Fish Pond Water Research Articles

PERANCANGAN DESAIN POSTER EDUKASI WISATA AGRO LEMBAH KECUBUNG DESA PENANGGUNGAN KECAMATAN TRAWAS

Wisata Agro Lembah Kecubung is the first educational tour in Penanggungan Village, this Desa Wisata has the main attraction of education through natural rides, such as vegetable picking, water tubing, to water rides such as water duck ponds, fish ponds, fish therapy, and Lembah Kecubung Resto. Communication facilities in the form of educational posters are also important in a tour that can be used as one of the educational communication tools for visitors. Bina Desa Trawas MBKM Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Vetran” Jawa Timur aims to design an educational poster design in the Wisata Agro Lembah Kecubung to make it easier for visitors to understand information with the hope that visitors understand plant and animal information contained in the Amethyst Valley Agro Tourism. The research method used is descriptive analysis, and field surveys, the results obtained are data on plants located in tourist attractions with other data retrieval through journals and articles on information from plants and related animals.

Study The Effectiveness of Reservoir Utilization In The Fishpond Water Management System In Maintaining Salinity For Fishpond Cultivation

The growing global population has led to an increased demand for food to meet humanity’s needs. However, the degradation of productive land presents a significant challenge regarding ensuring food availability. The utilization of wetlands has emerged as a feasible alternative. As the second-longest coastline in the world, Indonesia holds great potential for wetland development, for instance, fishpond. Nevertheless, the prevailing extensive traditional fishponds have low productivity and fail to maximize profits. Therefore, shifting towards more intensive cultivation methods is necessary to enhance productivity and increase profitability. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of reservoirs in maintaining salinity levels, aiming for technological improvement in semi-intensive fishponds. A water system model in the pond irrigation area is utilized to accomplish this. The model consists of two variations: Model 1, which includes rivers and channels, and Model 2, which combines rivers, channels, and reservoirs. The study results indicate that integrating reservoirs into the water system can significantly enhance salinity distribution. Model 2, which combines the reservoir component, demonstrates superior salinity dispersion. Furthermore, this enhanced dispersion persists over a longer period. These findings underscore the potential of reservoir utilization to improve the effectiveness of semi-intensive fishponds and their overall productivity.

Management of Fish Pond Water Waste with Aquaponics Technology at Paguyuban Budiarta 7, Bululawang District, Malang Regency

This service aims to provide solutions in the form of applying aquaponic technology to handle fish pond water waste. Aquaponic technology has the advantage of filtering wastewater to be channeled into vegetable growing media. The implementation method applied is training and assistance in aquaponic installation in the fish ponds of members of Paguyuban Budiarta 7. Aquaponic installation is in the form of installing pipes and water pumps from the fish pond to the vegetable growing media through filter and nutrient reservoirs. The results achieved are the installation of aquaponic systems in fish ponds can reduce the inundation of fish pond water waste, because the pond water is not directly discharged in the fish farming area, but channeled to the vegetable planting media, after being filtered in a water tank filled with charcoal. The results of observations of partner members show that around 90% of association members stated that this community service program provides benefits to increase knowledge and skills in diversifying fish and vegetable products through the aquaponics system. The sustainability of the program is highly expected to train members' expertise in producing energy sources through the use of solar cells, so that the use of electricity to support aquaponic installations can be more efficient and economical.

Effect of Changes Turbidity on Oxygen Solubility in Fish Pond Water Electrocoagulation Process

The water used for fish farming by the Mina Lestari is very dirty, because many soil particles are dissolved in water. The water with high dirty in generally has very high turbidity. So that oxygen is difficult to dissolve in water and is not sufficient for fish life. So many fish die, due to insufficient oxygen for breathing. To reduce water turbidity is treated by electrocoagulation process combined with the aeration process. The aim of the research was to study the effect of changes in turbidity on dissolved oxygen in water. The study began by measuring the turbidity using a turbidimeter and dissolved oxygen using a DO meter. Furthermore, pour 10 liters of water into the electrocoagulation process tank. The electrocoagulation was carried out at 12 volt or 0,3 ampere for 10 minutes. The process was stopped, then the water flowed into the settling tank and left for 30 minutes to precipitate of the dirt. The water flowed into a holding tank and followed aeration process by flowing air at a rate of 500 cc per minute for 30 minutes. Then followed measuring turbidity by turbidimeter and dissolved oxygen by DO meter. Subsequent studies were carried out using the same procedure with an interval of 10 minutes processing time for electrocoagulation process. The results showed that an increase in processing time can reduce water turbidity from 68 NTU to 45 NTU or 33.82% and increase dissolved oxygen from 2.8 mg/L to 5.3 mg/L or 89.29% at 50 minutes processing.

AUTOMATIC FISHPOND IRRIGATION DOOR CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER AND SMS GATEWAY

The process of controlling irrigation doors in fishponds is still mostly done manually, this results in the performance of farmers being less effective and efficient. Current technological developments, especially in the field of IoT, can be used to design a simulation that is able to control irrigation gates automatically. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the ATmega16-based automatic irrigation gate simulation tool can work well according to the designed working principle. If the condition of fishpond water is less than the ideal height of the fishpond and the condition of river water is more than the height of the fishpond, the motor will move to "open" the irrigation door to fill fishpond water. If the fishpond water condition is more than the ideal height and the river water condition is less than the fishpond height, the motor will move to "open" the irrigation door to discharge fishpond water and if the river water condition is the same as the fishpond water condition, the motor will move "close” the irrigation door so that the ideal height of the fishpond can be achieved. There are certain conditions to control the door manually using the SMS Gateway. Information about the maximum or minimum fishpond water level will be displayed on the LCD to determine the maximum or minimum fishpond height using Keypad.

Physico-chemical Features of Water and Soil in Rural Fish Ponds and its Relationship with Pond Productivity

Samples of water and soil were collected at. monthly and bimonthly intervals, respectively from four different rural fish ponds of Bhadrak District, Orissa for three years (1994-1997) and were subjected to analysis for different physicochemical parameters. The values obtained for different parameters were subjected to analysis of variance and multiple correlation to establish the interrelationship of some important hydrobiological parameters. The parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus and organic carbon were positively correlated to the plankton production which influences the productivity of the fish ponds.

Effect of Turmeric in Combination With Lime on The Water Quality Parameters of Fish Ponds

A laboratory experiment of 7-10 days' duration was conducted during May 1995 to evaluate the effect of turmeric in combination with lime on various physico-chemical parameters of water in fish ponds. Three dose-combinations of turmeric and lime, viz., A - 0.5 and 5.0 mg/I B- 1.0 an d 10.0 mg/l and C-1.5 and 15.0 mg/l, respectively, per hectare-metre water were applied in filtered pond water kept in 10-1 glass jars. Three replicates were maintained for each treatment and control groups, and water parameters in them were recorded every alternate day. The results of the experiment are described in the present communication.

Application of The Completely Random Design Statistics Method For Analysis of Different Filter Types In Fresh Water Fish Pool Water Recirculation System

In meeting their daily water needs (bathing and washing), the majority of the people of South Kalimantan (South Kalimantan) have been using river water and peat well water, as is the case for fresh water fisheries. However, the water used is cloudy and smells because it is water that is polluted by household waste, and of course it shows the quality of the water that is still being debated for the process of fish cultivation. In the process of cultivating freshwater fish, the standard mechanism is still used, namely by making tarpaulin ponds for fish ponds and river water as a medium for fish cultivation and the process of providing feed. In the process there are several things about water quality and conditions, and several other issues, namely about water circulation, temperature, humidity, pH and oxygen regulation of fish pond water. Fish excrete waste from leftover feed and metabolism which contain lots of ammonia (Effendi, 2003). Fish excrete 80-90% of ammonia through osmoregulation processes, feces and from urine. To produce quality pond water as a medium for fish cultivation, it is necessary to have a proper and good water filter. This study aims to obtain the best filter substrate in increasing the growth and survival of freshwater fish fry reared using polluted river water in a tarpaulin pond with a recirculation system. The filter method used in this study was an experimental method using one factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications. The treatments applied were P0 = Zeolite, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam, P1 = Bamboo, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam, P2 = Bioball, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam and P3 = Bioring, Charcoal, Japmate, Bio Foam. The resulting data were analyzed for analysis of variance (ANOVA), then continued using the BNT test with 95% and 99% confidence intervals. From the results of the study, the measurement results obtained were for the specific growth rate test (SGR) of 1.15%, the survival test (SR) of 86.66% and the feed conversion ratio test (FCR) of 3.10%. While the supporting parameters are water quality, namely the results of water quality, namely, temperature 28.1 – 30.3 0C, pH 7.4 – 8.1, DO 5.24 6.53 mg/L, NH3 0.06 – 0.40 mg/L, NO2 0.056 – 0.90 mg/L and NO3- 0.28 – 0.190 mg/L. In addition to producing filter products that can support SGR, SR and FCR in freshwater fish, it is hoped that this research will also produce scientific paper outputs that will be published in International Conferences/International Journals and become part of the Study Program's Coursebook for the Accounting Department. Computerized Poliban Accounting and can be applied in the community through the Community Service program

Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Fish Farms within Abakaliki Metropolis

Background and Objectives: The emergence of antibiotic resistant determinant in fish farms and its spread is on the increase and has evolved into strains that are resistant to many classes of antibiotics. Thus, it is critical to identify the distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from fish farms within Abakaliki Metropolis.
 Methodology: Aseptically, fifty (50) milliliters of fishpond water was collected from twenty locations in fifteen (15) fish farms and were analyze using standard microbiological culture and identification of Escherichia coli. Detection of phenotypic extended spectrum β-lactamases production was performed using Double-Disk Synergy Test (DDST). Antibiotic susceptibility studies of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and the results were construed using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints.
 Results: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli distribution from fishpond water revealed overall occurrence rate of 34(11.3 %). The proportion of ESBL producing Escherichia coli was 5(25.0 %) from fish farm L followed by Farm A, Farm E, Farm G, which both accounted for 20.0 % respectively while the least occurrence of 1(5.0 %) was recorded against Farm I. ESBL-producing E. coli were resistant to cephalosporin particularly Ceftriaxone (88.2%), Ceftazidime (91.2 %), Cefotaxime (94.1) and Cefepime (85.3 %). This was followed by Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (91. 2 %), Azetronam (97.1 %). In all, Ciprofloxacin (82.4 %), Imipenem (97.1 %), and Meropenem (100 %) were the most effective antibiotic against ESBL-producing E. coli isolate.
 Conclusion: This study reveals the prevalence of the ESBL phenotype in fish farms. The increasing prevalence of resistance to routinely used antibiotics in medical and veterinary therapies among the study isolates from aquaculture products poses a significant challenge to the treatment of human and animal diseases. As a result, adequate antibiotic intervention is essential to ensure the continued efficacy of antibiotics for aquaculture and human health, as well as the industry's viability.

Detection of Ectoparasites in Farmed Striped Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in Karangpilang, Surabaya, Indonesia

This research aimed to identify ectoparasites infecting farmed striped catfish in Karangpilang Surabaya, Indonesia. Individual catfishes with visible lesions on the body surface and abnormal behaviors were included in the study. Mucilage samples of 90 fishes were examined under a microscope for the presence of ectoparasite on the body surface of the fish, in the area of gills, skins, fins, and tails. Gills were cut with scissors and combed with a tweezer. Skin and fin were also scrapped with a sterile scalpel. The mucus obtained was put on an object glass and was observed under the microscope. The fish pond water was analysed for Oxygen Demand (DO), pH and temperature three times two weeks apart, starting from the day of fish sampling. Results showed that 42.2% (n=90) of samples were infected by ectoparasites. The ectoparasites identified were Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Trichodina sp. and Chilodonella sp. Fish pond water in the study site was of suitable quality for the growth of catfish. This study suggested that pathogens other than ectoparasites play roles in the development of pathologic conditions of stripped catfishes in the study area.

An improved hyperspectral sensing approach for the rapid determination of copper ion concentrations in water environment using short-wavelength infrared spectroscopy

Copper ion is one of the hazardous pollutants often present in industrial wastewater or acid mine drainage that is regarded as a primary environmental challenge. Hyperspectral remote sensing has a long tradition in water quality monitoring. However, its application in heavy metal detection is relatively similar, and the detection is highly influenced by water turbidity or total suspended matter (TSM), requiring research efforts to improve accuracy and generalize the applicability of this technique. In this study, the use of simple filtration (pore size of 0.7 μm) for sample pretreatment to improve hyperspectral remote sensing of copper ion concentrations (Cu, 100–1000 mg/L) in water samples is proposed. A wide variety of water samples, including as-prepared and field (fish pond and river water) samples, were investigated to validate the developed method. Spectral data containing sensitive bands characterized in the range of 900–1100 nm were first preprocessed with logarithm transformation, followed by quantitative prediction model development using stepwise multivariate linear regression (SMLR) with the most sensitive wavebands at around 900 nm and 1080 nm. Satisfactory prediction performance for Cu ions was found for turbid water samples (TSM greater than approximately 200 mg/L) after simple filtration pretreatment, suggesting that pretreatment removed suspended solids in the mixtures and enhanced the spectral features of Cu ions in the model. Moreover, good agreement between the laboratory results and the field samples (adjusted R2 > 0.95 and NRMSE <0.15) highlights the suitability of the developed model and filtration pretreatment for obtaining relevant information for the rapid determination of Cu ion concentrations in complex water samples.

Designing Aquaculture Monitoring System Based on Data Fusion through Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)

The aquaculture production sector is one of the suppliers of global food consumption needs. Countries that have a large amount of water contribute to the needs of aquaculture production, especially the freshwater fisheries sector. Indonesia is a country that has a large number of large bodies of water and is the top-five producer of aquaculture production. Technology and engineering continue to be developed to improve the quality and quantity of aquaculture production. One aspect that can be observed is how the condition of fish pond water is healthy and supports fish growth. Various studies have been conducted related to the aquaculture monitoring system, but the problem is how effective it is in terms of accuracy of the resulting output, implementation, and costs. In this research, data fusion (DF) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) were implemented in an aquaculture monitoring system with temperature, turbidity, and pH parameters to produce valid and accurate output. The stage begins with testing sensor accuracy as part of sensor quality validation, then integrating sensors with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) so they can be accessed in real time. The implemented DF is divided into three layers: first, the signal layer consists of WSNs and their components. Second, the feature layer consists of DRL combined with deep learning (DL). Third, the decision layer determines the output of the condition of the fish pond in “normal” or “not normal” conditions. The analysis and testing of this system look at several factors, i.e., (1) the accuracy of the performance of the sensors used; (2) the performance of the models implemented; (3) the comparison of DF-DRL-based systems with rule-based algorithm systems; and (4) the cost effectiveness compared to labor costs. Of these four factors, the DF-DRL-based aquaculture monitoring system has a higher percentage value and is a low-cost alternative for an accurate aquaculture monitoring system.

Design of Automatic Pond Water Quality Control in Koi Fish Farm

Koi fish is a type of freshwater ornamental fish that has high economic value. Koi fish have attractive body colors and ideal body shapes so they have good sales prospects. However, koi fish farming has several obstacles, one of which is the low recovery rate and the relatively slow growth of fish. Water quality is the main parameter in the success of a fishing effort. Therefore, this study designed a tool that can help koi fish farmers in unifying the quality of pond water so that koi fish can grow and develop properly. This monitoring system is designed by implementing an automatic control monitoring system to produce good water quality for koi fish farming. Data obtained from water quality monitoring are parameters of pH, ammonia, and water temperature. The results of this cultivator's research can monitor the quality of fish pond water and immediately get water quality control automatically.

Mitigating abiotic stresses using natural and modified stilbites synergizing with changes in oxidative stress markers in aquaculture.

In-depth mineralogical understanding and characterization are necessary to explore potential applications of clinoptilolites. In this study, the clinoptilolite collected from quarries and identified as stilbite microscopically and spectroscopically was subjected to physical and chemical treatments for the synthesis of modified stilbites, which were further evaluated for determining their removal efficiencies on ammonical contaminant in a predetermined concentration range from various source of aquaculture water namely fish pond, aquaponics and ornamental under laboratory condition. High-resolution transmission electron microscope results revealed that stilbite was rod-shaped in all forms but physically modified stilbite contains some nano-zeolite particles, synthesized probably due to heat treatment. The naturalzeolite (stilbite)and microwave sodium acetate treatedstilbite were found to be most effective in ammonia removal, hence boththese products were further evaluated for the removal of cadmium and lead under laboratory conditions and for the ammonia removal in fishpond water under wet lab conditions. The results showed that these zeolites at 10-100mg/L and 100-200mg/L had a better removal efficiency of ammonical and metallic contaminants, respectively. Fish samples were taken at particular intervals to determine oxidative stress parameters, i.e., superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities were found to be increased in control fish samples without treatment due to abiotic stress caused by higher ammonia concentration. The levels of oxidative stress markers are decreased in the treatments with zeolite-stilbite which brings to light its potential efficiency in alleviating stress in fish. This study revealed the potential of natural and abundantly available native zeolite-stilbite and its chemically modified form in relieving ammonical stress from the aquaculture system. This work has potential applications for the environmental management of aquaculture, ornamental fisheries, and aquaponics.

Sipekernik: Sistem Pemantau Kekeruhan Air dan Pengairan pada Akuaponik Menggunakan Sensor Turbidity, LDR dan Water Level

Aquaponics is an alternative to cultivating plants and fish in one place. This technique integrates fish farming with plants. In this case, aquaponic plants utilize nutrients from fish waste. Plants in aquaponics function as a biofilter, which will reduce these toxic substances into substances that are not harmful to fish and supply oxygen to fish-keeping ponds. With this technique, there will be a symbiosis of mutualism or a mutually beneficial cycle. The advantages obtained are the efficiency of water use and the reduction of waste contamination resulting from disposal into public waters. The water recirculation period affects the quality and quantity of fish and plants produced. Turbidity for cultivation should be no more than 25 NTU. Therefore, this tool is designed to detect the turbidity value of fish pond water in order to know the time to drain the pond using a turbidity sensor and regulate water irrigation in aquaponic installations based on light intensity values so that water does not stagnate in the installation pipe. The manufacture of this tool uses several components, such as an Arduino as a microcontroller, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor functions to turn on and off the pump, turbidity sensor functions to determine the turbidity value of pool water, and water level sensor functions to adjust the water level when draining and filling. pond water. At pump 1, the water will turn on if the intensity value of the LDR sensor is 650. If the turbidity sensor value is 25 NTU, then pump 2 will turn on and dump pool water into the shelter. After the pond water is drained to the specified height level, pump 3 will turn on to fill the fish pond with water. Pump 3 will stop when the water level is &gt; 665.

A Histogram-Based Technique for Simultaneous Colorimetric Determination of Malachite Green and Brilliant Green Using Triton X-100 Micelle.

Malachite green (MG) and brilliant green (BG) are two synthetic triphenylmethane dyes with applications in the textile and aquaculture industries. They are considered to be environmental contaminants due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Both dyes have the same bluish-green color in aqueous solutions. The aim of this study is to develop a colorimetric analysis as a very simple and cost-effective method to determine the residues of MG and BG simultaneously in aqueous industrial samples. This method is based on the alterations in red, blue, green (RGB) color histograms of the dyes in the presence and absence of Triton X-100 micelle. The images of the samples were taken by a digital camera and converted to the RGB color system using MATLAB software. Partial least-squares regression as a powerful chemometrics tool was used for multivariate calibrations and quantitative measurements. The performance of the proposed method was compared with a simple spectrophotometric method as a reference. Relative errors of prediction for colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively, in micellar media were 6.56 and 4.61% for MG and 6.38 and 5.24% for BG. The shortest linear ranges for colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively, in micellar media were 0.1-10 and 0.5-5 mg/L for MG and 0.1-15 and 0.5-6 mg/L for BG. The recovery percentages obtained from the analysis of the dyes in real samples of fish-pond water and textile wastewater ranged between 91 and 107%. The good correlation between the results of the colorimetric analysis and the spectrophotometric analysis indicates the reliability of the proposed colorimetric method. Also, the results of the relative recovery study showed insignificant matrix effect. This study demonstrates the ability of the colorimetric analysis coupled with chemometrics tools for simultaneous determination of the analytes even with nearly identical colors.

A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor with MIL-100(Fe)/Au composites for detection of malachite green in fish pond water

Concerns about food safety have been arisen due to the improper use of chemicals in aquaculture. Malachite green (MG) has attracted attention because of its illegal usage and its potential negative impacts on the environment and public health. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms coupled with different SERS substrates have been employed for rapid analysis of MG residues in food. However, the most commonly used SERS substrates were non-reusable and showed limited detection sensitivity. In this study, a novel SERS substrate with a good recyclability and a high sensitivity was prepared by electrostatically assembling together a metal–organic framework material called materials of institute lavoisie-100(Fe) (MIL-100(Fe)) and Au NPs. The lowest detectable concentration of MG was 10−13 M based on the optimal substrate. The SERS sensor was applied for the detection of the trace MG in fish pond water, which was accomplished with the correlation coefficients R2 = 0.991–0.996 in a concentration range of 10−6–10−13 M. Moreover, MIL-100(Fe)/Au was recycled at least five times, realizing a “detection to degradation”, showing great potential for food contamination monitoring due to its distinguished performance.

Spatial Biodiversity of Birds in Land Covers of Wetlands on Jakarta’s North Coast

Wetlands are suitable habitats for the coastal bird community. One of the important wetlands is located on Jakarta’s North Coast. Here, this study aims to assess the spatial biodiversity of birds in various land covers of wetlands on Jakarta’s North Coast. In total, there were 23 species belonging to 12 bird families. Ardeidae, Rallidae, and Silviidae bird families have more species compared to other families. The biodiversity H' values in the wetlands dominated by mangrove cover were the highest, at 2.527, followed by the wetlands having less mangrove cover and more water bodies and fish ponds only having H’ values equal to 1.811. The arboreal, small-to-medium-sized birds belong to Nectariniidae, Ploceidae, Silviidae, and Dicaeidae were widely distributed across all land cover. In contrast, the wetlands characterized by mangrove cover dominance combined with muddy substrate coasts were dominated by mid-large water birds belong to Anatidae, Scolopacidae, Ciconiidae, Rallidae, Ardeidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, and Alcedinidae. It is recommended to protect the mangroves and reforest the wetlands with mangroves to provide more habitats for the coastal bird community.

Highly Sensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors Enhanced by Gold Nanoparticles for Norfloxacin Detection in Aquaculture Water.

The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture and pharmaceuticals and their subsequent leaking into the environment have been demonstrated to be a potential route for creating antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In order to assess the impact of this problem and take regulatory measures, it is necessary to develop tools that allow for the detection of antibiotics in environmental samples in a routine, low-cost manner. In this study, we integrated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membrane to fabricate a new sensor for the detection of norfloxacin in pharmaceuticals and aquaculture samples. The receptor layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results of these studies demonstrate that the addition of AuNPs to the polymer network enhanced the sensor sensitivity by at least a factor of two. The MIP-AuNPs sensor has a low detection limit (0.15 ng/mL, S/N = 3) with a wide linear range and very high sensitivity. The selectivity of the fabricated sensor was measured in the sample containing other antibiotics (like chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin). Rapid and precise norfloxacin detection in pharmaceutical compounds and fishpond water samples indicates that the fabricated sensor has the potential to be used for routine screening of aquacultures and pharmaceutical processes.

Preparation of Copper Nanoparticles/Diatomite Nanocomposite for Improvement in Water Quality of Fishponds

Diatomite (DA) with the main component of silica (SiO2) was chemically modified by amine groups of the coupling agent 3-amino propyl triethoxysilane (APTES) before deposition of Cu2+ ions. The mixture of DA-APTES and Cu2+ ions in the chitosan stabilizer (1%) was added with ascorbic acid and purged oxygen by N2O for antioxidation before irradiation. Cu2+ ions were reduced to Cu0 and aggregation into copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on DA by an electron beam (EB). Characterizations of CuNPs onto DA were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), UV-Vis spectra, transmission electron micrography (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and BET-specific surface area. A nanocomposite of CuNPs/DA with the porous structure of DA is capable of improving the water quality by adsorption of organic pollutants and suspended solids. Therefore, the values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) decreased for samples of fishpond water after treatment with CuNPs/DA. Antibacterial activity of CuNPs/DA nanocomposite against pathogenous bacteria for catfish such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella ictaluri was estimated.