Waste Powder Research Articles

Exploring sustainable construction through experimental analysis and AI predictive modelling of ceramic waste powder concrete

Exploring sustainable construction through experimental analysis and AI predictive modelling of ceramic waste powder concrete

ANOVA statistical analysis for determining the optimum contain of waste powders in concrete

Reusing and recycling waste are efficient ways to reduce waste production while dealing with associated environmental issues. The applications still have a lot of opportunity for improvement, though. This academic article discusses recycled glass and eggshell waste used in construction. The impact of these wastes on specific mechanical characteristics was examined. These wastes have been used as powder and partially substituted for cement in concrete. From the results, it was found that utilizing 10% glass powder (G) with 5% eggshell powder (E) gave the highest compressive strength by about 16.37%, 9.63%, and 10.85% at 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively compared to the control specimen. For the same mix, UPV increased by about 14.28%, 6.66%, and 6.8% at 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively compared to the control specimens. The mix contains 10% G with 15% E powders impacted negatively on properties of concrete. The tensile strengths increased similarly to the compressive strengths, as they increased at 5% E and began to gradually decrease when the compensation ratio was increased. Utilizing G and E wastes in concrete has been evaluated using an ANOVA statistical study. Analysis reveals that these wastes had a substantial impact on the strength and other variations of concrete properties, and the optimal E to be used with 10% G is 5%.

Performance of concrete containing waste demolished concrete powder as a partial substitute for cement

PurposePresent work deals with the partial substitution of cement by waste demolished concrete powder (WDP) for reducing the carbon footprints of concrete.Design/methodology/approachControl specimens and the specimens with 20% WDP as fractional substitute of cement were prepared. The waste powder was thermally activated at 825 °C prior to its use in the mix. The prepared specimens were evaluated in terms of density, workability, mechanical strength, Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and rebound hammer (RH).FindingsThe results showed that with the substitution, the workability of the mix increased, while the density decreased. A decrement within a 20% limit was found in compressive strength. The UPV and RH results were closely linked to the other results as mentioned above.Research limitations/implicationsThe study deals with only M15 concrete and the substitution level of only 20% as a baseline.Practical implicationsThe concrete containing 20% WDP is lightweight and more workable. Moreover, its strength at 28 days is 14 MPa, only 1 MPa lesser than the characteristic strength.Social implicationsThe WDP can be recycled and the dumping in landfills can be reduced. This is an important effort towards the decarbonation of concrete.Originality/valuePrevious literature indicates that the WDP has been frequently used as a partial replacement of aggregates. However, some traces of secondary hydration were also reported. This work considers the effect of partial substitution of cement by the WDP.

The effect of lightweight geopolymer concrete containing air agent on building envelope performance and internal thermal comfort

Innovative building materials are the primary focus for researchers seeking to reduce energy consumption and advance global sustainability initiatives. This target could accomplished by addressing environmental issues and confronting the adverse impact of climate change. In this regard, this paper used a combined experimental and simulation approach to evaluate the effectiveness of lightweight geopolymer concrete (LWGC) incorporating industrial waste of aluminum powder (AP) and ferrosilicon waste powder (FWP) for reducing the energy consumption in the building envelop. Seven concrete mixes for LWGC were prepared using an air operator. Three mixtures contain 0.1 %, 0.2 %, and 0.3 % AP (FA), and three mixtures contain 0.1 %, 0.2 %, and 0.3 % FWP by weight of fly ash. The workability, unit volume weight, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and microstructure analysis of the LWGC were examined. In addition, energy simulations were performed to evaluate their ability to reduce energy use in residential buildings. The inclusion of AP and FWP in LWGC resulted in a significant decrease in the density of the material, which amounts to 55 % for AP0.3 and 35 % for FWP0.3. The diameter of the LWGC pore structure increased as the Ca/Si ratio was reduced. The AP and FWP materials reduced energy consumption for building envelope elements such as external walls and roof insulation by 14.5 %, resulting in a 9.2 % overall reduction compared to the traditional concrete mix as a control sample.

Experimental investigation of concrete incorporating untreated agricultural waste and calcium carbonate powder

Experimental investigation of concrete incorporating untreated agricultural waste and calcium carbonate powder

Mechanical performance of cement mortar with clear glass waste powder as a partial sand replacement

Abstract This research addresses Malaysia’s glass waste predicament, primarily stemming from discarded glass bottles in the food and beverage sector. Typically consigned to landfills, these bottles not only occupy valuable space but also deplete essential resources like siliceous sand crucial for glass production. To combat this environmental issue, the study explores the viability of repurposing waste glass as a construction material. By processing the waste glass to match sand’s size distribution, it is incorporated into cement mortar. The investigation assesses the fresh and hardened properties of cement mortar, including density, flow spread diameter, and various strengths. Analysis of parameters, such as the cement/sand/water ratio, and the extent of glass waste replacement, reveals that 100 % replacement of sand with glass waste powder yields the highest strengths, notably in compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural tests. Maintaining a cement/sand/water ratio of 1:5:1.24 achieves a 7 MPa compressive strength at 28 days and a 200 mm spread diameter in the flow table test. The study concludes that increasing glass waste replacement enhances cement mortar strengths, providing a sustainable solution to Malaysia’s glass waste issue and enhancing construction materials like bricks and concrete products.

Enhancing Subgrade Properties of Black Cotton Soil through the Combined Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Ceramic Waste Powder

Enhancing Subgrade Properties of Black Cotton Soil through the Combined Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Ceramic Waste Powder

Effect of Partial Replacement of Fly Ash by Decoration Waste Powder on the Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Masonry Mortar

Effect of Partial Replacement of Fly Ash by Decoration Waste Powder on the Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Masonry Mortar

Thermophysical Properties of Concrete Blended with Iron Powder and/or Iron Fibers

Abstract The use of iron waste in concrete is now of considerable importance, mainly because of the benefits for the environment and for improving the strength of concrete. The increased and unused of this industrial byproducts represents a challenge for the environment and human health. This article experimentally explores the influence of utilizing iron powder waste and iron fibers in concrete in order to enhance the thermophysical properties of concrete and reduce the environmental impact resulting from iron waste. The aim of this work is to study the thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity) of concrete with waste iron powder and iron fibers for application in building construction. The iron powder waste was added to the concrete with different percentages of 0%, 5%, 15%, 20% and 25% respectively as a partial replacement of sand. The iron fibers were added with mix proportions including 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% by volume of concrete, and in two different arrangements, uniform and random. The thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity of these samples were measured experimentally in the dry state at ambient temperature (20 °C), and at 28 days of age. The effect of the integration of iron powder and fiber on thermal properties was analysed.

Analyzing the long-term effects of e-glass mortar on sustainability and radiation shielding using ANOVA.

Significant investigations were performed on the use and impact on physical properties along with mechanical strength of the recycled and reused e-glass waste powder. However, it has been modeled how recycled display e-waste glass may affect the characteristics and qualities of dune sand mortar. This study investigates the long-term feasibility of using recycled display e-glass waste as a partial substitute for dune sand at varying percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The main focus is on evaluating its effectiveness in radiation shielding, strength properties, and durability for long-term development under the heating environmental process. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance, are used to assess the significance of factors and their interactions on these characteristics. Additionally, a regression equation derived from the model offers insights into the quantitative relationship between the factors and properties. The results of the experiments led to the conclusion that the most effective proportion of e-glass waste to include in mortar is 20%, with the weight of dune sand. Including e-glass waste, they significantly increased the five characteristics of the mortar, making it suitable for high-strength mortar applications continue up to 68MPa. The ANOVA model used in this study was trained using the same experimental research design and was critical in predicting the properties of the mortar. The model produced an accurate result with an R2 value greater than 0.99. E-glass replacements exhibit remarkable radiation shielding, characterized by pozzolanic activity and superior internal bonding due to its compact texture, contributing to enhanced long-term strength.

Investigation of sustainable pervious concrete pavement performance using waste travertine aggregate and powder

Travertine cutting generates rubble and waste powder, prompting the need for effective waste utilization. This study aims to develop travertine permeable concrete (TPC) using travertine aggregate and waste powder. An orthogonal test method assessed TPC variations in travertine powder replacement rates, aggregate grading, and void content for porosity, permeability, mechanical strength, and heavy metal adsorption ability. The void content greatly influences the amount of cementitious material and is crucial for TPC performance. To guarantee compliance with the engineering performance for fully pervious pavement, the recommended void content of TPC should not exceed 20 % to have satisfactory compressive strength and permeability. Cement replacement with 5–10 % travertine powder can satisfy engineering requirements, heavy metal adsorption, waste utilization, and CO2 emission reduction. TPC demonstrates much lower removal rates under the rapid method than the immersion method for Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+, mainly due to the difference in contact time. After 25 cycles, the optimized TPC shows less mass and strength loss, demonstrating excellent freeze-thaw resistance. Furthermore, a novel lab-scale rainfall simulation system for travertine permeable concrete pavement (TPCP) was built to assess the water infiltration of TPCP. TPCP can effectively reduce runoff, reaching over 96 % within 1 h for various inflow intensities. After half an hour, the removal rates of Cd2+ and Cu2+ by TPCP were only 41.5 and 79.1 %, respectively, but TPCP achieves exceptional Pb2+ adsorption with a removal rate of over 97 % under the ternary competitive mechanism.

The effect of waste powder on the 3D printing performance of cement-based materials

The effect of waste powder on the 3D printing performance of cement-based materials

Effect of seed husk waste powder on the PLA medical thread properties fabricated via 3D printer

Abstract With the increasing use of medical equipment, threads are the catchy choice for medical personnel to solve wound closures. One raw material used in medical surgical threads is polylactic acid (PLA), which is appropriate for its environmentally friendly and biodegradable properties. However, the weakness of PLA is in mechanical properties. This work used extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing (fused deposition modeling) to fabricate medical threads from PLA. The effect of adding seed husk waste powders (SHWPs) to PLA filament (1.75 mm) and its manufacture by the 3D printer was studied. Four types of SHWP waste plants were used: pistachio, coffee, chestnuts, and walnuts crushed and milled by ball-milling after chemical processing and drying. The structural, particle size, and physical properties of the prepared powders were studied. The results of SHWPs show that the particle size is near the nano-size range of NPs and of low density. Different SHWP weight mixing ratios (5–15 wt%) were coated to PLA threads (0.4–0.45 µm) by grafting to study the mechanical (surface hardness and roughness) properties. The result shows that 15 wt% was the best ratio that combined the mechanical properties. The coated layer thickness was less than 5 µm. This ratio was adopted to fabricate grafted PLA and SHWPs/PLA medical threads by 3D printing with a radius of 400 ± 5 µm. The structural and biological properties of the fabricated medical threads were investigated. The results of SHWP-coated PLA show a significant improvement in structural and physical properties besides the mechanical properties. The results adopted this percentage from thread SHWP-coated PLA for medical applications, creating a new benefit for agricultural SHW and accelerated healing.

A study on composite carbonaceous reducing agent pellets based on low-order unbonded coal

To minimize the cost of carbon-reducing agents and reduce the waste of powder in production, a novel composite carbonaceous reducing agent pellet was prepared through cold pressing, utilizing low-rank unbonded coal (NC) as the primary raw material and incorporating petroleum coke (PC) and high-bonding coal (HVC). This study investigated the influence of different material composition ratios, the addition of organic binder (OBD) and inorganic binder (IBD) (water glass solution), forming moisture ranging from 2 to 12 %, holding temperatures of 60 to 100 ℃, holding times of 2 to 6 h, and material particle sizes ranging from 40 to 250 mesh (0.063–0.420 mm). Additionally, forming pressures of 5 to 30 MPa were analyzed concerning their impact on the cold consolidation strength (CCS) of the resulting pellets. The primary and secondary effects of forming pressure, forming moisture, binder content, and raw material size on pellet strength were examined. According to the actual production situation, the optimum technological conditions were determined. The primary and secondary effects on CCS were ranked as follows: forming pressure > particle size of raw material > binder ratio of 4 % content > forming moisture. External morphology and internal structures of different carbon materials were characterized via FESEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, and XPS. Mechanisms affecting the pellet strength were analyzed. The newly developed composite carbon-reducing agent pellets were suitable for industrial silicon production. This study presented a pathway for the clean and efficient utilization of low-rank unbonded coal and low-viscosity coal, offering substantial economic and social benefits.

High-Performance Materials Improve the Early Shrinkage, Early Cracking, Strength, Impermeability, and Microstructure of Manufactured Sand Concrete

The poor early shrinkage and cracking performances of manufactured sand concrete, waste powder concrete, and recycled aggregate concrete are the main difficulties in engineering applications. To solve these problems, early shrinkage and cracking, strength, and impermeability tests were performed on high-volume stone powder manufactured sand concrete mixed with fly ash and slag powder (FS), a shrinkage-reducing agent (SRA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, and a superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Furthermore, the microstructures and pore structures of these concretes were revealed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the mixture of FS, SRA, PVA fibers, and SAP could effectively inhibit the shrinkage strain and cracking area of the concrete. The effect of the SAP on reducing the early shrinkage of the concrete is the greatest, and the shrinkage strain can be reduced by 76.49%. The PVA fibers had the most obvious effect on inhibiting the early cracking of the concrete, and the total cracking area was reduced by 66.91%. Significantly, the incorporation of the FS can improve the particle gradation and the pore structure and improve its compactness. The PVA fibers not only provide good carriers for cement-based materials but also enhance the bonding force between the particles inside the concrete, filling the pores inside the concrete, inhibiting the loss of water, and reducing the generation of internal microcracks. The FS and PVA can reduce the shrinkage and cracking risk and improve the strength and impermeability of the concrete. Although the SRA and SAP can reduce the shrinkage and cracking risks, it will lead to a significant decrease in the later strength and impermeability. The main reason is that the SRA leads to an increase in micropores in the matrix and microcracks near the aggregate, which are not conducive to the development of the strength and penetration resistance of the MS. Similarly, the SAP can promote the rapid formation of ettringite (Aft) at an early age and improve the early shrinkage, early cracking, and early strength of the concrete. However, with an increase in age, the residual pores, after SAP dehydration, will cause the deterioration of the concrete pore structure, resulting in the deterioration of the strength and impermeability.

Multi-promoters modified CaO-based sorbent derived from mixed waste slag for long-term CO2 cyclic capture

Calcium looping, a carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technique, may provide an effective route to eliminate climate change brought by the steadily rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, the key challenge for calcium looping is the sintering-induced decay over the numerous cycles for CaO-based sorbents. Herein, multi-promoters modified CaO-based sorbents, derived from the mixed waste slag of marble waste powder (MWP) and rare earth polishing powder wet slag (REPP), are prepared by a simultaneous hydrating and calcining process. The cyclic CO2 capture is explored by a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the promotion mechanism is investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption, and reaction kinetics fitting. Results indicate that the multicomponent promoters from the REPP, including CeO2, Ca12Al14O33, and LaPO4, enhance the carbonation cyclic activity of CaO from MWP. The best-performing MWP-REPP sorbent with 15 wt% REPP shows less than a 10 % drop decay and the CO2 carbonation conversion remains at 75 % (0.46 g CO2/g sorbent) after 50 repeated cycles. The excellent cyclic capture performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the promoters and CaO, where the CeO2 promoter owns abundant oxygen vacancies, and the Ca12Al14O33 and LaPO4 promoters provide the blocked effect, thus facilitating the CO2 sorption and inhibiting the CaO from sintering. This work presents useful guidance for improving the cyclic sorption stability of CO2 from waste slags.

Effect of incorporating biomass bottom ash and construction and demolition waste powder on the physical-mechanical properties and micro-structure of ternary-blended mortars

Biomass bottom ash (BBA) and construction and demolition waste (CDW) are two waste types whose recycling requires immediate actions due to the high quantities in which they are generated worldwide. Since the cement industry is currently facing a real challenge on a global scale due to the environmental cost implicit in cement production, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of reusing those wastes as an addition in ternary-blended eco-cements with a lower impact than common cements. To achieve this, the chemical, physical, mechanical and micro-structural characterisation of the pastes and mortars manufactured with substitution percentages of 10–40% and 1:1 ratio was carried out. The results showed that the mixture of biomass bottom ash and construction and demolition waste powder in the same proportion had the capacity to fix lime and that the new ternary-blended eco-cements made with 20%, 30% and 40% substitution can be classified as CEM IV/A or CEM IV/B pozzolanic cements pursuant to the EN 197–1 standard. All of the new eco-cements also met the regulatory requirements for initial setting time and soundness, with no workability problems recorded. Finally, the mortars made with cement substitutions up to 20% developed similar or greater compressive strength and presented lower porosity at a later age than the reference mortar, making them suitable for use in construction.

Influence of Sustainable Grout Material on the Moisture Damage of Semi-flexible Pavement

Semi-flexible pavement (SFP), also known as grouted pavement, is a type of pavement structure consisting of a porous asphalt skeleton with air voids between 25 and 35% injected with cementitious grout materials. The special skeleton of SFP provided enhanced durability and resilience, making it a promising option for the construction of road surfaces in high-traffic areas and severe conditions. The main aim of the current research is to investigate the rutting behavior and moisture resilience of SFP-containing sustainable grout using ceramic waste powder (CWP). This research introduced the use of CWP as a replacement for conventional grout (cement) in SFP for the first time. CWP partially replaced cement at ratios of 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of the cement weight. Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Tests (HWTT) were used to evaluate the performance of SFP to reduce the detrimental effect of moisture. The grout modified with CWP shows excellent results in the ITS and Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR), and all modified SFP mixtures give higher values in these tests compared with Control Mix (CM). In the HWTT, the minimum rut depth of the modified SFP was 2.8 mm and 3.10 mm. Compared to CM, rutting decreased by 73%–76% for CWP mixes with 20% and 30% replacement. This indicates the high fluidity of CWP, which enabled it to penetrate all voids in the porous pavement (PA) and form a dense microstructure due to its excellent pozzolanic interaction, making it a strong structure capable of bearing rutting.

Rapid and efficient synthesis of energy-saving cool pigments and environmental restoration materials using rare earth secondary resources

This paper proposes a method for the short-process recovery and reuse of rare earth secondary resources. Low-value rare earth polishing powder waste (WP), trichromatic phosphor waste (WT), NdFeB permanent magnetic waste (WN), and SmCo permanent magnetic waste (WS) were used as the raw materials. Based on the concept of combinatorial chemistry, energy-efficient cool pigments and environmental remediation materials were synthesized by a solid-phase method. The results showed that the synthesized materials had fluorite-type and garnet-type structures. In terms of cool pigments, doping with different rare earth permanent magnets can enrich the color (including yellow, green, brown, gray, and blue) and cause fluctuations in the near-infrared (NIR) reflectance (59.05–99.54 %) and NIR solar reflectance (55.32–95.64 %). Yellow fluorite-type pigments (WP: WT = 1:1) have the highest NIR reflectance (R = 99.54 %), while brown fluorite-type pigments (WP: WN = 1:0.1) and blue garnet-type pigments (WP:WS = 1:0.1) have relatively high NIR reflectance, 88.18 % and 59.30 %, respectively. The synthesized pigments possessed better chemical stabilities and thermal insulation performance. In terms of environmental remediation materials, the adsorption capacities of fluorite-type materials for F− and PO43− can reach 84.03 mg/g and 85.3 mg/g, respectively. In summary, materials synthesized from rare earth waste exhibit excellent potential for use in energy-efficient wastewater treatment and promote the sustainable utilization of secondary rare earth resources.

Environment friendly sustainable concrete produced from marble waste powder

<p>Concrete is an indispensable construction material renowned for its versatility and durability, yet its traditional components pose significant environmental challenges. The cement industry is a major emitter of CO2, while the extensive extraction of natural aggregates depletes finite resources. In response, researchers have explored alternative materials like Marble Waste Powder (MWP) as sustainable substitutes in concrete production. This study investigates the feasibility of incorporating MWP as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate, examining substitution fractions of 25% and 35%. Through experimental analysis, the mechanical properties and cost implications of these modified concrete blends are evaluated. The research findings reveal that integrating MWP into concrete formulations enables the production of high-strength concrete at a reduced cost, offering a promising solution to enhance the sustainability of construction practices. By partially replacing conventional materials with MWP, the environmental impact associated with concrete production can be mitigated, contributing to efforts aimed at reducing carbon emissions and conserving natural resources. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of eco-friendly innovations in construction materials, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives to meet the growing demand for infrastructure development while minimizing environmental harm. Overall, this research highlights the novel use of MWP as a sustainable alternative in concrete production, showcasing its potential to address environmental concerns and promote more eco-conscious construction practices. Through the exploration of mechanical performance and economic feasibility, the study provides valuable insights for advancing sustainability in the construction industry and achieving long-term environmental stewardship.</p>