detection of DCP was premised on quenching of the fluorescence emission intensity of NCDs in the presence of similar chemical reagents (e.g., trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphonoacetate, triphenyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate). Fluorescence quenching of the NCDs in the presence of DCP has been attributed to the inner filter effect (IFE). From the linear Stern-Volmer plot (R2=0.9992), the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 84μM for sensing DCP for the concentration ranging between 3 and 15mM. The biocompatibility of NCDs was assessed through cytotoxicity assay on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that NCDs have low cytotoxicity and can be employed successfully in cell imaging.

A novel multifunctional double perovskite structure phosphor La2MgTiO6:Mn4+, Eu3+

A series of La2MgTiO6: Mn4+ and La2MgTiO6: Mn4+, Eu3+ phosphors were prepared by high-temperature solid-phase method. The emission spectra of La2MgTiO6: Mn4+, Eu3+ phosphor samples under 328 nm excitation overlap with the absorbing regions of plant phytochromes PR and PFR in the far red and near infrared double wavelength range. The temperature-dependent and wavelength-dependent emission spectra show that the two distinguishable emission peaks of Eu3+ and Mn4+ exhibit clearly different temperature and wavelength responses. Thus, dual-emission optical sensing based on changes in the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR) of Mn4+ and Eu3+ ions, the relative sensitivity of wavelength detection in the range of 288–348 nm maxima is 8.13% nm−1 at 288 nm, and relative sensitivity of optical temperature sensing in the range of 298–498 K maxima is 2.09% K−1 at 498 K, In this study, La2MgTiO6: Mn4+, Eu3+ phosphor samples with very promising optical properties can provide the possibility of application in multiple fields.

Excitation wavelength-dependent ultrafast THz emission from surface and bulk of three-dimensional topological insulators

Three-dimensional topological insulators possess various interesting properties that are promising for various modern applications, including in the recently emerging fields of ultrafast THz photonics and spintronics. Their gapless spin-momentum-locked topological surface states with the presence of chiral spin structure are relevant for the development of light helicity-sensitive THz emitters and detectors. In this paper, we report femtosecond excitation pulse wavelength and helicity-dependent response of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 for an enhanced broadband THz pulse emission from the surface and bulk states. Specifically, the excitation wavelength has been varied in a large range from near UV to near IR, where it was observed that the photoexcitation at shorter wavelengths enhances the THz emission from both the surface and bulk states but more rapidly from the surface states. These results will be highly relevant for developing chirality-sensitive efficient THz emitters and detectors.

Excitation wavelength dependent photon emission and phase change probing in CsPbBr3 quantum dots

Inorganic lead halide perovskites such as CsPbBr3 exhibit tremendous potential for use in optoelectronic and radiation detection devices. This experimental work on CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots (QD) seeks to explore and report on the physics behind their response to photoexcitation using two different laser wavelengths. One of the excitation wavelengths photoexcites the electron deeper into the conduction band while the other slightly above the reported bandgap. Photoluminescence spectra from the sample show a contrasting behavior, both in terms of emission wavelengths and probing of the widely known phase change behavior in these material systems. While the former is tentatively attributed to what the dominant structural phase is, we speculate that the latter is due to a change in the energy band structure (with a corresponding change in optical transitions) of the system as it transitions from an orthorhombic phase to a tetragonal one.

Insight into the differences in carbon dots prepared from fish scales using conventional hydrothermal and microwave methods.

The preparation of carbon dots (CDs) from waste fish scales is an attractive and high-value transformation. In this study, fish scales were used as a precursor to prepare CDs, and the effects of hydrothermal and microwave methods on their fluorescence properties and structures were evaluated. The microwave method was more conducive to the self-doping of nitrogen due to rapid and uniform heating. However, the low temperature associated with the microwave method resulted in insufficient dissolution of the organic matter in the fish scales, resulting in incomplete dehydration and condensation and the formation of nanosheet-like CDs, whose emission behavior had no significant correlation with excitation. Although the CDs prepared using the conventional hydrothermal method showed lower nitrogen doping, the relative pyrrolic nitrogen content was higher, which was beneficial in improving their quantum yield. Additionally, the controllable high temperature and sealed environment used in the conventional hydrothermal method promoted dehydration and condensation of the organic matter in the fish scales to form CDs with a higher degree of carbonization, uniform size, and higher C = O/COOH content. CDs prepared using the conventional hydrothermal method exhibited higher quantum yields and excitation wavelength-dependent emission behavior.

Iridium nanoclusters for highly efficient p-nitroaniline fluorescence sensor

A facile strategy was proposed for the preparation of two fluorescent iridium nanoclusters of IrNCs-1 and IrNCs-2 by heating IrCl3 in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and N-Methylformanilide (MFA), respectively. The DMA and MFA are amide compounds and contain electron-rich oxygen and nitrogen atoms. They can be used as electron donors and a fraction of electron charge was transferred to Ir atom to form ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) complexes. The Ir atoms can be stabilized in LMCT complexes via accepting and localizing the electron density. These LMCT complexes with excellent fluorescent property were defined as the IrNCs. They exhibited obvious excitation wavelength-dependent emission behavior. The emission bands of two IrNCs showed red-shifting with the increasing of excitation wavelength based on the effect of “inhomogeneous broadening”. The IrNCs-1 possessed concentration-dependent emission behavior. With the decreasing of IrNCs-1 concentrations, the fluorescence spectra showed remarkable blue-shifting due to the destruction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between IrNCs-1. In the presence of p-nitroaniline (p-NA), the fluorescence of IrNCs-1 was significantly quenched and the fluorescence bands red-shifted strongly. According to the Stern-Volmer quenching behavior under different reaction temperature and absorbance spectra of IrNCs-1 in the presence and absence of p-NA, the dynamic quenching mechanism was included. Based on these findings, the fluorescence sensor for p-NA determination was developed with the linear range of 0.1–40 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nM. The proposed sensor was successfully applied in the p-NA determination of tap water and lake water samples, suggesting that the novel IrNCs will be a promising candidate as a luminescence sensor.

Dual-emissive waste oil based S-doped carbon dots for acetone detection and Cr(VI) detection/reduction/removal

Dual-emissive water-dispersible sulfur-doped carbon dots (S-CDs) were prepared through simple heat treatment of canola oil as a carbon source. The S-CDs revealed excitation wavelength-dependent and independent emission band in UV (327 nm) and the visible region (633 nm), respectively. The fluorescent S-CDs ranged from 4 to 9 nm in size and exhibited selectivity and linear “turn-off” fluorescence in the presence of Cr(VI) and acetone, making them potential nanosensors for their detection. Concentration-dependent red-shift of the S-CDs emission spectrum was observed in the presence of acetone, via incremental quenching of the peaks at 327 nm and 633 nm, accompanied by an emergence of new peak at adjacent higher wavelength. Linearity was observed in the range of 0.01–0.08 vol%, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 vol%. The nanoprobe was tested in spiked tap and river water for Cr(VI) along with acetone detection assays in spiked human urine and phosphate buffer solution. XPS analysis revealed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the presence of S-CDs, a less toxic form. In addition to the optical detection, fluorescent probes incorporated into poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix could be used for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from the contaminated water. Hence, the proposed S-CDs have potential applications as highly sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and environmental friendly sensors of acetone and Cr(VI), as well as for developing tools for the reduction and removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated water.

Clusterization-triggered emission of poly(vinyl amine)-based ampholytic block and random copolymers

Nonconventional stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers without aromatic units have garnered considerable attention. In this study, luminescent ampholytic block copolymer (BCP) and random copolymer (RCP) consisting of nonconjugated vinyl amine (VAm) and N-acryloyl-L-threonine (AThrOH) were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and subsequent deprotection. The ampholytic BCP and RCP display concentration-enhanced emissions, which are apparently higher than those of the VAm homopolymer and polyion complex, and wavelength-dependent emissions, thus validating clusterization-triggered emission (CTE). The intrinsic photoluminescence properties of the primary amine-containing ampholytic copolymers and corresponding polyion complexes were investigated in aqueous solution in response to the change in pH. Two noncovalent interactions, which involve electrostatic interactions between cationic VAm and anionic AThrOH units and hydrogen bonds (e.g., the amino group in VAm/hydroxyl and amide groups in AThrOH), contribute to the achievement of unique self-assembled structures and stimuli-responsive and fluorescent properties of VAm-containing BCP and RCP, which were verified by dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, and fluorescence measurements. The ability of the copolymers to form clusterized states of the VAm unit can be governed by the comonomer sequence and external stimuli (e.g., pH change, the addition of salt and urea), leading to the manipulation of the assembled structures with CTE features.