Water Carrying Capacity Research Articles

Pola Spasial Daya Dukung Sumber Daya Air Di Kecamatan Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik

The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Gresik Regency in 2019 stated that some villages in the Driyorejo District, Gresik Regency experienced drought, this condition is in contrast to the availability of water in 2012. The purpose of this study is to determine the spatial pattern of the carrying capacity of water resources. and direction of control policies for the carrying capacity of water resources. The research method used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis with the analysis technique of Water Bearing Capacity (DDA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and spatial analysis using Arcgis 10.1 Software. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, documentation, questionnaires and agency surveys. The results showed that the water carrying capacity in Driyorejo District was 99.7% surplus and 0.3% deficit. The status of deficit water carrying capacity is in Petiken and Mojosarirejo Villages, especially in the industrial and service trade sectors. The main priority for the direction of the water carrying capacity control policy based on AHP is to improve land rehabilitation, development of infrastructure and improve the quality and quantity of water sources with scores of 161.4, 98 and 40.6, respectively.

The gap of water supply-Demand and its driving factors: From water footprint view in Huaihe River Basin.

Climate change, population growth, the development of industrialization and urbanization are increasing the demand for water resources, but the water pollution is reducing the limited water supply. In recent years, the gap between water supply and demand which shows water scarcity situation is becoming more serious. Clear knowing this gap and its main driving factors could help us to put forward water protection measures correctly. We take the data of Huaihe River Basin from 2001 to 2016 as an example and use ecological water footprint to describe the demand, with the water carrying capacity representing the supply. We analyze the water supply-demand situation of Huaihe River Basin and its five provinces from footprint view in time and space. Then we apply the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model to analyze the driving factors of the ecological water footprint. The results show that: (1) the supply and demand balance of Huaihe River Basin was only achieved in year 2003 and 2005. There is also a large difference between Jiangsu province and other provinces in Huaihe River basin, most years in Jiangsu province per capital ecological footprint of water is more than 1 hm2/person except the years of 2003, 2015, and 2016. But other provinces are all less than 1 hm2/person. (2) Through the decomposition of water demand drivers, we concluded that economic development is the most important factor, with an annual contribution of more than 60%. Our study provides countermeasures and suggestions for the management and optimal allocation of water resources in Huaihe River Basin, and also provides reference for the formulation of water-saving policies in the world.

Dynamic prediction and regulation of water resource carrying capacity: a case study on the Yellow River basin

This study aimed to established the water resource carrying capacity of the Yellow River basin (YRB), China in respect to water quantity and quality to facilitate accurate prediction of changes in regional water resources carrying capacity and to formulate an optimal control plan based on the economic society-water resources-ecological environment mutual feedback mechanism. Various methods, including element diagnosis, identifying indicators of key drivers, integrating support vector machines and system dynamics were applied to establish a quantitative dynamic water resources carrying capacity simulation model for the YRB by formulating control objectives and analyzing the difficulty and cost of managing drivers of carrying capacity. The orthogonal test method was applied to improve the capacity and reduce load within the YRB. The six indicators of key drivers chosen were:① unconventional water utilization; ② seawater intake; ③ average irrigation water consumption; ④ irrigation area; ⑤ industrial value-added water consumption; ⑥ 10, 000 yuan industrial value-added water consumption. The simulation results showed that the upstream, middle and downstream areas of the YRB are currently in an overloaded or severely overloaded state at all planned levels before water transfer projects such as the West Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project become effective. The study identified the optimal control plan to avoid overloading of the annual water carrying capacity of the YRB at all levels and provides scientific guidance for water resources management of the YRB.

ВОПРОСЫ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ КРУПНЫХ КАНАЛОВ И ОЦЕНКА ИХ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

Purpose: to define the efficiency of large irrigation canals on the example of the Donskoy main canal and the Bolshoy Stavropol canal during their reconstruction. Materials and methods. The use of geocomposite materials is of interest to creating combined linings of large canals. A geocomposite anti-seepage structure made without a protective layer at the bottom and part of the slope and a concrete-film element in the zone of wave and ice impact is considered. The application of such a combined lining makes it possible to reduce the cost of the anti-seepage screen, to shorten the construction time, to reduce the canal roughness and to increase its water-carrying capacity. The method of hydraulic research is based on the field data of the Bolshoy Stavropol and the Donskoy main canals for average and maximum values of hydraulic parameters. In particular, it was necessary to determine the roughness coefficients of the canal in the area between the sections. Results. A feature of the reconstruction of the most dangerous sections of the Donskoy main canal is the close location of the groundwater level to the surface, which leads to the transition of free filtration to a banked-up one. According to the results of calculations, the total losses are 13.7×10³ cubic meters/day in the section 57–70 km, and with canal lining – 0.504 cubic meters/day, which is 2.09 times less than with banked-up filtration in the earthen bed. Conclusions. The most effective types of linings with the use of geocomposites which, as shown by field surveys, are reliable combined coatings, are presented. Anti-seepage facilities made of concrete and reinforced concrete have high impermeability, though at the same time they are destroyed over time under the influence of water and freezing-thawing processes.

Analysis of Carrying Capacity of Blekok Beach and Kerapu Beach Situbondo as Conservation Areas for Mangrove, Blekok Bird (Ardidae) and Grouper Fish Cultivation (Epinephelus)

This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of the coastal waters of Blekok and the coast of Kerapu, Situbondo, East Java as a conservation area for mangroves, blekok birds and grouper fish cultivation. The study used thein situobservation method, carried out in January–February 2021. The sampling was on Blekok beach at latitude coordinates: -7.69742 and longitude: 113.92206, on Kerapu beach at latitude coordinates: -7.69568 and longitude: 113.89666. At each beach the data is taken at 3 stations, at each station 3 sub stations are taken. Parameters measured include physical (temperature, turbidity, TSS, TDS), chemical (pH, salinity, DO, BOD, Cu), and biology (totalColiform) were measuredin situand at the Environmental Laboratory, Situbondo Environmental Service. Analysis of Cu concentration usingAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometermethod.Coliformtotal analysis used theMost Probable Numbermethod. The data were analyzed descriptively qualitative-quantitatively and compared with the quality standard of the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51/2004. The results showed that the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the coastal waters of Blekok and Kerapu beaches were in accordance with quality standards so the carrying capacity as a mangrove conservation area, blekok birds, grouper cultivation and tourism is very good.

Analysis of water carrying capacity in Pulubala sub-watershed, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province

Government Regulation No. 37 of 2012 mandates that to prevent the decline in the carrying capacity of a watershed, it is necessary to increase the carrying capacity of the watershed. The carrying capacity of a watershed is the ability of a watershed to realize the sustainability and harmony of ecosystems and the increasing use of natural resources for humans and other living things in a sustainable manner. Minister of the Environment Regulation No. 17 of 2009 mandates that in carrying out the calculation of environmental carrying capacity, there are two carrying capacities that must be calculated, namely the carrying capacity of food and carrying capacity of water. Water carrying capacity is the potential contained in water and / or in water sources that can provide benefits or harms to human life and livelihoods and the environment. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of water in Pulubala Sub-watershed, Gorontalo District. This research uses the method of calculating the carrying capacity of water through the availability of water and the need for water which is calculated based on the guidelines for the preparation of environmental carrying capacity in the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 17 of 2009, and added with some calculations for the needs of agriculture (rice fields), industry, and animal husbandry. Pulubala watershed covers 4 sub-districts, namely Bongomeme District, Dungaliyo District, Pulubala District and Tibawa District. From the results of the analysis, the carrying capacity of water in Bongomeme District in 2016 was 0.59, in 2017 it was 0.70, in 2018 it was 0.69. Water carrying capacity in Dungaliyo District in 2016 was 0.46, in 2017 it was 0.54, in 2018 it was 0.46. Water carrying capacity in Pulubala District in 2016 amounted to 1.15, in 2017 amounted to 1.34, in 2018 amounted to 1.24. Water carrying capacity in the District of Tibawa in 2016 was 0.51, in 2017 it was 0.62, and in 2018 it was 0.57. The water carrying capacity in the Pulubala Sub-watershed is exceeded (carrying capacity <1) and conditional safety (carrying capacity between 1-2).

Influence of different rhombic surface textures on the tribological performance of water-lubricated bearings

Water lubrication has gradually replaced oil lubrication for a wide range of marine stern bearings. However, due to poor water carrying capacity, the tribological performances of water lubricated bearings can be improved by incorporating surface textures. In this work, rhombic textured thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) specimens, 3D-printed with different heights/depths, 1 mm bulge, 0.5 mm bulge, 0.5 mm dimple, and 1 mm dimple, were tested for their tribological performances when they were lubricated by water and were compared to nontextured specimens. The friction coefficient, wear mass, and microscopic surface topography of the specimens were collected at a common working load (0.4 MPa) and speed (from 50 to 350 rpm), and at low-speed and heavy load (50 rpm and 0.8 MPa) conditions. Experimental results reflect that the rhombic surface texture can effectively improve the friction and wear performances of TPU materials. The friction coefficients of most textured specimens are smaller than those of non-textured specimens under various working conditions. The surface wear conditions of all textured specimens are superior to non-textured specimens, since the rhombic surface texture produces additional hydrodynamic lubrication by creating converge and cavitation effects and prevents abrasive particles from accumulating on the friction surface. Through experimental demonstration, the 1 mm bulge rhombic texture is the best of all the tested textured specimens. This finding can provide a reference for practical industrial applications.

The impacts of the ecological water diversion project on the ecology-hydrology-economy nexus in the lower reaches in an inland river basin

This study aims to analyse the comprehensive effects of an ecological water diversion project (EWDP) and its driving mechanism since 2000 in Heihe River Basin (HRB) in Northwest China. We compared the hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic changes in the period of 1985–2015, revealed the relationships between them using linear regression method, and discussed their internal mechanisms referring to the long-term monitoring data, statistics data, field surveys and remote sensing data. We found that the hydrological regime in the region downstream of Langxinshan Hydrological Station (LXS region) in the lower HRB has changed, with an increase of annual discharge as well as obvious differences in the intra-annual distribution of monthly runoff. As a result, the groundwater level in most of the LXS region has risen, but the changes of the chemical characteristics of the groundwater were not significant. Meanwhile, the vegetation has been remarkably restored, and the water and wetland continually expanded suggesting that the degraded environment in the LXS region has gradually been rehabilitated. Additionally, the regional economy has developed rapidly, with a rapid increase of value-added tertiary industry due to the explosive growth of the tourist population. Along with the EWDP, other policies and projects have played an important role in restoring the ecology. The hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic systems have formed feedback loops in the LXS region, but there is still need to coordinate the relationships between water resource, ecosystem and socio-economy by considering water carrying capacity and water production efficiency and thinking of them as a nexus.

Study on the Law of Diesel Oil Carrying Water in Lanzhou–Chengdu–Chongqing Product Oil Pipeline Based on Large Eddy Simulation

Water accumulation at the bottom of the product oil pipeline will lead to corrosion damage to the pipeline. The study on water carrying laws of refined oil could provide a reference for the safe operation of the pipeline. In this paper, the actual size of Lanzhou–Jiangyou section of Lanzhou–Chengdu–Chongqing pipeline was taken as the pipeline size. The volume of fluid (VOF) model of oil-water two-phase flow based on large eddy simulation (LES) was established. The numerical simulation of the water-carrying behavior of the product oil in the inclined pipeline was carried out. The LES-based two-phase flow model can capture the characteristics of stratified flow, wavy stratified flow, and dispersed flow under various operating conditions. The model was applied to simulate the water carrying process under various oil inlet velocities and the inclined pipe angles. The results show that as the pipeline inclined angle is 10~20° and the oil inlet velocity is 0.66 m/s, the flow patterns in the pipeline mainly include stratified flow and wavy stratified flow. As the oil inlet velocity is 0.88~1.55 m/s, the flow patterns in the pipe are mainly stratified flow, wavy stratified flow, and dispersed flow. As the inclined angle of the pipeline is 30~40°, the flow patterns in the pipeline mainly include stratified flows, wavy stratified flows, and dispersed flows. Finally, with the increase of flow time, water can be carried completely from the pipeline through the oil. With the increase of oil inlet velocity, the water carrying capacity of oil gradually increases. With the increase of pipeline inclination, the water carrying capacity of oil firstly increases and then decreases.

SIGNIFICANCE OF REMOTE SENSING BASED PRECIPITATION AND TERRAIN INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN PARTS OF HIMALAYAN RIVER BASINS

Abstract. The Himalayan region are home to the world’s youngest and largest mountains, and origins of major rivers systems of South Asia. The present work highlight the importance of remote sensing (RS) data based precipitation and terrain products such as digital elevation models, glacier lakes, drainage morphology along with limited ground data for improving the accuracy of hydrological and hydrodynamic (HD) models in various Himalayan river basins such as Upper Ganga, Beas, Sutlej, Teesta, Koshi etc. The satellite based rainfall have mostly shown under prediction in the study area and few places have are also showing over estimation of rainfall. Hydrological modeling results were most accurate for Beas basin, followed by Upper Ganga basin and were least matching for Sutlej basin. Limited ground truth using GNSS measurements showed that digital elevation model (DEM) for carto version 3.1 is most accurate, followed by ALOS-PALSAR 12.5 DEM as compared to other open source DEMs. Major erosion and deposition was found in Rivers Bhagirathi, Alakhnanda, Gori Ganga and Yamuna in Uttarakhand state and Beas and Sutlej Rivers in Himachal Pradesh using pre and post flood DEM datasets. The terrain data and river cross section data showed that river cross sections and water carrying capacity before and after 2013 floods have changed drastically in many river stretches of upper Ganga and parts of Sutlej river basins. The spatio-temporal variation and evolution of glacier lakes was for lakes along with GLOF modeling few lakes of Upper Chenab, Upper Ganga, Upper Teesta and Koshi river basin was done using time series of RS data from Landsat, Sentinel-1 and Google earth images.

Threshold Vegetation Greenness under Water Balance in Different Desert Areas over the Silk Road Economic Belt

The sustainability of dryland vegetation growth over the Silk Road Economic Belt is under threat of water shortage, and the determination of water carrying capacity for vegetation is critically essential to balance water supply and water demand for the maintenance of existing ecosystems. To better understand how and why vegetation growth varies in different desert areas, this study first analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Then, we investigated the relationship between NDVI and climatic factors (precipitation, soil water content, air temperature, evapotranspiration), and estimated the threshold NDVI under water balance in different desert areas. Results showed that the higher NDVI was mainly distributed in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Azerbaijan, and it increased in approximately 53% of desert areas from 1982 to 2015 in the whole study region. The mean annual NDVI showed a simultaneous increasing trend in all desert areas from 1982 to 1994, and decreased significantly only in the cold arid desert area (p &lt; 0.01, −0.0067 decade−1) or had no significant change in other desert areas after 1994 (p &gt; 0.01). The climate condition generally appeared as a warming and drying trend in the past 34 years, with varied changing rates in different desert areas. NDVI presented a strong positive relationship with both precipitation and evapotranspiration in most desert areas. The threshold values of the mean annual NDVI under water balance between 1982 and 2015 were approximately 0.1041 (hot arid desert), 0.1337 (cold arid desert), 0.1346 (cold arid semi-desert), 0.0951 (hot arid desert semi-desert), 0.0776 (polar desert tundra), 0.1071 (hot arid desert shrub), 0.1377 (cold arid desert steppe), and 0.0701 (polar desert steppe), respectively. The responses of these threshold values to precipitation were all positive in different desert areas. These results provide an enhanced understanding of vegetation dynamics and ecological conservation, which are of great importance to implementing adaptation and mitigation measures for terrestrial ecosystems over the Silk Road Economic Belt.

WATER CARRYING CAPACITY BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN URBAN AGRICULTURE OF PALU

Urban agriculture grows increasingly in tropical countries. It develops not only to feed the growth of the population but also to provide green space, biodiversity, and recreational landscaping. However, developing urban agriculture is facing the problem of water provision. This study examines the existence of agricultural land in Palu, investigates the distribution of agricultural land use in each district, and analyzes the status of environmental carrying capacity for provisioning water. The environmental carrying capacity for provisioning water was assessed based on ecosystem services analysis. The total area of agricultural land in Palu is 5,892.06 ha or about 16.52% of the total area, which spreads in all districts. Three districts recorded have the more extensive agricultural lands, Mantikulore, Tawaeli, and North Palu, of each, has 2188.12 ha (14%), 1090.89 ha (18.51%), and 723.88 ha (12.29%) respectively. The status of water carrying capacity ranged from moderate to high levels, covering an area of ​​5,189.95 ha or 88.08% of the total area of ​​agricultural land. The low carrying capacity of water provision covers ​​689.31 ha or about 11.84% of the total agricultural land. The district of West and South Palu calculated to have the highest carrying capacity. However, both districts experienced a decrease in agricultural land space due to urban development. This study's finding contributes to essential data for relevant authorities in decisions making for sustainable development of urban agriculture in Palu.

Estimating Method of Maximum Infiltration Depth and Soil Water Supply

The maximum infiltration depth and soil water supply must be evaluated in order to estimate the soil water resource use limit by plants and soil water carrying capacity for vegetation, and realize the sustainable use of soil water resources. However, there is no non-destructive method to estimate maximum infiltration depth and soil water supply. We conducted a simulated infiltration experiment and a long-term fixed-position investigation in situ in artificial Caragana shrubland at the Guyuan Eco-experimental Station in the semiarid Loess Plateau. The results showed that infiltration depth for one rain event was equal to the distance from the surface to the crossover point between the two soil water distribution curves with soil depth before a rain event and after the rain event. The soil water supply for one rainfall event was the difference in the soil water resources in the soil layers from maximum infiltration depth that occurred after a long period, and could be estimated by a series of two-curve methods. A maximum infiltration depth of 2.9 m occurred in the artificial Caragana shrubland. The results provide a foundation for controlling soil degradation and sustainable use of soil water resources in water-limited regions.

Analysis of Water Carrying Capacity for Regional Planning Development in Malang Regency

The increase of population in Malang City has a significant effect on environmental degradation in the buffer zone, Malang Regency. This regency provides natural resources and collect the remnants of human activity from urban areas experiences a declining trend in environmental carrying capacity, thus it makes difficult to meet the needs of its own population. This research was aimed at analyzing the water carrying capacity as the capital base for development planning in Malang Regency. The research method uses the Supply-Demand approach, which means the calculation of the carrying capacity of water based on future needs and current conditions. The result showed that the carrying capacity of Malang Regency indicated this region experienced a water supply deficit of 0.95% per year.

Quantifying the volume increase and chemical exchange during serpentinization

AbstractQuantifying the concurrent changes in rock volume and fluid composition during serpentinization remains a major challenge in assessing its physicochemical effects during continental rifting, seafloor spreading, and subduction. Here we conducted a series of 11 hydrothermal laboratory experiments where cylindrical cores of natural dunite, harzburgite, and pyroxenite were reacted with an aqueous solution at 300 °C and 35 MPa for up to 18 months. Using three-dimensional microcomputed tomography and thermogravimetry, we show that rock volume systematically increased with time and extent of reaction, leading to a volume increase of 44% (±8%) in altered rock domains after 10–18 months of serpentinization. The volume expansion was accompanied by Mg-Ca exchange between fluid and rock, while Fe and Si were largely conserved. We find that the protolith composition (olivine/orthopyroxene ratio) plays a significant role in controlling the fluid chemistry and the proportions of hydrous secondary minerals during serpentinization. Agreement between alteration mineralogy, composition of reacting fluids, and measured volume changes suggests that serpentinization under static conditions is a volume-increasing process in spite of demonstrable mass transfer. Volume expansion implies an increased water carrying capacity and buoyancy force of serpentinite per unit mass of protolith, while Mg-Ca exchange during serpentinization may affect the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater on Earth and possibly other ocean worlds.

Environmental Carrying Capacity Assessment of an Industrial Estate (Study of Cikupa Mas Industrial Estate Tangerang Regency)

Complete facilities and good infrastructure are the main point why Tangerang Regency is a strategic area for industrial activities. Many business operator and developer tempted to build industrial estate. But various economic and social activities in industrial estate tend to affect and change the physical condition of the environment. Environmental carrying capacity becomes one important component to understand the ability of environment in supporting every organism’s activity. This research aims to analyze environmental carrying capacity in an crucial industrial estate in Tangerang Regency, that is conducted by seeing two main elements : land carrying capacity and water carrying capacity. The selection of research location was conducted based on the complexity of industrial activities and the scale of the industry. Quantitative method was applied and data analysis was done to analyze the current status of water carrying capacity and land suitability. Water demand in the study area is higher than the supply, it is cause a deficit condition in water carrying capacity. Meanwhile, the soil types (alluvial and mediterranean) have a low erositivity levels, so it will be safe for industrial activities. Furthermore, geography and hydrology condition is very compatible for an industrial estate.

Comparative analysis on the evolution of ecological carrying capacity between provinces during urbanization process in China

Abstract Effective ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is the precondition for implementing sustainable urbanization in China. However, different regions in a big country such as China have different ecological conditions and different development modes. Therefore, the evolution of ECC is different between different regions during the urbanization process in China. This study presents a comparative analysis on the evolution of ecological carrying capacity between provinces in the context of China. The ECC indicators in this study are classified into four dimensions, namely, water carrying capacity, land carrying capacity, environment carrying capacity and energy carrying capacity. Indicator data used for analysis are collected from 30 provinces in China. The entropy method is adopted to analyze the ECC performance during the years of 2006–2017. The ECC evolution is described into stable, fluctuated, declined and improved. This study shows that the evolution of ECC performance varies significantly between different provinces. The findings of this study help the Chinese government understand the different ECC evolution between provinces and provide policy-makers with valuable reference for formulating effective measures with considering different ecological conditions in different provinces, to improve the ECC performance across the country in China.

Land and Water Carrying Capacity in Tourism Area of Nusa Penida, Bali

Environmental resources are very important in supporting tourism activities. As a developing tourism area Nusa Penida needs sufficient land and water resources. Increasing population of residents and tourists triggers new activities that affect the patterns of land use and available water, which in turn has a negative impact on the availability of land and water. The carrying capacity of the environment is disrupted due to the utilization of environmental resources that exceed its capacity. This study aims to calculate the availability, needs and status of the carrying capacity of land and water in the Nusa Penida Tourism Area.The methodology of this study is to calculate the availability of land and water, calculate land and water needs for residents and tourists and calculate the carrying capacity of land and water. This study predicts the availability of land and water, land and water needs and the carrying capacity of land and water in the Nusa Penida Tourism Area until 2023.From the results of data analysis shows that the availability of land in Nusa Penida amounted to 5,350 hectares. Projected land needs until the year 2028 of 24,640 hectares, the carrying capacity of the land in Nusa Penida deficit. The results of the calculation of land requirements based on the ecological footprint amounted to 17,724.283 hectares, while the availability of land in Nusa Penida was 5,350 hectares. This shows that the carrying capacity of the land in Nusa Penida has a deficit of 12,374,283 hectares.&#x0D; Availability of water based on rainfall and springs in Nusa Penida is 95,443,402.56 m3/year. The results of data analysis show that in 2028 water needs for residents and tourists are estimated at 83,398,400 m3/year. Projection of the carrying capacity of water in Nusa Penida based on rainfall surplus of 901,002.56 m3/year. Projection of the carrying capacity of water in Nusa Penida based 10% utilization of springs Penida and Guyangan in 2028 surplus of 2,433,865,856.44 m3/year Projection of the carrying capacity of water in Nusa Penida based on rainfall + 10% utilization of springs Penida and Guyangan in 2023 surplus of 2,529,309,259 m3/year. Projection of the carrying capacity of water in Nusa Penida based on rainfall + all springs water potencyin Nusa Penida in 2028 surplus of 34,958,390,240 m3/year.

Evidence for the stability of ultrahydrous stishovite in Earth’s lower mantle

The distribution and transportation of water in Earth's interior depends on the stability of water-bearing phases. The transition zone in Earth's mantle is generally accepted as an important potential water reservoir because its main constituents, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, can incorporate weight percent levels of H2O in their structures at mantle temperatures. The extent to which water can be transported beyond the transition zone deeper into the mantle depends on the water carrying capacity of minerals stable in subducted lithosphere. Stishovite is one of the major mineral components in subducting oceanic crust, yet the capacity of stishovite to incorporate water beyond at lower mantle conditions remains speculative. In this study, we combine in situ laser heating with synchrotron X-ray diffraction to show that the unit cell volume of stishovite synthesized under hydrous conditions is ∼2.3 to 5.0% greater than that of anhydrous stishovite at pressures of ∼27 to 58 GPa and temperatures of 1,240 to 1,835 K. Our results indicate that stishovite, even at temperatures along a mantle geotherm, can potentially incorporate weight percent levels of H2O in its crystal structure and has the potential to be a key phase for transporting and storing water in the lower mantle.

Using Water Quality Index to evaluate surface water quality in the South of Binh Duong province

The South of Binh Duong province has undergone various economic activities and significantly contributed to the local budget, but has also posed adverse impacts on environment where the decrease in surface water quality is a vital of concern. To evaluate the change in surface water quality and carrying capacity of receiving water bodies in southern waterways of Binh Duong province (not mentioned in this work), the surface water quality data was recalled from 25 monitoring stations during 2012 – 2016 and sampled at 93 locations in the dry season of 2017. In the period of 2012 – 2016, the SWQ fluctuated from very poor to good level (WQI = 20 – 88). The sites of interest were the Chom Sao canal (RSG5), Bung Cu stream (RĐN2), and Thi Tinh river (RTT1) (WQI &lt;7) with high concentrations of BOD5, COD, and coliform, etc. In the dry season of 2017, the SWQ was ranged from very poor to good level (WQI = 16 – 88). Some monitoring locations should be taken into consideration were STT2 in Thi Tinh River, MC25 in Cau Dinh stream, MC50 in Cat - Bung Biep stream, and MC91 in Cai stream due to high concentrations of SS, turbidity, NH4+-N, BOD5, COD, etc. Accordingly, it is necessary to continue studying and assessing the waste water generation, the carrying capacity of receiving water bodies in relation to the local socio-economic development plans, as a basic for local surface water management and the sustainable development.&#x0D;