This article examines the relationship between cognitive development and educational technologies, highlighting how the integration of these tools can significantly improve the teaching-learning process. Neuroscience has played a crucial role in offering a detailed understanding of cognitive processes, providing valuable support for the creation of more effective pedagogical practices adapted to the needs of students. Emerging educational technologies, such as augmented reality, virtual reality and artificial intelligence, have shown great potential to make learning more interactive, dynamic and personalized, meeting the particularities of each student. The literature review includes important contributions from renowned authors, such as Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, who discuss the relevance of the environment and the use of technological tools in cognitive development, as well as other theorists who explore how these innovations can positively influence learning. The critical analysis of the article highlights both the opportunities and challenges of integrating these technologies, emphasizing the urgent need for continued training for teachers and the importance of creating learning environments that promote collaboration, interaction and student engagement.