Waste Management In City Research Articles

Microplastics in sediments of the Pantanal Wetlands, Brazil

Microplastics (<5 mm) can have negative and deleterious environmental effects. However, the scarce information on the levels of microplastics and the factors underlying their input in wetlands, limits the understating of the vulnerability of these ecosystems to microplastics. To contribute closing this important information gap, the concentration (items/m−2), size and the variables related to the distribution of microplastics in fluvial sediments of the Cuiabá River, a tributary of the Pantanal, the world largest flooded Savanna and a UNESCO World Heritage were investigated. The mean microplastic level was 576.8 ± 577.8 items/m−2 of sediments which were mainly fragments (309.0 ± 319.6 items/m−2) and fibers (267.8 ± 339.9 items/m−2). The maximum level was 1938.8 items/m−2 found in the urban stretch of the sister cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, the largest urban agglomeration in the study area. Unexpectedly, the composition of the microplastic with highest average level (240.7 ± 310.4 items/m−2), a blue synthetic fiber, could not be unequivocally determined by RAMAN spectrometry. Its complex composition includes Pb, Li and Nb, suggesting it may derive from electronic waste. Polypropylene (159.2 ± 133.4 items/m−2) and Polyvinyl Chloride (104.6 ± 217.2 items/m−2) were the second and third polymers with higher average levels. The average size of microplastics particles in sampling sites ranged from 0.18 mm to 1.74 mm. Microplastic concentration was positively related to urban areas. Similarly, microplastics particles size decreased with distance from urban areas. These results suggest that urban areas along the Cuiabá River, with poor waste management, are a major source of microplastic pollution in the Pantanal floodplain and that electronic waste might contribute significantly to this contamination. This study highlights the importance of adequate waste management in cities to limit microplastic contamination in areas of ecological importance, such as the Pantanal.

Survey on Household Solid Waste Management in Gbado-Lite city (Nord-Ubangi) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Household solid waste management is a crucial issue for environmental and human health. The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey on household solid waste management in Gbado-Lite (Nord-Ubangi) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A household solid waste survey was conducted in 5 neighborhoods of the city of Gbado-Lite in northern DRC from July to August. Data collection was made possible by stratified probability sampling and direct observations. The results of this study revealed that the main informants (75%) were women and 68% of the respondents were in the 18-35 age group. The main socio-cultural groups in the study area are the Ngbadi (55%) and Ngbaka (16%). In addition, 74% of respondents have secondary education and their main sources of income are commerce (25%), the civil service (20%) and the household (13%). Also, the main solid household wastes identified were organic materials (44%) and packaging (25%); the majority (56%) of respondents did not have garbage cans and used plastic buckets without lids as their main garbage can (75%). Almost all (98%) of the waste does not undergo primary separation. The main waste disposal methods used by households are: landfill (43.87%), abandonment on public land (30.62%) and incineration (18.36%). Finally, the main harms of waste reported are: typhoid fever (29%), malaria (25%) and mosquito proliferation (24%). It is therefore desirable that a public sanitation service be set up in Gbado-Lite to enable households to manage their solid waste properly and thus protect the urban environment and human health.

Implementation Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Dinanagar City of Punjab, India

Unscientific waste management is increasingly becoming a major reason for environmental issues in Indian cities. Unlike previous municipal solid waste management in cities of Punjab (India), this study analyses the implementation of solid waste management. Also, examine the factors responsible for the dysfunction of the municipal corporation of Dinanagar (MCD) city of Punjab (India). To fulfil the research objectives, primary and secondary data are collected from various sources for qualitative and quantitative analysis. However, some drawbacks and flaws were found in the existing practices of Municipal Solid Waste Management. The internal consistency and validity are measured using Cronbach’s alpha. The importance- performance analysis and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats analysis is performed to conclude the present scenario of MCD. This study is eventually concluded with some suggestions to waste managing authorities and researchers for contribution in improvement of current system.

Exemplifying the Zero Waste Concept in smart cities

Due to the environmental imbalance on our planet, the concept of zero waste is gaining importance day by day. It is particularly important in the aspect of production and consumption cycle management and responsible waste management in urban space. The aim of this article is to exemplify methods of reducing waste in smart cities according to the author's Waste Management for Generation, Environment, and Gains (WM2GEG) scheme. An additional aim was to select the most effective ways of rational waste management in smart cities. A structured interview method was used to collect data, and the research sample was selected using the Smart City Index 2020. The study identified environmentally and socially friendly and economically beneficial methods of rational waste management, such as composting organic waste, creating underground waste containers, and incinerating waste with energy recovery. Specific ways to reduce waste are also presented, such as banning disposable packaging and obtaining energy from renewable sources.

Municipal Solid Waste Management and Disposal BMC

Abstract: Solid waste management is a challenge for the cities authorities in developing countries mainly dueto the increasing generation of waste, the burden posed on the municipal budget as a result of the high costs associated to its management, the lack of understanding over a diversity of factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire handling system functioning. Bhubaneswar is one such city of Eastern India, having a moderate and unscientific waste management system. This studies attempts to assess the existing state of municipal solid waste management in Bhubaneswar city with the aim of identifying the main obstacles to its efficiency and the prospects for improvisation of the solid waste management system in the city. The existing solid waste management system in the city is found to be inefficient. This paper systematically assesses the obstacles in the existing solid waste management system in city also ties to assess the potential for its improvisation. Keywords: Solid waste management, municipal, developing countries.

Possible Blockchain Solutions According to a Smart City Digitalization Strategy

With advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in convergence with blockchain technology, cities have been given the opportunity to improve their services, efficiently use resources, and, thus, become Smart Cities. The main properties of blockchain technology like decentralization, immutability, transparency, consensus, and robustness are qualities needed for Smart City. In this paper, we propose a digitalization strategy for the City of Osijek. Smart City digitalization strategy aims to solve problems of emerging urbanization, improve administration by reducing energy and water consumption, carbon emissions, pollution, and city waste management. To develop an information system based on blockchain technology, the administration structure and the current state of information systems are analyzed, and new solutions are presented.

A Review of Future Household Waste Management for Sustainable Environment in Malaysian Cities

In recent years, Malaysia has faced environmental challenges caused by municipal solid waste, especially household waste, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among all the household waste, plastic and paper are the most unmanaged waste that cause environmental issues. Several recycling associations in Malaysia have carried out their practices for better waste sustainability and management to curb the increasing amount of household waste. However, the effectiveness is still vague in achieving smart and effective household waste management. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate Malaysia’s household waste management, mainly in three significant municipalities in Malaysia, namely Kuala Lumpur, Penang, and Melaka, in becoming a resilient and sustainable city by addressing two main research questions: (1) What are the key factors for ensuring the more successful moves for future household waste management in cities? and (2) How do each of the three municipalities of Malaysia cities address their waste issues based on the key factors from RQ1? This paper reviewed 13 waste management articles and explores the potential of the four factors of waste management from the perspective of technology and data, economy, social, and governance. The discussed factors and models contributed to an integrated future-proofing framework that focuses on smart waste tracking, a gamified awareness education, and strict policies to control waste management are the way forward for the future of smart cities household waste management.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in medical waste amounts: a case study from a high-populated city of Turkey.

In this study, the amount of medical waste generated in a high-populated city in Turkey between January 2018 and August 2021 was evaluated, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste amounts and waste production rate was investigated. While a total of 79,027 kg/month of medical waste was produced in the city before COVID-19, this value reached 116,714 kg/month after COVID-19. The increase in the amount of medical waste due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the province was calculated as 48% on average. It was determined that 75% of this waste amount originates from public hospitals in the city. While the production of medical waste was 0.86 kg/bed day in the pre-COVID-19 period, this value increased to 0.96 kg/bed day in 2020 and to 1.34 kg/bed day in 2021 with the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the results obtained, the amount of medical waste reached in the province due to COVID-19 is the amount of medical waste expected to be generated in the 2040s under normal conditions. It is a very important issue in terms of public health that the capacity of waste disposal in medical waste management in cities is flexible to respond to severe epidemic conditions. Based on the information obtained within the scope of the study, changes in the amount of medical waste in a city with a dense population under pandemic conditions can be obtained based on real data and projections regarding disposal capacity can be made more realistically.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10163-022-01428-3.

Changing scenario of municipal solid waste management in Kanpur city, India

Changing scenario of municipal solid waste management in Kanpur city, India

Transformation from IoT to IoV for waste management in smart cities

Big sensor-based data systems and the emergence of large-scale wireless sensor networks (LS-WSNs), which are spatially distributed across various geographical areas in smart cities (SCs) have thrown new challenges for energy-efficient data collection. The traditional approach utilizing IoT-based techniques for data collection and transmission for waste management applications is not energy-efficient and currently infeasible for such LS-WSNs, thus necessitating the need for a transformation to an IoV-based technique, where vehicular networks can be opportunistically exploited for efficient data collection for waste management strategies in SCs. This paper gives two contributions to research in waste management for SCs. First, a comprehensive study of the various IoT-based techniques for waste management in SCs is presented. Survey studies present energy consumption of the sensor-nodes due to high routing/transmission/control overheads as a major challenge. Several IoT-based techniques have been used to optimize the energy efficiency of the sensor-nodes. However, none has effectively addressed the challenges of energy consumption and optimization. The second contribution proposes an IoV-based technique for data collection for waste management in SCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first of such a proposed scheme for SC waste management strategies. Thus, this paper is the first attempt to propose a novel IoV-based model for SC waste management strategies. This technique involves the use of vehicles as opportunistic MDCs to optimize energy efficiency. The paper also proposes using swarm-intelligence-based methods to increase energy efficiency and data collection for SC waste management application. An energy-efficient routing model is very critical to IoT-based applications. Hence, the paper presents an energy-efficient opportunistic model utilizing the ant-based routing algorithms for LS-WSN SC waste management applications. The paper also provides some analytical approaches to determine the energy consumption of the network model. The final part presents experiments in different application scenarios to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results present the proposed approach in good performance in terms of the performance metrics compared to the conventional techniques for waste management strategies.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КАДРОВОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬ-НЫХ СИСТЕМ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ОТХОДА-МИ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ СТАНДАРТОВ

The article substantiates the relevance of improving the staffing of regional waste management systems. The authors identify the problems of the current state of the sphere of waste management in cities and offer ways to solve them based on changing the system of personnel training, taking into account newly introduced professional standards. The novelty of the approach lies in the definition of targets for the develop-ment and implementation of professional standards not only for specialists involved in the field of waste management, but also for employees involved in the process of waste management at enterprises and organiza-tions in various fields.

In support of circular economy to evaluate the effects of policies of construction and demolition waste management in three key cities in Yangtze River Delta

As the driving force of social and economic development worldwide, a vibrant and environmentally friendly construction industry in every country is a necessary element for a successful and green global economy. China has a vibrant construction industry but faces environmental challenges posed by rapid urban redevelopment that generates huge quantities of construction and demolition (C&D) waste in most of its key cities. An understanding of C&D waste management in such cities, including the effectiveness of low carbon and waste reduction policies, can provide the basis for the sustainable development and economic growth of China’s construction industry. This study therefore evaluated the effectiveness of the C&D waste management policies of three key cities in China’s Yangtze River Delta region: Nanjing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou. Information was collected and presented based on statistical analysis and qualitative assessment of the total C&D waste and governance policies of each of the three cities between 2007 and 2018. The results show that Shanghai’s C&D waste annual total difference over the 11 year period is the largest at 2.85 million tons, a decrease of 36.8%, while Hangzhou has the largest difference in the total annual amount of C&D waste of 0.82 million tons, a reduction of 11.8%. Findings from the study provide scientific-based decision support for local and central government when strengthening construction waste management policies in China, as the country works towards a circular economy.

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH KAWASAN DAN TIMBULAN DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

The discussion in our study is about evaluating regional waste management policies and generation in South Tangerang City. In this policy, there are still many obstacles in the field, either performance or inadequate facilities. The achievement of policy objectives has not been optimal due to related parties to external factors, people who are less aware of waste management and the impact of waste hazards. This study aims to investigate the implementation of regional waste management and generation in South Tangerang City. The policy evaluation was analyzed from various aspects, namely: a) Effectiveness, policy evaluation is one of the important stages in the policy cycle. Policy evaluation is carried out after the public policy is implemented. This is to test the policies that have been made are successful or not. b) Efficiency, this is to show the best comparison between an activity and its results. This efficiency is a measure of success that is assessed in terms of human resources and costs to achieve the results of the policies implemented. c) Accuracy, to measure the extent to which a level of effectiveness satisfies a need, value, or opportunity to create a problem. d) Equity is a policy that is created and implemented which is oriented towards equity, meaning that it is a policy that is equitably distributed. e) Responsiveness, this criterion relates to how far a policy can satisfy the needs, preferences, or values ​​of certain groups. This criterion is very important because the analysis can satisfy other criteria. f) Accuracy, this criterion is closely related to rationality and substantive. Because the accuracy of the policy is not related to an individual criterion but two or more together. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Waste management has been regulated, but its implementation has not run optimally. Waste management efforts in South Tangerang City are not enough just to rely on the establishment of Waste Banks and the involvement of the community to participate in managing and also sorting out biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. In addition, the downstream waste problem will not be solved if the upstream does not implement the existing regulations. The government must conduct socialization to the community to sort organic and inorganic waste from home, sort waste from the generation and source areas, Temporary Disposal Sites (TPS) and Final Disposal Sites (TPA).

Environmental and economic assessment of collective recycling waste plastic and reclaimed asphalt pavement into pavement construction: A case study in Hong Kong

The use of waste plastic and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in roadway construction has been considered as sustainable paving practice due to its potential environmental and economic benefits. For cities with scarce land and mineral resource, such as Hong Kong, these benefits are expected to be greater. However, no study has yet attempted to quantitively assess the benefits of simultaneously recycling waste plastic and RAP into road. To fill this gap, this study investigated the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) modified asphalt containing RAP in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) from a life cycle perspective. The technical feasibility was demonstrated by laboratory test results. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) were performed to quantify the environmental and economic impact. This was followed by a sensitivity analysis, which was conducted to identify the critical variables, determine the tolerable variable variations, and estimate the potential loss under the pessimistic scenario. The results show that incorporating waste PET and RAP into pavement could reduce the life cycle costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 26.2% and 29.0%, respectively. The durability was the key factor in maintaining their advantages throughout the pavement life cycle. It was also found that the benefits of using PET modified asphalt were significantly greater than the potential losses. The outcomes of this study are expected to help the practitioners to enhance the sustainability of roadway infrastructure and improve waste management in metropolitan cities like Hong Kong.

Sustainability assessment of municipal solid waste separate collection and treatment systems in a large metropolitan area

Among different modes for municipal solid waste separate collection (SC), there is a lack of scientifically based methods for their selection available for decision-makers. This study develops and applies a methodology based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) aiming to assess and compare the sustainability of different waste management schemes. Considering the city of Bari (Southern Italy) as a supporting case study, 3 systems/visions of city waste management options are considered: (i) bring points systems with about 35% SC rate (S1, status quo); (ii) door-to-door system with an excellent (>80%) SC rate (S2); (iii) combined bring point and door-to-door system (S3, with about 70% SC rate). Scenarios differed mainly on the management of the residual fraction from SC through mechanical-biological treatment (S1 and S2) or recovery of recyclables at material recovery facility (S3). Sustainability is assessed in environmental, economic, and socio-technical terms by means of MCDA and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Results showed that S2 is the best solution in global, environmental, and socio-technical terms, while the weak point is the cost (65.76 € per capita). Even more interesting is the limited deviation between S3 and S2 indicators, amounting to 5.4% and 9.4% in terms of environmental and socio-technical criteria respectively, suggesting a strong competitiveness of the mixed collection mode. Methodologically, the approach proved to be robust and easy to apply by local authority decision-makers.

Real-time smart garbage bin mechanism for solid waste management in smart cities

Unprecedented urbanization and rapid population growth have increased waste generated annually posing challenges to cities globally. The annual World Health Organization reports indicate that many people die from preventable diseases as a result of improper waste disposal and management. The provision of garbage bins is inadequate in the management of solid waste in smart cities. The major problem is that garbage bins fill up quickly, and it takes time for the municipal workers to empty the bins. This paper focuses on a real-time smart garbage bin mechanism for solid waste management in smart cities. Conventional garbage collection and management systems have many shortcomings, including inaccessibility to actual data required, lack of throughput, and late unloading. The mechanism proposed accesses real-time information of any smart garbage bin deployed across the city and helps to resolve the problem of waste overflow from garbage bins and keep the smart cities clean. Fuzzy logic is applied in the strategic deployment of smart garbage bins across the smart cities. The system is implemented on Net-logo which is widely used in multi-agent modelling environments. The significant advantage of the system is its novelty in real-time decision-making and real-time monitoring using the fuzzy logic process.

Green energy harvesting strategies on edge-based urban computing in sustainable internet of things

The development of intelligent urban computing has carried out different critical smart ecological and energy harvesting topics such as intelligent cities and societies. The main concept of the sustainable smart city is established for collecting and negotiation of the Internet of things (IoT) devices and smart applications to help and enhancement of human life. On the other hand, energy harvesting management as an important issue in sustainable urban computing has several challenges arising from the exponential growth of IoT devices, smart applications, and complex population to decrease the related factors on the energy consumption, power-saving, and environmental waste management. However, the notion of energy harvesting management for sustainable urban computing is still growing exponentially, and it should be attended to due to economic factors and governmental obstacles. This paper reviews different existing green energy harvesting strategies on the smart applications of sustainable and smart cities in edge-based intelligent urban computing. The existing energy harvesting strategies have been divided into five categories: smart home management, smart cities, smart grids, smart environmental systems, and smart transportation systems. This review aims to classify technical aspects of energy harvesting management methods in sustainable urban computing concerning applied algorithms, evaluation factors, and evaluation environments. As technical results, a general discussion is essential for the development of existing challenges and open research directions of energy harvesting and waste management for sustainable smart cities that contribute expressively to enhance the energy consumption of smart applications and human life in complex and metropolitan areas.

An entity-relationship model of the flow of waste and resources in city-regions: Improving knowledge management for the circular economy

Waste and resources management is one of the domains where urban and regional planning can transition towards a Circular Economy, thus slowing environmental degradation. Improving waste and resources management in cities requires an adequate understanding of multiple systems and how they interact. New technologies contribute to improve waste management and resource efficiency, but knowledge silos hinder the possibility of delivering sound holistic solutions. Furthermore, lack of compatibility between data formats and diverse definitions of the same concept reduces information exchange across different urban domains. This paper addresses the challenge of organising and standardising information about waste and resources management in city regions.Given the amount and variety of data constantly captured, data models and standards are a crucial element of Industry 4.0. The paper proposes an Entity-Relationship Model to harmonise definitions and integrate information on waste and resources management. Furthermore, it helps to formalise the components of the system and their relationships. Semi-structured interviews with government officials, mobile app developers and academics provided insights into the specific system and endorsed the model. Finally, the paper illustrates the translation of the ERM into a relational database schema and instantiates Waste Management and industrial Symbiosis cases in Buenos Aires (ARG) and Helsingborg (SWE) to validate its general applicability. The data model for the Circular Flow of Waste and Resources presented here enhances traditional waste management perspectives by introducing Circular Economy strategies and spatial variables in the model. Thus, this research represents a step towards unlocking the true potential of Industry 4.0.

Comparative Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kochi and Indore

Conventionally, the general understanding of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is collecting solid waste and its disposal through its developed channels or outside contracts. However, depending upon the situation and context, the definition of MSW varies between countries across the globe. For instance, in countries like Singapore and Japan, Municipal Solid Waste is defined as general waste. However, while categorizing the general waste, the industrial waste component is considered for Singapore and not for Japan. Similarly, different countries associate different definitions for MSW and it becomes a difficult challenge to suggest a single unified definition applicable for all countries. This paper aims to do a comparative analysis of Waste management in Tier-II cities of India, Kochi and Indore. Kochi is ranked 372nd and the latter 1st according to the latest Swachh Survekshan undertaken as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Urban) by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. This paper highlights what the key elements missing out in the management of waste in Kochi from the reference perspective of Indore and identifying the measures Kochi needs to undertake to improve its ranking among the cleanest city in India are.

CURRENT STATE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND PROSPECTS OF ECOLOGICALLY FOCUSED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

The article deals with current issues of the modern state of solid waste management of industrial regions of Ukraine and identifies prospects for their environmentally friendly development. It was argued that it is appropriate to draw attention to the optimization of recycling and disposal of solid waste, taking into account the peculiarities of regional policy on the modernization of solid waste treatment at the existing ones as well as new landfills. It was also noted that an integral part of the regional development strategy is the diagnosis of solid waste management in cities of Ukraine as well as finding optimal ways to recycle waste, which is an alternative source of energy, and a supplier of additional raw materials for the national economy. The consequences of irrational policy on storage, disposal, processing and utilization of solid waste against the background of problems related to the low level of welfare of the population were highlited. It was noted that traditional waste disposal does not completely prevent the negative effects of decomposition, such as rot and fermentation, which have a negative impact on the environment: pollution of soils, groundwater, affects the functioning of ecosystems, harms agriculture. It has been established that the main barriers to improving the efficiency of the solid waste management system are the lack of established norms on the right of ownership of waste and a clear definition of responsibility for their disposal or recycling. The study confirms that the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of solid waste generation in Ukraine still differ from those of developed countries. However, these differences are rapidly decreasing. Emphasis was made on the fact that in many respects the initial conditions in Ukraine are similar to those of the EU, which, given the success of European models of administrative management, will have a positive effect on the application in Ukraine given the local context..