Water Resources In Ukraine Research Articles

Structure of payments for the use of resources and services of aquatic ecosystems

The importance of developing and optimizing the structure of a modern payment system, which will facilitate not only the accumulation of these funds in the budget, but also to make relevant management decisionson their allocation for conservation measures and restoration of lost aquatic ecosystem functions was demonstrated. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is the key concepts of modern economic theory, economics of environmental management and sustainable development, international ecosystem ecosystem accounting, institutional and neo-institutional theories related to the problem of scientific substantiation of payments for the use of resources and services of aquatic ecosystems. The key elements of the structure of payments for the use of water resources in Ukraine (rent for special water use, environmental tax for discharges of pollutants into water bodies, rent for water bodies, fines) are studied and analytical evaluation of these taxes were studied and performed their analytical evaluation. The main factors of low efficiency of payments for the use of aquatic ecosystem resources are identified. It is proposed scientific concepts to optimize the structure of payments for the use of resources and services of aquatic ecosystems taking into account the best models of international experience. Attention was focused on the necceserity of the creation in Ukraine a special extra-budgetary National Environmental Fund of Water Resources in the form of a legal entity, similar to the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poland, with the aim of accumulating payments for water ecosystem services and introducing tools to stimulate and support water protection measures. Perspectives for further research on this issue, in particular, with regard to the formation of a comprehensive strategic ecosystem approach to the introduction of payments for the use of resources and services of aquatic ecosystems, development of modern methodological approaches to assessing the services of aquatic ecosystems and formation of an optimal structure of payments for the use of water resources, taking into account their functional characteristics were identified.

Justification of decisions regarding the water supply to the population in the mining regions in the conditions of local resources insufficiency

The issue of the possibility of providing the population with water through the available resources of mine/quarry water formed during the extraction of minerals is considered. The authors show that there is an insufficient level of local water resources in Ukraine. The situation is especially negative in industrialized regions with high water consumption. However, in these regions, the mining industry is widely developed, and their activity is accompanied by a different level of mine workings watering. Today, mine/quarry waters are pumped out and, after sedimentation, discharged into the hydrographic network, polluting it. It is shown that the most rational is to collect, purify and use mine water. The methods of mathematical statistics were used in this work: correlation-regression and dispersion analyses, which were used to analyze data from 10 mines in the city of Kryvyi Rih over a five-year period. The annual level of water inflows, the depth of deposit development, volumes of ore extraction, areas of license areas, geological characteristics of ore deposits, etc. were analyzed. A noticeable correlation was established only between the levels of water inflows and the depth of deposit development and volumes of ore extraction. Therefore, further the multifactorial analysis of these factors was performed. During the preliminary analysis, it was established that there is a powerful dyke between the Frunze and Pokrovska mines, and the mines located on different sides of this dyke often differ in terms of water inflows. Because of this, the northern and southern groups of mines were chosen, the data for which were processed separately. The relationship between water inflows, the depth of deposit development and production volumes was analyzed according to linear and various non-linear dependencies. The exponential dependence of water inflows on the depth of deposit development and the logarithmic dependence on the volumes of extraction show the highest correlation coefficient (0.83–0.86). According to the dependencies given in the article, it is recommended to determine forecasting water inflows for the design of mine water treatment systems for drinking water supply. In the article, a general technological scheme with separate collection, sedimentation and treatment of mine waters is proposed. For the conditions of Kryvyi Rih, this will cover almost half of the population's water consumption. Keywords: water resources, mine waters, discharge, regularities, water supply, treatment.

УКРАЇНСЬКО-ШВЕЙЦАРСЬКА МОДЕЛЬ СПІВПРАЦІ У СФЕРІ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ВОДНИХ РЕСУРСІВ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ НИМИ В УМОВАХ ЗМІНИ КЛІМАТУ ТА ПІДВИЩЕНОГО АНТРОПОГЕННОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ

The article focuses on the fact that, taking into account the dynamics of population growth in the world, climate changes, natural disasters, irrational use of nature, significant anthropo-technogenic load on the hydrosphere, in the near future humanity will experience a gradual increase in the shortage of water resources, thanks to which the functioning of the economy and the satisfaction of the needs of the population are ensured in quality drinking water.The purpose of the article is to assess the possibilities of expanding Ukrainian-Swiss cooperation in the management of water resources in the conditions of climate change and significant anthropogenic load, and to develop directions for improving water resources management to ensure the country's water security, taking into account the influence of factors that cause the depletion of water resources.Effectively form and implement programs of economic, ecological and social development are capable only of those countries that conduct effective biopolitics, the basic parameters of which are the proper water supply of the population. Due to the growing anthropogenic load on water resources, their total volume in Ukraine is gradually decreasing, and the quality may deteriorate. Under suchconditions, not only the preservation of water resources, but also the formation of a strategic water supply becomes particularly important.Systematized factors causing the depletion of water resources and the reduction of supplies of high-quality drinking water. An assessment of the provision of water resources in Ukraine and Switzer-land was carried out, as well as the peculiarities of their integrated management in these countries. The possibilities of introducing the Swiss experience of water use and water resources management into domestic practice are assessedIn order to solve the problems of preserving water resources and maintaining the water security of the country according to the Swiss model, Ukraine needs joint actions of the authorities, business and the public, which will allow the formation of a national water resources management strategy, a clear divi-sion of responsibility for financing tasks in the field of water supply between state and local authorities.It is necessary to constantly monitor the technical condition and capacities of water management facilities, take into account the needs of the population for high-quality drinking water in the regions of the country as much as possible, and protect water resources from depletion and pollution.

КІЛЬКІСНИЙ ДИНАМІЗМ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ХІМІЧНОГО СКЛАДУ ЯК МАРКЕР ЯКІСНОЇ ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЇ ПІДЗЕМНИХ ВОД (НА ПРИКЛАДІ СИНИЧАНСЬКОГО ВОДОЗАБОРУ)

The article presents the physical and geographical characteristics of the Synychan water intake section of the Izium water intake, which is located 8 km southeast of the city of Izium, Kharkiv region. Hydrogeological features of aquifers operated by 4 wells are considered. Geomorphological features of the studied territory are analyzed. Aspects of the geological structure of the site are also reflected. The analysis of indicators of chemical composition of underground waters of the Synychan water intake site since 2003 is presented. Among the most relevant to the task of chemical compounds, the values of nitrates, chlorides and sulfates content, as well as data on total hardness and mineralization were selected. An increase in performance is observed in all wells. The intensity of the increase is different for each production well and the corresponding chemical compound. This indicates at least the heterogeneity of influencing factors and processes occurring in the aquifers of this water intake area. Among such factors and processes, taking into account the shallow depths of wells, we can consider the technogenesis. Since Synychan water intake is used to supply a significant number of residential areas of Izyum, a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the presented data is appropriate. The study of the dynamics of the distribution of chemical indicators of groundwater composition over different periods using mathematical and graphical methods will not only allow to inductively study the dynamics in previous years, but also quantitatively predict future trends in water composition of interstratal aquifers in the region. Considering the growing and growing shortage of quality water resources in Ukraine, the analysis of data from water intake areas of Izyum can give a representative picture of the real local situation in the field of water management, hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of Izyum district in general and town of Izyum in particular.

Quantitative and qualitative indicators of natural and waste waters in the Dnipro basin

Analysis of the state of water resources in Ukraine provides an opportunity to improve the ecological situation on the basis of hydrographic and water management zoning using the latest methodological approaches and technologies for constructing the water balance of the basin areas. The aim of the research is to establish patterns of change in the quality indicators of the country's water resources in the largest basin of the Dnipro River. The study was carried out on the basis of an assessment of indicators for monitoring changes in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of water resources in the Dnipro basin in 2016-2021.A decrease in the Dnipro runoff was recorded: the average long-term natural runoff at the mouth is 53.3 km3, and the actual runoff is about 11 km3 (20%) less than the natural runoff. A decrease in the quantitative indicators of water intake from the Dnipro basin in 7365 million m3, a decrease in the quantity (up to 547.1 million m3) and a deterioration in the quality of return water and the general state of water resources in the basin from the northwest to the southeast. The measurements’ results of the indicators of the waters’ qualitative state in the reservoirs and the main watercourses of the basin at the locations of the monitoring points indicate that the norms are exceeded by a multiplicity of more than 5 times, including in terms of BOD and COD, which reflect the intensity of pollution of water bodies with easily oxidizing and difficult oxidizing organic compounds. The screening of pollutants revealed the content of pesticides, drugs, antidepressants, heavy metals-carcinogens in the Dnipro water, which makes it possible to investigate the problems with water resources, taking into account the specifics of the river basin. Such an assessment shows that climate change and industrial enterprises, as notable anthropogenic component, are significant factors affecting water resources. This indicates the importance of the direction of the policy of state regulation on water monitoring, the introduction of an irrigation and drainage strategy, the construction of centralized water supply and sanitation systems and strict control over the indicators of wastewater discharge.

Information system of decision making support for sustainable natural resource management and environmental safety

An approach to the integration of data on man-caused impact and environmental situation within the system of information support for decision-making in the area of environmental management and territorial environmental safety was proposed. A method to calculate the coefficient of dynamic correlation of elements of multi-parameter systems was developed. It expands the possibilities of Pearson's correlation linear analysis by introducing the possibility to study the change of correlation coefficients by the "window" approach. The program implementation of the developed methodology and its approbation with the use of data on the ecological condition of water resources in Ukraine, in particular, in the territories of Rivne and Chernivtsi regions was performed. As part of the integration of contact and remote methods of obtaining environmental information, the thematic analysis of space images of Ukrainian Polissya region with the subsequent localization of places of unauthorized amber mining. The realization model of ecological decisions information support system based on the integrated geographic information platform of regional level was proposed. Elements of the system should include, in particular, such components as the collection of heterogeneous environmental information by contact and remote methods, interpretation of monitoring data, evidence-based determination and ranking man-caused impact key factors within relevant geomodels development, assessment and classification scales and the level of man-caused impact on the environment with the subsequent formation of a system of recommendations for management, which makes decisions in the area of nature management and environmental safety.

Effective economic growth under conditions of regional water management dependence

Purpose. The purpose of the article is an identifying the impact of regional water management dependence on economic growth in the region.
 Methodology / approach. The subject of the study is theoretical and methodological basics of a new scientific paradigm for regulation the development of the regional socio-economic systems under the conditions of limited water resources. The study used traditional and special research methods, including: historical and logical – to analyze the evolution of regional socio-economic systems under conditions of limited water resources; abstractions and analogies – to reveal the essence of water-efficient regional socio-economic systems in the modern processes of regionalization and globalization; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis – to specify the categorical apparatus; statistical analysis to assess the level of needs of regional socio-economic systems in water resources and create an index of regional water management dependence; method of correlation analysis (biserial correlation, using a point biserial Pearson’s correlation coefficient).
 Results. The main idea of the paper is to study the issues of development of regional socio-economic systems under the conditions of limited water resources. Considering this, the paper is aimed at studying the impact of regional water management dependence on economic growth in the region. The tasks for development of regional socio-economic systems on the basis of water efficiency are defined, as well as the concept “water-efficient regional socio-economic system” is defined. The study presents a hypothesis about the need to change the paradigm of regulation of regional development on the basis of water use efficiency and regional water management dependence. In order to trade effectively with the main crops, it is necessary to determine whether there are sufficient water supplies in a given country and its regions. For this purpose, the authors proposes to use own indicator, such as the index of regional water management dependence. Thе characteristic of water management dependence is given, from regions where only up to half of the water supply of the territory is used, and to regions where more than 100 % of the water supply of the territory is used. The research has updated that the expansion of knowledge and understanding of the specifics of the water sector can solve significant problems. It is proved that the economic growth of the Ukrainian economy due to the agricultural sector has its limits and is limited by the water management dependence of the territories, ie the limitation of certain territories of the regions of Ukraine in terms of water resources. The next effective economic growth is possible only through the implementation of water-efficient technologies and intensification of water-efficient activities in the region.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The study for the first time defines the concept of water-efficient regional socio-economic system, so it is a socio-economic system that provides for the restoration of water resources in the region, reducing the water intensity of gross regional product (GRP) and approaching European norms and proposes the classification of regions according to the index of regional water management dependence on the basis of its threshold values. A scientific and methodological approach to assessing the level of needs of regional socio-economic systems in water resources has been improved, based on the application of the index of regional water management dependence, which is proposed to calculate the ratio of total fresh water use in the region to the volume of available river runoff in the region (parts of the water potential). The classification of regional socio-economic systems according to the level of water supply has been improved, which is based on the definition of threshold values of the index of regional water management dependence. The methodological bases for assessing the impact of the spatial economy on regional development under conditions of limited water resources have been improved, which differ in substantiating the dependence of the level of development of regions on the available water potential of the territory.
 Practical value / implications. The results of the study allow a more comprehensive approach to the study of the problem of using water resources in Ukraine in the context of their limitation. The results of the study showed that the economic complex in most regions is water-intensive and unbalanced, as well as does not provide restoration of water resources by environmental parameters and requires the implementation of infrastructure schemes for redistribution of water resources between regions for economic activity. The results are recommended for consideration by local governments and regional administration for the development and implementation of “Regional programs for the development of water management in the region” and for the development of “Strategies for regional development until 2025–2027”.

СТВОРЕННЯ КОМПОЗИТНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НА ОСНОВІ ВІДВАЛЬНИХ МАС ТА ДОННИХ ВІДКЛАДЕНЬ

Introduction. The coal industry is a supplier of a large mass of waste. In Ukraine, more than 1,000 waste heaps have been formed, the number of which is increasing every year. Waste heaps pollute the environment and can have a toxic effect on its condition. Such objects occupy areas of fertile land, pollute the atmosphere, water resources and flora. Problem Statement. The active work of the coal industry has led to the accumulation of large amounts of waste rock. Dumps occupy large areas of land, can pollute the atmosphere during combustion, emitting more than 500 thousand tons of harmful substances. The use of mine rock today is quite low, although such vivals can be considered as a valuable raw material resource. The waste rock has high filtration rates, for effective use it is necessary to be able to regulate the characteristics of the substance created on the basis of the rock. At the same time, water resources in Ukraine are in a difficult situation due to the development of blue-green algae, which causes the accumulation of a large amount of silty masses. Purpose. Creation of composite soils by a combination of empty mine rock and silty masses that will allow their effective use in various spheres of activity. Physico-chemical characteristics of such soils can be adjusted depending on the given conditions. Materials and methods. A comprehensive approach was used in the work, which includes a critical analysis of literature sources, a study of the characteristics of waste heaps of the coal industry, silty masses from reservoirs. Results. As a result of studying and analyzing the literature, it was found that composite soils can help solve a number of current problems. These include: the use of composites as a basis for roads, provided that the composites act as waterproofing; the use of composites to improve agricultural land, by improving soil properties. Conclusions. It is set that creation of composite soils positively will affect the state of environment and economy of country. Composites will allow the effective use of substances that are currently considered waste. This will reduce the amount of industrial waste, as well as solve a number of problems, such as erosion and degradation of agricultural land and asphalt defects. Keywords: mine dumps, coal industry, pollution, silty masses, composite soils.

ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ВИДОБУТКУ ПІДЗЕМНИХ ВОД ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОТРЕБ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЧАСТИН

The article highlights the legal aspects of groundwater regulation to meet the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The general tendencies of groundwater extraction to meet the needs of military units as components of national security and defense of Ukraine are considered and revealed. Given the insufficient resource provision, inefficient environmental monitoring system and inefficient use of resources in the security and defense sector, the issue of legal regulation of groundwater extraction processes to meet the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine as components of national security and defense of Ukraine is quite relevant and in demand. Currently, the issue of providing water to remote military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine that do not have the ability to connect to a centralized water supply system and are forced to use wells to meet water supply needs is relevant. Analyzing the state of legal regulation of groundwater extraction processes to meet the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, we note that there are a number of issues that are not regulated by the legislation of Ukraine, there are regulations that contain conflict rules. Achieving a balance of social, environmental and economic interests of military units as components of national security and defense of Ukraine, related to rational and balanced water consumption and water use, is one of the priority areas in improving mechanisms for state regulation of water resources in Ukraine. The means of implementing this direction is the development and implementation of coordinated and interconnected legislative, regulatory, organizational, economic, environmental and technical projects and measures to improve the quality of water resources, their rational and environmentally safe use, balancing economic water needs with resources and environmental opportunities water resource potential.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВОДНИХ РЕСУРСІВ УКРАЇНИ НА ОСНОВІ БАЗИ ДАНИХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ FAO-AQUASTAT

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN FAO) has the most advanced information on water resources in all countries of the world, since the share of the agriculture sector in world water use is 70%. It operates the FAO Global Information System on Water and Agriculture (abbreviated as FAO Aquastat). The data contained in this database comes from the relevant government bodies of the countries of the world (reports, publications, official websites), from information bases of other UN agencies or international organizations (UN WHO – World Health Organization; UN FPA – United Nations Population Fund; ICOLD – International Commission on Large Dams) or obtained by modeling. The Water Resources section of the FAO global information system contains about 40 indicators. The database is filled with the average values of indicators for the segments of years: 1988-1992; 1993-1997; 1998-2002; 2003-2007; 20008-2012; 2013-2017. The assessment of water resources carried out in the article based on the database of the global information system FAO Aquastat (1988-2017). showed the following results in Ukraine: internal river flow – 50.1 km3; inflow from adjacent territories – 120.2 km3; total river runoff – 170.3 km3; available groundwater reserves – 5 km3; internal renewable water resources – 55.1 km3; total renewable water resources – 175.3 km3. In terms of total renewable water resources per person (3964 m3/person/year) among 50 European countries as of 2017, Ukraine ranked 27th. In terms of internal renewable water resources per person (1246 m3/person/year), Ukraine ranked 37th in Europe. In terms of total renewable water resources (175.3 km3), Ukraine ranked 6th in Europe. In terms of the volume of internal renewable water resources (55.1 km3), Ukraine ranked 14th. Ukraine has a high coefficient of external dependence of water resources (Кз = 66.8%), which characterizes the share of total renewable water resources formed outside the country in adjacent territories – 9th place in Europe. The data on the components of water resources in Ukraine, which are given in FAO Aquastat, differ from the data published in Ukrainian sources. It is necessary to pay special attention to this methodological problem in the scientific and expert environment, as well as among officials in our country – the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine. Indeed, with the course towards European integration, there can be no difference in information for internal and external use.

Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Udy` River Basin

According to the Water Framework Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU, works aimed at the protection, restoration and rational use of water resources in Ukraine are of particular relevance. Purpose. To determine and establish patterns, in temporal and spatial changes, of water quality in the Udy river basin. Methods. Statistical, system analysis Results. At all observation posts, the highest concentration ratio to MPC in such compounds as: nitrites, oil products, copper, iron, total., manganese, chromium 6, BOD5, sulfates, zinc 2+. The quality of the rivers on the border with the Russian Federation according to WPI corresponds to the “clean” class II. In the middle reaches of the rivers Udy, Lopan, Kharkov and the mouth of the Nemyshlya river, water quality deteriorates to class III “moderate pollution”. Water quality, in the estuary area of the river Lopan, class IV "contaminated". Poor water quality in the river basin. Udy near the Khoroshevo village and the village of Eskhar, where the WPI corresponds to the V class “polluted” water. According to the WPI mod water quality at most posts is equal to class III “moderate pollution”. Water quality, in the estuary area of the Lopan river and the Nemyshlya river of the WPI mod corresponds to class IV "very polluted". A high value of the WPI mode is observed at Udy at Khoroshevo village and with Eskhar - V class "polluted" water. According to the pollution coefficient χ using priorities, the water quality at most posts of the Udy river network corresponds to the “small” class II. On the Udy River near the village of M. Danilovka class III "moderate" pollution. The wellhead section of the Lopan and Udy rivers is characterized as “very polluted”. Poor water quality is observed at the post of Udy River - the Khoroshevo village with "intensive" pollution. Without priorities, the calculation of the χ coefficient showed significantly worse water quality indicators. At most posts, pollution is “moderate”. Well section of the Nemyshlya river ` is characterized as “substantial” pollution. Qualitative condition of water of the river Lopan may be defined as “intensive” pollution. Expected at the posts on the Udy River near the village of Khoroshevo and the village of Eskhar, the water quality is V class “catastrophic”. Conclusion. Certain water quality, using the three methods of WPI, WPI mod. and the pollution coefficient χ over a long period, indicates a significant environmental load of the city of Kharkov on the river system of the Udy river. Changes in water quality indicators occur without any temporary patterns. According to the pollution coefficient χ, water quality deteriorates along the length of the rivers, except for the case on the river Udy - Khoroshevo village, where pollution is qualified as “catastrophic”. Further along the length of the river is the Eskhar village, where water quality is improving, due to the self-cleaning of the river.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGROLANDSCAPES

Quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources in Ukraine because of the increase in climate aridity make the problem of integrated surface and ground water management more urgent. The integrated management is based on the water balance of the territories, which automatically takes into account natural and artificial features of water use.
 The paper presents the results of a long term research aimed at resolving the problems of scientific support of integrated water resources management in Ukraine in the context of climate change.
 The plans for integrated water management are developed according to the administrative principle allowing optimization of the structure of water consumption and the assessment of available water resources capacity to meet water demand of the required quality without environmental risk for aquatic ecosystems and population.
 The surface and ground water in Ukraine have spatially homogeneous hydrochemical spectrum, which characterizes the concentration anions and cations in water and the nature of their change at different water exchange rates.
 Studies of hydrochemical spectrum have shown that its basic parameters are much higher for groundwater than for surface water.
 The results of the study on the spatial changes in the chemical composition of surface waters in the Dnipro river basin testify to the distinct homogeneity of their hydrochemical spectrum, which gives the reason to limit in practice observations of changes in the chemical composition of water to local points.
 As the experimental data are accumulated and the geospatial analysis of hydrochemical spectrum is made, the number of such points can be reduced ten times without significant negative impact on the reliability of the final results.
 It is possible to draw up a water balance with the use of correlation functions, the observance of which will guarantee the rational water resources use, based on their actual available volume and restrictions on the total water inflow, filtration losses, surface runoff (discharges).
 The water balance in the graphical representation is described by a linear function, which cuts the average of the sum of expendable elements on the ordinate axis over the entire observation period. The tangent of the slope of the graph represents the coefficient of water supply.
 The scope of this methodological approach's application is limited only by the availability of raw data. There are sufficient data from precipitation observations, water abstraction from all sources in volumes comparable to precipitation and more. It is also desirable to have observations of groundwater level fluctuations and air moisture deficit.
 The experimental research confirmed a high positive impact on the water resources formation made by forests, shelterbelts and meadows. In the humid zone it is possible to separate natural landscapes of wetlands and floodplains (60% of the territory), in the southern part - transitional landscapes that replace artificial agrolandscapes (40% of the territory). In arid climate conditions, the types of landscapes differ in the area of irrigated lands and the density of shelterbelts.
 Agrolandscapes are complex natural-technical systems. In most cases, when investigating their impact on the processes of formation and use of water, it is possible to operate a finite number of interconnected parts (subsystems). The purpose of such separation on subsystems is to obtain typical areas for which spatial structure of agricultural landscapes can be experimentally evaluated and the nature of its relationship with the factors of surface water resources formation can be determined.
 According to the assessment of water balance of rural territories, their water resources potential is equal to the sum of atmospheric precipitation and the volumes of water entering the balance space due to its withdraw for economic needs from surface and ground water bodies. When drawing up water balance for a hydrological year, water resources do not include precipitation, which is almost completely converted to river flow. The available volume of water for use should include the volume of water, the removal of which from natural or artificial circulation will not lead to negative environmental impacts or increase the cost of economic activity and restoration of fresh water bodies. The volume of water available for use is also limited by its qualitative indicators, which in turn are determined by its chemical composition (spectrum).

Використання і збереження водних ресурсів в Україні: сучасний стан імплементації норм права Європейського Союзу

The article analyzes the current state of implementation of effective mechanisms of legal support for the rational use and conservation of water resources in Ukraine, taking into account the requirements established by international and European standards. In order to achieve this goal, the EU's legal experience in the environmental field has been explored. It is established that the foundations of bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of environment are determined first of all by the Association Agreement 2014. In order to practically fulfill the tasks of adaptation of the legislation of Ukraine to the EU legislation, a number of normative legal acts aimed at organizational – legal support of this process. It is determined that among the global environmental problems of today, some of the most urgent are the problems in the use and conservation of water resources, the immediate solution of which depends on the further life and health of man. According to the sector «Water Quality and Water Management, including the Marine Environment» of the National Strategy for Approximation (Approximation) of EU Laws to Environmental Law, our country must first adapt national legislation in accordance with Directive 2000/60/EC Water Policy Communities – Water Framework Directive. The study found that Ukraine is actively involved in the implementation of EU water legislation. The water legislation of our country is sufficiently branched and developed. Keywords: water resources, use and conservation of water resources, EU law, water law of Ukraine, implementation, adaptation

Problems of legal regulation of usage of water sources in Ukraine

Problem Setting. The lack of a legal definition of «water source» and the ambiguity in the legal regulation of the use of well-water leads to neglect of water sources, uncontrolled loss, pollution and exhaustion of water resources. Therefore, the need to define the legal concept of «water source», studies the use and protection of these water bodies due to the lack of proper legal regulation of the rational use of water sources.The actuality of the topic. In connection with the aggravation of environmental problems related to pollution of water resources inUkraine, the issue is the preservation of well-water quality, because the value of water sources is the possibility of their use for drinking water or balneology. In this regard, the relevance of theoretical studies of this issue is needed to improve the relevant legislation with the aim of forming an effective organizational and legal mechanism of rational usage and protection of water sources.Analysis of recent researches and publications. Today in legal science the concept of «water source» has not been developed, and it is not paid enough attention to the usage and protection of water sources exactly, as separate water bodies. Despite the fact that the use and legal protection of natural resources as a whole and its individual components investigated in the science of environmental law, particularly in the scientific works of V. I. Andreytseva, A. P. Hetmana, V. M. Komarnitskogo, V. L. Muntyana, etc.The purpose of the article. The purpose of this article is to clarify the content and the definition of such scientific and legislative concept as «water source», its place among other water bodies, research of features of legal relationships which arise up concerning the use of the well-water, and also analysis of problem questions in the legal regulation of general and special use of water sources. As a result of the conducted research the location of water sources among other water bodies was clarified, and it was proposed to include water sources to surface water with appropriate legal regulation of their use and protection, and it was defined the water source as a concentrated natural emergence of groundwater from various rock directly on the ground surface. It was found that water sources, the water quality which complies with environmental and sanitary standards, can be used as drinking water sources.Conclusions. It was given the particular nature of the water source, the proposed consolidate regulations on the use of the water bodies on the rights of the general water use and the specification of the powers of the relevant bodies of state power and local self-government regarding protection and management of water sources

FORMATION OF THE MARKET OF WATER RESOURCES AS A PROCESS OF ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE ON THE WAY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The subject of study in this paper is the scientific basis of capitalization of water resources of the regions of Ukraine with a view to accumulating the capital in the regions of Ukraine and their balanced development. The problems of water management complex are conditioned, first of all, by dramatic changes of the institutional environment in the country, weakening of the system of public administration, and considerable reduction of the volume of financing of water-related activities. Critical wear of capital assets of water industry is the cause of negative consequences in the domain of water supply, and the resulting damage to the economy and population in this regard is far greater than the amount of money needed for its prevention. Methodology. We used in our study the traditional and special methods, including: historical and logical method, abstraction and analogy and system analysis methods. Results. This paper states that the problems of development of water management complex of Ukraine can be solved by taking systemic measures aimed at capitalization of water resources, corporatization of water sector management, and institutionalization of the market methods of management. The process of water resources capitalization will give an opportunity to transform the production factor into capital on the basis of harmonization of interests of business entities in order to ensure the sustainable development of the national territorial formations. It should be noted that it is necessary to form the cost of water resources. Study of the cost of water resources determines that today it is not possible to determine this cost in Ukraine, since the market of water resources does not actually exist, and this fact significantly restrains the development of water management complex in the economy. Practical implications. Therefore, in the current economic situation in Ukraine the necessary condition of achieving the objectives of sustainable development is the promotion of processes of the natural resources’ capitalization. The basis of inclusion of the natural potential into economic turnover should become the adequate assessment of water resources which may convert them in the form of financial capital. It is offered to introduce in the economic turnover the system of assessment of water resources based on the differential rent which can provide the capitalization of water resources on demand of sustainable and balanced development of the regions in the conditions of integration changes. The current state of water use is characterized by inadequate mechanism of water resources’ management. In order to increase the level of capitalization of water resources in Ukraine it is necessary to create the mechanism of environmentally sustainable water use based on the renewed institutional environment which would promote the recovery of water resources in the form of the most productive capital. This approach will allow determining the real value and prices of water resources, enhancing their capitalization, eliminating mismanagement syndrome and free-of-charge principle for the resources from the economic turnover, and promoting development of the natural infrastructure. Value/originality. Despite the existence of studies of the problems concerning the recovery of the natural and water resources, development of the regional social and economic systems, conducted by Ukrainian and foreign researchers, the issue of capitalization of water resources in the system of development of the regional socio-economic systems today remains a subject of scientific discussions.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES AS GLOBAL CHALLENGES (OF GOVERNANCE) IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article is induced analytical material problems of sustainable development of territories and the impact on his state of water resources in Ukraine. Identify problems and tasks of protection and rational use of water resources, both worldwide and in Ukraine. Studies have confirmed the findings of many experts that Ukraine is among the countries with inadequate supplies of pure natural water. The author argues that for the protection, respect and rational use of water resources and related sustainable development of the territories should be held accountable local governments.

Удосконалення організаційного забезпечення державного управління водними ресурсами в Україні на національному рівні

У статті виявлено теоретико-методологічні положення державного управління водними ресурсами шляхом формулювання узагальненої системи та системної моделі механізму державного управління водними ресурсами. Враховуючи класичні визначення державного управління та наявні підходи до управління природокористуванням, запропоновано трактування поняття «державного управління водними ресурсами». Використовуючи системний підхід наведено узагальнену систему державного управління водними ресурсами та розглянуто її основні складові: керуюча підсистема, керована підсистема, зворотний зв’язок, керуючий вплив. Враховуючи досвід іноземних країн розроблено схему реорганізації управління водними ресурсами в Україні на національному рівні та запропоновано склад Національної водної ради. На оcнові «водоресурсного» підходу, коли зміст завдань випливає із поводження з водами як з природним ресурсом, забезпечення ними в цілому галузей економіки і населення, а не з водою як товаром при безпосередньому її використанні, розроблено схему передачі повноважень та вдосконалення організаційної структури державного управління в водній сфері.