Waste Management In City Research Articles

A study on the implementation of a circular economy in municipal solid waste management in the new capital city of Indonesia

The new capital city of Indonesia is designed with the concept of a smart and sustainable city where waste management will implement a smart trash system with the concept of a circular economy. The key performance indicator (KPI) for waste management are 60% recycled and net zero emission. The waste management system is based on a projected population of 276,125 people in 2045 with a waste generation rate of 0.7 kg/cap/day. In this study, the calculation of KPI fulfillment was carried out in two scenarios. In the first scenario, 31 tpd of inorganic waste will be recycled, while 32 tpd of waste and 15 tpd of sludge will be processed in a waste-to-energy (WtE) incinerator. The second scenario is if the recycling ecosystem has not been established, the combustible waste will be burned in the WtE incinerator while the incombustible waste will be landfilled. WtE incinerator with a capacity of 2x50 tpd with an electrical output of 2x250 kW will recycle waste into energy. The global warming potential of both scenarios is negative, which means there is a net zero emission. Based on this study, both scenarios can meet KPI and have the potential to implement a circular economy.

Recognition of systemic differences in municipal waste management in selected cities in Poland and the United States

This study aims to demonstrate differences in the efficiency of municipal waste management from 2014 to 2017 between two selected cities with a comparable number of inhabitants: Radom in Poland and Spokane, WA, in the United States. The study considers the significance of these cities’ rates of waste accumulation and the application of the autoregressive integrated moving average model for forecasting. Within a 4-year period, Spokane recorded a higher total mass of waste collected (4175.4 Mg) than Radom, while Radom recorded a higher monthly average (exceeding 500 Mg) than Spokane. In these cities, nonselectively collected waste was predominant, with an average mass of 1340 Mg, and the highest accumulation rate per capita in the European Union was recorded in Radom (174.04 kg per year). An increase in the number of residents by 2000 people in Spokane fostered an increase in waste accumulation rates per capita by an average of more than 11 kg per year, with the highest value of selectively collected waste accumulation per capita reaching 102.18 kg per year. In comparison to Radom, the Spokane city waste management system is characterised by projected waste growth, greater efficiency, a higher accumulation of selective waste, and rational waste to energy processing. Generally, the results of this study indicate a need to develop rational waste management, while taking into account the principles of sustainable development and the requirements of the circular economy.

Municipal and Industrial Urban Waste: Legal Aspects of Safe Management

Competent management of the production and consumption of waste is the foundation for ensuring a favorable environment in cities and comfortable living conditions for the population. Laws and regulations play a key role in this process since they determine measures aimed at creating conditions for safe waste management, an effective management system in the field of environmental protection from waste pollution. In the cities of many developing countries, including Russia, despite the efforts being made, there is an increase in the volume of municipal solid waste. Solving the problems of waste management has been set as a national task. The article analyzes the current condition of solid waste management systems in developed and developing countries and identifies the features and prospects of waste management, including the one in Russia. It is established that the existing set of organizational, sanitary, and legal measures, and legal regulation of relations and law enforcement practices in the field of solid municipal waste management in many developing countries is still in the forming stage. The positive experiences of countries in implementing sustainable systems of safe waste management and the positions of judicial bodies on controversial issues of waste management in cities can be used as the basis for an environmental policy of safe waste management at all levels of public authority, as well as improving legislation in the field of waste management.

Modified Cuttlefish Swarm Optimization with Machine Learning-Based Sustainable Application of Solid Waste Management in IoT

The internet of things (IoT) paradigm roles an important play in enhancing smart city tracking applications and managing city procedures in real time. The most important problem connected to smart city applications has been solid waste management, which can have adverse effects on society’s health and environment. Waste management has developed a challenge faced by not only evolving nations but also established and developed counties. Solid waste management is an important and stimulating problem for environments across the entire world. Therefore, there is the need to develop an effective technique that will remove these problems, or at least decreases them to a minimal level. This study develops a modified cuttlefish swarm optimization with machine learning-based solid waste management (MCSOML-SWM) in smart cities. The MCSOML-SWM technique aims to recognize different categories of solid wastes and enable smart waste management. In the MCSOML-SWM model, a single shot detector (SSD) model allows effectual recognition of objects. Then, a deep convolutional neural network-based MixNet model was exploited to produce feature vectors. Since trial-and-error hyperparameter tuning is a tedious process, the MCSO algorithm was applied for automated hyperparameter tuning. For accurate waste classification, the MCSOML-SWM technique applies support vector machine (SVM) in this study. A comprehensive set of simulations demonstrate the improved classification performance of the MCSOML-SWM model with maximum accuracy of 99.34%.

Management Waste management in Makassar city

Management Waste management in Makassar city

Concept of Smart Trash Separation Bin Model

Abstract: As the population in cities continues to grow, the amount of waste generated also increases. The improper disposal of waste has become a significant challenge for modern cities, leading to environmental pollution and public health issues. To address this challenge, a smart trash separation bin model has been proposed for smart cities. This paper aims to present the development of a smart trash separation bin model and its potential benefits in improving waste management in smart cities. The smart trash separation bin model is designed to sort waste into different categories such as recyclable, non-recyclable, and hazardous waste. The bins are equipped with sensors and an intelligent system that can detect the type of waste and sort it accordingly. The model also provides real-time information to waste management authorities about the status of the bin, including the level of waste inside the bin, the type of waste, and the location of the bin. The research was conducted in several stages. In the first stage, a literature review was conducted to understand the current state-of-the-art in waste management and the use of technology in waste management. In the second stage, the requirements for the smart trash separation bin model were identified based on the literature review and consultations with waste management authorities. In the third stage, a prototype of the smart trash separation bin model was developed and tested in a real-world environment. The results of the study showed that the smart trash separation bin model has the potential to revolutionize waste management in smart cities. The use of technology in waste management can reduce the environmental impact of waste and improve the quality of life for city residents. The model can also optimize waste collection routes and schedules, leading to cost and time savings. The paper concludes that the development of a smart trash separation bin model is a step towards the creation of sustainable and livable smart cities. Further research is required to assess the scalability and economic viability of the model. The proposed model can serve as a blueprint for waste management authorities in other cities to improve their waste management practices

Swarm Intelligence Internet of Vehicles Approaches for Opportunistic Data Collection and Traffic Engineering in Smart City Waste Management

Recent studies have shown the efficacy of mobile elements in optimizing the energy consumption of sensor nodes. Current data collection approaches for waste management applications focus on exploiting IoT-enabled technologies. However, these techniques are no longer sustainable in the context of smart city (SC) waste management applications due to the emergence of large-scale wireless sensor networks (LS-WSNs) in smart cities with sensor-based big data architectures. This paper proposes an energy-efficient swarm intelligence (SI) Internet of Vehicles (IoV)-based technique for opportunistic data collection and traffic engineering for SC waste management strategies. This is a novel IoV-based architecture exploiting the potential of vehicular networks for SC waste management strategies. The proposed technique involves deploying multiple data collector vehicles (DCVs) traversing the entire network for data gathering via a single-hop transmission. However, employing multiple DCVs comes with additional challenges including costs and network complexity. Thus, this paper proposes analytical-based methods to investigate critical tradeoffs in optimizing energy consumption for big data collection and transmission in an LS-WSN such as (1) finding the optimal number of data collector vehicles (DCVs) required in the network and (2) determining the optimal number of data collection points (DCPs) for the DCVs. These critical issues affect efficient SC waste management and have been overlooked by previous studies exploring waste management strategies. Simulation-based experiments using SI-based routing protocols validate the efficacy of the proposed method in terms of the evaluation metrics.

Status of solid waste generation in municipal corporation cities of Maharashtra in India: a review

Generation of municipal solid waste to manage is a major environmental issue in Maharashtra. Due to rapid increase in industrialization, urbanization and population growth, the generation rate of municipal solid waste in Maharashtrian cities and towns also increased. Mishandling of municipal solid waste can cause adverse environmental impacts, public health risks and other socio-economic problems. Present investigation has been carried out to study the altering tendencies of quantity and features of municipal solid waste. The changing pattern of waste composition highlights the importance of isolation for effective process of waste management amenities. Municipal experts should maintain the storing facilities in such a way that they do not generate unhygienic and contaminated situations. A fresh survey would be carried out on the generation and characterization of municipal solid waste in Maharashtra. Subsequently, the municipal solid waste is varied in nature, many samples must be collected and examined to obtain statistically reliable consequences. This overview on status of solid waste management in Maharashtrian cities in India will be beneficial for the competent authorities responsible for municipal solid waste management and researchers to prepare more resourceful strategies.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices on household solid waste management and associated factors in Gelemso town, Ethiopia.

Improper solid waste management in urban and semi-urban cities of developing countries is the source of environmental pollution and public health concern. This study aimed to assess the households' knowledge, attitudes and practices of solid waste management and associated factors in Gelemso town. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the households' KAP of SWM in Gelemso town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 390 households from Gelemso town and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to predict the improper SWM practices. From 390 households included in the study, 61.3% of them were females. Generally, most households had correct knowledge and positive attitudes towards SWM but poor practice was observed in the study area. About 96% of the households considered solid waste as a source of environmental pollution and close to 92% of them replied that solid waste can be used for compost preparation. Majority (87.4%) of the households "strongly agreed" about the potential risk associated with improper solid waste disposal and nearly 80% of them also "strongly agreed" that proper SWM is crucial to create a healthy environment in the community. Nearly 80% had practiced improper SWM. Logistic regression analyses indicated that lack of experience in sorting solid waste, ways of removal, knowledge about reduce, reuse and recycle, absence of adequate solid waste landfills, and lack of door-to-door waste collections services were identified as the major contributing factors for the improper SWM practice in Gelemso town. In conclusion, the majority of the households had practiced improper SWM, such as disposing of solid waste in the backyard, along the roadsides, in gully and burned. These malpractices can significantly affect the environment and public health of the residents.

Changes in Sources and Composition of Beach Waste in Coastal Cities around the Bohai Sea of China during the Tourist Peak and Off-Peak Seasons.

Beach waste is an important pollutant in the Bohai Sea and coastal cities around the Bohai Sea and has raised many social and environmental concerns in China. The semi-closed characteristics of the Bohai Sea, the well-developed tourism, the special industrial structure and residents' living habits endow the beach waste around Bohai sea with a unique character that should be explored. This study investigated changes in the sources and composition of beach waste in coastal cities around the Bohai Sea of China during the tourist peak and off-peak seasons. Beach waste from twenty beaches in thirteen coastal cities around the Bohai Sea was sampled and analyzed in March and August 2021, respectively. The results showed that beach waste around the Bohai Sea was characterized by large quantities and small weights and was greatly affected by human coastal activities. The sources and composition of beach waste from different coasts and different seasons varied, whereas the overall trend was consistent. In terms of composition, beach waste in both the tourist peak season and off-peak season was mainly composed of plastics, fabrics and paper, which accounted for more than 70% of the total in weight. Meanwhile, the proportion of plastics in the total quantity of beach waste was greatest (maximum of up to 71%) and exhibited seasonal fluctuations, trending higher in the tourist peak season than in the off-peak season. In contrast, trends in the proportion of paper and fabrics in the total quantity and total weight of beach waste were relatively stable in different seasons. In terms of sources, beach waste mainly derived from human coastal activities, the proportion of which in the total quantity of beach waste in the tourist peak season reached 70.55% and was 11% higher than that in the tourist off-peak season. Shipping/fishing activities were the second largest source of beach waste, and their proportion in the total quantity of beach waste in the tourist peak season was 5% lower than that in the tourist off-peak season, as the tourist peak season around the Bohai Sea coincides exactly with the fishing moratorium. The quantity of smoking-related waste only accounted for 9.35% and 7.73% of beach waste in the tourist peak and off-peak seasons, respectively. The special semi-enclosed structure of the Bohai gulf, surrounded by land on three sides, aggravated the accumulation of beach waste on the coast. Source reduction and classified recovery, collaborative management of marine waste and beach waste, and joint prevention and control mechanisms of three provinces (Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong) and one municipality (Tianjin) were suggested for comprehensive management of beach waste in coastal cities around the Bohai Sea of China. This study provided valuable information for beach waste management in coastal cities around the Bohai Sea of China.

Benchmarking of integrated sustainable waste management in medium-sized Brazilian cities

Benchmarking of integrated sustainable waste management in medium-sized Brazilian cities

People’s awareness, behavior, and willingness about solid waste management in Bhopal city

People’s awareness, behavior, and willingness about solid waste management in Bhopal city

Assessing the Factors Influencing Effective Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Barishal Metropolitan Areas

Unorganized municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal system leads to stress on ecosystems and disturbs various nature cycles and human health. Solid waste management all over world is looked as a major challenge to civil bodies, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. The proper management system of municipal solid waste depends on various factors like social, cultural, financial, political, environmental, physical and institutional and so on. The purpose of this study is to explore the leading factors that affect the solid waste management in Barishal city. For achieving this purpose, this research first has identified the socio-economic, cultural, physical and technical, institutional and environmental factors and then analyzed the factors which affect the solid waste management system in the study area. To achieve the purpose of the study, quantitative method has been used in this research. As a sample of this study, 150 household heads from total household members of the city have been selected randomly by using lottery method. A structured questionnaire has been constructed for collecting quantitative data. The quantitative data have been analyzed in this study by using SPSS Program, and Microsoft Excel. The findings of the study show that all city people know solid waste and solid waste management stakeholders present in the city and waste pickers collect all types of waste in the city and socio-economic, cultural, physical and technical, institutional factors affect the effective solid waste management in the study area where environmental factors have no influence on effective solid waste management in the study area. The study people have a bad impression of the current existing management system of the solid waste and they express their expectations where they mention that if municipal authorities improve the condition of the infrastructure, roads and vehicles; allow more budgets to manage waste; take proper strategies and planning to manage waste smartly like imposing fines, set up rules, then the municipal authorities will be able to manage solid waste properly. Finally, this research has proposed some recommendations that might be helpful for the policy-makers in the study area for making policies and further research regarding solid waste management.

Innovative Solutions for Waste Management and Recycling in Cities

This study aims to explore and analyze innovative approaches to waste management and recycling in urban settings, focusing on the application of new technologies, citizen participation, and collaborative efforts. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews as the primary method of data collection. Participants included experts, city managers, environmental activists, and individuals with experience and knowledge in waste management and related technologies. Content analysis was conducted to identify main themes, subthemes, and related concepts. The analysis revealed five main themes: New Technologies in Recycling, Citizen Participation, Sustainable Waste Management, Circular Economy, and Culture and Society. These themes encompassed various subthemes such as Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Internet of Things (IoT) for New Technologies in Recycling; Education and Culture-Building, Rewards and Incentives, and Community Initiatives for Citizen Participation; and Government Policies, Infrastructure, and Waste Reduction Strategies for Sustainable Waste Management, among others. The study highlights the importance of adopting multidimensional approaches to waste management that incorporate technology, community engagement, and inter-sectoral collaboration. It underscores the potential of innovative technologies and citizen participation in enhancing recycling processes and promoting sustainable urban development.

Waste Management in Cities of India Need Introduction of Modular Concept for Sustainable Solutions

Waste Management in major cities in India is generally a grey area that needs proper attention. The rapid growth in population in cities caused due to mass influx of rural population in search of employment and better living and also the fast changing living standard in various strata of society are some of the major factors which are rendering even a properly planned scheme to a stage of inadequacy in a very short span of time. A scheme on waste management by the time it is physically implemented on ground is found to become under capacity, facing deficiencies all over places.Whether it is solid waste management or Waste Water Management, the issue of under design and need of augmentation is a common problem being faced on the ground. In such situations of rapid expanding dimensions of problems, introduction of Modular Concept in design of schemes can be more effective and convenient in design, implementation, and subsequent augmentations in phases.Solid waste management which is basically on the principle of 6 R i.e., Recycle, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Re-gift, and Recover, can be planned and designed on a modular basis for a population of 5000 to 10,000 and earmarking a zone of 100,000 sq. ft. as Solid Waste Area having various facilities for composting, incineration, plastic shredding facility, metal segregation cells, cell for electronic waste, and everything at a place to function in an organized manner. Such operations can be handled by RWAs collectively with necessary aids from municipal authorities and the government. Such modular units of waste handling can serve as a tool for local employment.The Modular Concept similarly can also be well applied to Waste Water Management for handling liquid waste from colonies of population of 5000 to 10,000. There are various methodologies for waste water treatments and waste water recycling depending on the nature of the waste, but out of the lot, use of RBC (Rotating Bio Contactors) is more appropriate for small/medium capacity which can be conveniently subjected to phase wise augmentation by adding additional modules time to time.The present concept for aggregating the waste and handling it to transport the entire waste, be it the solid waste or the liquid waste to a far corner of city area for purpose of centralised handling/treatment and disposal. This concept of centralised handling of large mass needs a re-look in the present scenario.

Boosting additive circular economy ecosystems using blockchain: An exploratory case study

The role of new technologies such as additive manufacturing and blockchain technology in designing and implementing circular economy ecosystems is not a trivial issue. This study aimed to understand if blockchain technology can be an enabler tool for developing additive symbiotic networks. A real case study was developed regarding a circular economy ecosystem in which a fused granular fabrication 3D printer is used to valorize polycarbonate waste. The industrial symbiosis network comprised four stakeholders: a manufacturing company that produces polycarbonate waste, a municipality service responsible for the city waste management, a start-up holding the 3D printer, and a non-profit store. It was identified a set of six requirements to adopt the blockchain technology in an additive symbiotic network, bearing in mind the need to have a database to keep track of the properties of the input material for the 3D printer during the exchanges, in addition to the inexistence of mechanisms of trust or cooperation between well-established industries and the additive manufacturing industry. The findings suggested a permissioned blockchain to support the implementation of the additive symbiotic network, namely, to enable the physical transactions (quantity and quality of waste material PC sheets) and monitoring and reporting (additive manufacturing technology knowledge and final product's quantity and price).Future research venues include developing blockchain-based systems that enhance the development of additive symbiotic networks.

Study of Influencing Factors of Domestic Solid Waste Management in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja

Purpose: The study is on the influencing factors of domestic solid waste management in Abuja targeted at investigating and studying the factors influencing domestic solid waste management in Abuja, Historically, the amount of wastes generated by human population was insignificant mainly due to the low population densities, coupled with the fact that there was very little exploitation of natural resources. The problem associated with the management of solid waste in most urban cities in Nigeria, like Abuja, does not completely appear to be a problem of absence of legislative framework for solid waste management owing to the fact that at Federal, States, and Local governments levels, there exist some form of sanitation legislations or the other, but some other factors have come to play with the crises experienced in the management of wastes in the Nigerian urban centers.
 Methodology: The research procedures involve the following: research design, population of the study, sample and sampling techniques, instrumentation, validation of the instrument, administration of the instrument and data analysis techniques.
 Findings: The result of the study to determine the social factor affecting the management of domestic waste: Location have great effect on waste management, not that everyone should leave in that location, but amenities available in that location should be considered in other locations too. There’s is inadequate waste bin located across the location of study. To determine the economic factor affecting the management of domestic waste: The key economic factor affecting waste management is the poor economy of the nation. Poor or bad technological concept lack of facilities, insufficient man power and more affect the waste management. To determine the natural factors affecting household waste management in Abuja: Top on the natural factor that affects solid waste management in Abuja is the wind, topography and flooding. Which made the management of this waste difficult by the waste management companies. Rain have a slight stand out as during rainy seasons waste management team don’t go into all sessions to extract waste.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Further finding solving the research questions shows that the social status of Abuja residence affects the disposal of waste. The lack of finance or poor economic condition result to poor waste management. Some natural element has significance on waste management in Abuja. Some other factor that have significant effect on household waste management, e.g. corruption, bad economy, lack of sensitization and lack of funds. Furthermore, waste reuse will not be out of place hence the territory moves closer to a zero waste level, where all said waste are recycled and reused by the host communities.

Municipal Waste Management in Polish Cities—Is It Really Smart?

Efficient municipal waste management is one of the key aspects of smart cities. In the literature, modern technological solutions are mainly analyzed in this context on the example of specific case studies. However, the author of this article attempts a more fundamental, holistic and comparative assessment of waste management in cities, recognized as smart and aspiring to this title. The objective of this attempt is to answer the following question: What results do the designated cities achieve in terms of waste volume reduction, waste segregation and collection costs? The research was carried out on 16 Polish provincial cities used as examples, including two (Warsaw and Wrocław) classified as smart cities in ranking of the Cities in Motion Index 2020. The analysis period covers 2019–2021, and during the research, in addition to the parameters listed above, a multi-criteria analysis was used to allow a collective assessment of the effectiveness of municipal management in the surveyed cities. The results obtained allow the conclusion that the volume of waste per capita in most of the analyzed cities is steadily increasing. The cost of waste management is also growing significantly. These unfavorable phenomena are particularly acute for smart cities, which in the holistic assessment were ranked among the three least effective units in terms of waste management (Lublin, Warsaw, Wrocław).

Solid Waste Generation and Disposal Using Machine Learning Approaches: A Survey of Solutions and Challenges

We present a survey of machine learning works that attempt to organize the process flow of waste management in smart cities. Unlike past reviews, we focused on the waste generation and disposal phases in which citizens, households, and municipalities try to eliminate their solid waste by applying intelligent computational models. To this end, we synthesized and reviewed 42 articles published between 2010 and 2021. We retrieved the selected studies from six major academic research databases. Next, we deployed a comprehensive data extraction strategy focusing on the objectives of studies, trends of ML adoption, waste datasets, dependent and independent variables, and AI-ML-DL predictive models of waste generation. Our analysis revealed that most studies estimated waste material classification, amount of generated waste per area, and waste filling levels per location. Demographic data and images of waste type and fill levels are used as features to train the predictive models. Although various studies have widely deployed artificial neural networks (ANN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) to classify waste, other techniques, such as gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), have also been utilized. Critical challenges hindering the prediction of solid waste generation and disposal include the scarcity of real-time time series waste datasets, the lack of performance benchmarking tests of the proposed models, the reliability of the analytics models, and the long-term forecasting of waste generation. Our survey concludes with the implications and limitations of the selected models to inspire further research efforts.

Thermal degradation and combustion properties of most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers.

Various products made from biodegradable polymers have been increasing rapidly in the market since the use of non-biodegradable materials has been banned, particularly for the disabled packaging materials. Burning remains the most popular method that is increasingly used in treating city wastes. The impact of these polymers on environmental during thermal degradation and combustion is an important issue for city waste management. In this work, the thermal degradation and combustion behaviours of the most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers in the market, poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkenoates (PHA), are investigated. Both isothermal and non-isothermal thermal decomposition in oxygen and nitrogen environment were studied using thermogravimetric analysis combining with differential scanning calorimeter and coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy. The combustion behaviour was investigated by a combustion colorimeter. The study results show that thermal degradation temperatures are PCL > PBS > PLA > PBAT > PHA. The thermal decomposition of all the polyesters started from scission reaction (cis-elimination), and then a stereoselective cis-elimination, which resulted in the formation of trans-crotonic acid and its oligomers. They all decomposed into CO2 and water in excess oxygen environment above 800°C. Various chemical products with smaller molecules were detected under oxygen-free conditions, including oligomers and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The order of the total heat release of the materials from high to low is as follows: PHA > PCL > PBAT > PBS > PLA. The combustion values of these polyesters are lower than those of polyolefins; thus, they will not damage furnace used currently. The results provide some important and useful data for managing these new city waste.