Volumetric Interaction Parameters Research Articles

Estimation of solute transport parameter and mass transfer coefficient in nanofiltration for solvent-diluted palm oil

Membrane technology has been gradually used as an alternative to the conventional purification method in various industries. In the advancement of membrane technology, important elements such as volumetric flux, rejections, mass transfer and interaction parameters have been frequently considered, particularly in the prediction of membrane performance. In this study, an estimation of mass transfer and solute transport parameters in organic solvent was conducted by using the Levenberg-Marquardt least squares method. Combined film theory/solution-diffusion model was selected and was correlated with experimental data to estimate the parameters. The mass transfer and solute transport parameters for the nanofiltration of acetone-diluted palm oil in SolSep 030306 membrane were successfully estimated. The correlation of mass transfer coefficient with feed concentration and stirrer speed were additionally described.

The volumetric properties of water/AOT/isooctane microemulsions with larger-size droplets

The densities of water/AOT/isooctane microemulsions with prepared molar ratios ω of water to AOT being (7, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40) in a wide concentration range were measured at T = 303.15 K with an improved experimental method. The apparent volumes of the quasi-pure solute (water/AOT), the volumetric interaction parameters α and the apparent specific volumes of water and AOT in droplets were deduced. The volumetric properties were found to be sensitive for detecting the structure transformation of the microemulsion droplets. A thermodynamic model was proposed to analyze the stability boundaries of the microemulsion droplets and the mechanisms of their instability.

Volumetric and viscosity properties of glycine in ionic liquid + water solutions at 298.15 K

Densities and viscosities for the glycine + 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Cnmim]Br, n = 2, 4, 6) ionic liquids (ILs) + water systems were measured at 298.15 K. Meanwhile, the apparent molar volumes, VΦ, infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, VΦ0, standard volumes of transfer, ΔtVΦ0, of glycine and volumetric interaction parameters were further calculated. The viscosity B-coefficients of glycine in the aqueous IL solutions were calculated by using the Jones-Dole equation. The results show that both VΦ0 and ΔtVΦ0 values for glycine are positive and increase with increasing IL concentrations and follow the order: [C2mim]Br > [C4mim]Br > [C6mim]Br. However, the B-coefficients at given molalities of the ILs are in the order: [C2mim]Br < [C6mim]Br < [C4mim]Br. These phenomena are discussed and interpreted by means of the structural hydration interaction model and aggregation behavior of the [C6mim]Br in water. This work provides the important basic data for the understanding of the interaction between the ILs and amino acids/proteins and for the design of industrial processes.

Molecular interactions of some amino acids in aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide solutions at different temperatures: A volumetric approach

Abstract Apparent molar volumes, V ∅ of amino acids i.e. glycine, l -alanine, l -serine, l -threonine and DL- α -aminobutyric acid in pure water and in aqueous solutions of imidazolium based ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [ BMIm ] [ Br ] were determined from precise density measurements at temperatures T = (288.15–318.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. Partial molar volumes V 2 o and partial molar volumes of transfer, Δ tr V 2 o of amino acids in aqueous [ BMIm ] [ Br ] solutions have been obtained from the V ∅ data. The V 2 o values follow the order: l -threonine > DL- α -aminobutyric acid > l -serine > l -alanine > glycine. Positive Δ tr V 2 o values for all the studied amino acids indicate the dominance of hydrophilic-ionic interactions between amino acids and [ BMIm ] [ Br ] . The partial molar expansibilities ( ∂ V 2 o / ∂ T ) P and their second order derivatives ( ∂ 2 V 2 o / ∂ T 2 ) P , volumetric interaction parameters, V AB and V ABB , hydration number, n H have been calculated. The charged end groups, V 2 o ( NH 3 + , COO - ) , side chain contributions of the amino acids, V 2 o ( R ) and apparent specific volume, v ∅ have also been obtained from V 2 o and V ∅ data. The results have been interpreted in terms of possible molecular interactions.

Volumetric and viscosity properties of dicationic ionic liquids in (glucose + water) solutions at T = 298.15 K

Apparent molar volumes VΦ,DIL and viscosity B-coefficients of the dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) in {glucose (Glc)+water} solutions were determined from density and viscosity measurements at T=298.15K. Limiting apparent molar volumes VΦ,DIL0 of the DILs, volumetric interaction parameters, and activation energies ΔμDIL0≠ were also obtained, together with the contributions of the solvent property B1 and the dicationic ionic liquid–solvent interaction B2 to the B-coefficient. A linear relation was observed between VΦ,DIL0 and the number of methylene groups n(CH2) in the alkyl linkage chain of DILs. Volumetric interaction parameters and B2 values are positive and increase with increasing the length of alkyl linkage chain of the dication. The DIL–glucose interactions were discussed in terms of the size and solvation of the DILs and glucose.

Application of scaled particle theory to the partial molar volumes of some tetradentate N2O2 type Schiff bases in ionic liquid + DMF solutions

Two tetradentate N2O2 type Schiff bases, 8-amino-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]naphthalene (Salnaph) and N,N-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexadiamine (Salcn), have been synthesized and their densities in ionic liquid, 1-penthyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([PnMIm]Br)+N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solutions measured at 298.15K. These data have been used to calculate apparent molar volumes, Vϕ, standard partial molar volumes, Vϕ0, transfer partial molar volumes, ΔtrVϕ0, pair volumetric interaction parameters, VSI, triplet volumetric interaction parameters, VSII, (calculated using McMillan Mayer theory) interaction volumes, Vint, and cavity volumes, V¯cav, (calculated by use of scaled particle theory) for the solutions studied. All of these parameters were used to interpret the effect of ionic liquid on the solute–solvent interactions and solvation behavior occurring between ionic liquid and Schiff bases in these solutions in terms of scaled particle theory (SPT).

Volumetric Properties of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate–Glucose–Water Systems

Densities for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4)–glucose–water solutions were determined at 298.15 K. The measured densities were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes of glucose (VΦ,S) and [Bmim]BF4 (VΦ,IL) in the studied solutions. Infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, VΦ,S∞ and VΦ,IL∞, have been evaluated, together with the standard transfer volumes of the sucrose (ΔtVS∞) from water to aqueous solutions of [Bmim]BF4 and those of [Bmim]BF4 (ΔtVIL∞) from water to aqueous glucose solution. It was shown that the ΔtVS∞ and ΔtVIL∞ values are positive and increase with increasing molalities of [Bmim]BF4 and glucose, respectively, and the values of VΦ,S∞ have the order of glucose < sucrose. The volumetric interaction parameters for [Bmim]BF4–glucose pairs in water were also obtained and interpreted by the structural interactions model.

Volumetric Properties for Ionic Liquid–Sucrose–Water Systems

Densities for 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl)–sucrose–water solutions were measured at 298.15 K. These data were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes of sucrose (VΦ,S) and [Amim]Cl (VΦ,IL) in the studied solutions. Infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, VΦ,S0 and VΦ,IL0, were also obtained, together with the standard transfer volumes of the sucrose (ΔtVS0) from water to aqueous solutions of [Amim]Cl and those of [Amim]Cl (ΔtVIL0) from water to aqueous sucrose solution. Additionally, the system studied here was compared with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4)–sucrose–water mixture. It was shown that the ΔtVS0 and ΔtVIL0 values are positive and increase with increasing molalities of ILs and sucrose, respectively, and the ΔtVS0 and ΔtVIL0 values have the order of [Amim]Cl > [Bmim]BF4. Additionally, the volumetric interaction parameters for ionic liquid (IL)–sucrose pairs in water were also obtained and interpreted by the structural interactions model.

Interactions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium carboxylate ionic liquids with glucose in water: a study of volumetric properties, viscosity, conductivity and NMR

Extensive applications of ionic liquids (ILs) may result in their accumulation in the ecological environment and organisms. Although ILs are popularly called "green solvents", their toxicity, in fact, has been exhibited. Therefore the interaction of ILs with biomolecules is a cutting-edge research subject. Herein, the interactions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium carboxylate ionic liquids ([C(4)mim][HCOO], [C(4)mim][CH(3)COO] and [C(4)mim][CH(3)CH(2)COO]) with glucose in water were studied for their volumetric properties, viscosity, conductivity and NMR spectra. Limiting apparent molar volumes (V(Φ, IL)(0)), viscosity B-coefficients, limiting molar conductivities (Λ(0)) and Walden products (Λ(0)η(0)) were evaluated for the ILs in glucose + water solutions. Volumetric interaction parameters were also obtained from the transfer volumes of the ionic liquids. The contributions of the solvent properties (B(1)) and the ionic liquid-solvent interactions (B(2)) to the B-coefficient were extracted, together with molar activation energies (Δμ(IL)(0≠)) of the ionic liquids for viscous flow of the aqueous glucose + IL solution. In addition, the (13)C and (1)H NMR spectra of methyl β-D-glucopyranoside and ILs in β-D-glucopyranoside + IL + D(2)O were studied. The NMR results show that no special and strong interactions were observed between glucopyranoside and the ILs. However, it was confirmed that the H2 on the imidazolium ring has more activity (acidity) than atoms H4 and H5. The macro-properties and their changes were also discussed in terms of the size, structure and solvation of the ILs and glucose.

Volumetric properties of d-galactose in aqueous HCl solution at 278.15 to 318.15 K

Densities have been measured for d-galactose + HCl + water at 10° intervals from 278.15 to 318.15 K. The apparent molar volumes ( V Φ,Gal) and standard apparent molar volumes ( V 0 Φ,Gal) for d-galactose in aqueous solutions of 0.2 ~ 2.1 mol kg − 1 HCl have been calculated. Volumetric interaction parameters of galactose with HCl in water have also been obtained from transfer volumes. Results show that V Φ,Gal and V 0 Φ,Gal for galactose in aqueous HCl solutions increase with increasing molality of HCl. At a given temperature, the standard transfer apparent molar volumes (Δ t V 0 Φ,Gal) for galactose from water to aqueous HCl solutions are positive and increase with increasing molality of HCl. In the investigated temperature range, the relation: V 0 Φ,Gal = b 0 + b 1( T − 273.15 K) 0.77 can be used to describe the temperature dependence of the standard apparent molar volumes. Values of standard partial molar isobaric expansion coefficient ( ∂V 0 Φ,Gal/ ∂T) p are positive and decrease with increasing temperature and molalities of HCl.

Volumetric Properties and Conductivities of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate + Sucrose + Water Mixtures

Densities, limiting molar conductivities (Λ0), and Walden products (Λ0η) for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4])−sucrose−water solutions were determined at 298.15 K. The measured densities were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes of sucrose (VΦ,S) and [Bmim][BF4] (VΦ,IL) in the studied solutions. Infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, VΦ,S∞ and VΦ,IL∞, have been evaluated, together with the standard transfer volumes of the sucrose (ΔtVS∞) from water to aqueous solutions of [Bmim][BF4] and those of [Bmim][BF4] (ΔtVIL∞) from water to aqueous sucrose solution. It was shown that the ΔtVS∞ and ΔtVIL∞ values are positive and increase with increasing molalities of [Bmim][BF4] and sucrose, respectively. The volumetric interaction parameters for [Bmim][BF4]−sucrose pairs in water were also obtained and interpreted by the structural interactions model. Additionally, the Λ0 values for [Bmim][BF4] decrease with the molality of sucrose (mS), as well as Walden products (Λ0η), due to ...

Volumetric and Viscosity Properties of MgSO4/CuSO4 in Sucrose + Water Solutions at 298.15 K

Apparent molar volumes VΦ,E for MgSO4, CuSO4, Na2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, and CuCl2 and viscosity B-coefficients for MgSO4/CuSO4 in sucrose + water solutions were determined from density and viscosity measurements at 298.15 K. Infinite-dilution apparent molar volumes VΦ,E0 for Na2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, and CuCl2 in sucrose + water solutions were evaluated. The VΦ,E0 values for MgSO4 and CuSO4 were obtained by an additivity method. An empirical equation VΦ,E = ∑i=0n ∑j=0m Pij miSmj/2E was used to relate the apparent molar volumes of MgSO4/CuSO4 to the molalities (mE and mS). Volumetric interaction parameters were also obtained from the transfer volumes of electrolytes. Activation energies ΔμE0⧺ were also calculated from the viscosity B-coefficients. Results show that the values of standard transfer volumes, viscosity B-coefficients, and ΔμE0⧺ are positive and increase usually with increasing sucrose content.

Activity Coefficients and Volumetric Properties for the NaI + Maltose + Water System at 298.15 K

Activity coefficients for the NaI + maltose + water system at 298.15K were determined by an electrochemical method. The Gibbs energy interaction parameter (gES) and salting constant (kS) have also been calculated. Infinite dilution apparent molar volumes for maltose (VΦ,S) in aqueous NaI solution and those for NaI (VΦ,E) in aqueous maltose solution have been determined from density measurements as well as volumetric interaction parameters. The results are discussed in terms of the structural interaction model and the structural properties of anions.

Volumetric Properties for the Electrolyte (NaCl, NaBr and NaI) Monosaccharide (D‐Mannose and D‐Ribose)‐Water Systems at 298.15 K

AbstractDensities have been measured for the electrolyte (NaCl, NaBr and NaI)‐monosaccharide (D‐mannose and D‐ribose)‐water solutions at 298.15 K. These data have been used to calculate the apparent molar volumes of the saccharides (VΦ,S) and electrolytes (VΦ,E) in the studied solutions. Infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, VΦ,S0 and VΦ,E0, have been evaluated, together with the standard transfer volumes of the saccharides (ΔtVS0) from water to aqueous electrolyte solutions and those of the electrolytes (ΔtVE0) from water to aqueous saccharide solutions. It was shown that both the ΔtVS0 and ΔtVE0 values are positive and increase with increasing molalities of sodium halides and saccharides, respectively. Overall, the ΔtVS0 and ΔtVE0 values have the order of NaCl &gt; NaBr &gt; NaI except for NaI‐ribose and NaI‐ribose. Volumetric interaction parameters for the electrolyte‐monosaccharide pairs in water were obtained and interpreted by the stereochemistry of the monosaccharide molecules and the structural interaction model.

Activity Coefficients and Volumetric Properties for the NaBr + Maltose + Water System at 298.15 K

Activity coefficients and volumetric properties for the NaBr + maltose + water system were determined at 298.15 K by cell potential and density measurements, respectively. The activity coefficients were evaluated respectively from the cell potential data using the Debye−Hückel and the Pitzer equations, and they are in quite agreement with each other. Infinite-dilution apparent molar volumes for maltose ( ) in aqueous NaBr and those for NaBr ( ) in aqueous maltose were evaluated, respectively. Free energy and volumetric interaction parameters (gES and vES) were also obtained. These results were discussed in terms of the stereochemistry of saccharide molecules and the group additivity model.

Volumetric properties and volumetric interaction parameters for the CsCl–monosaccharide ( d-galactose, d-xylose and d-arabinose)–water systems at T=298.15 K

Density measurements have been carried out at T=298.15 K for the CsCl–monosaccharide ( d-galactose, d-xylose and d-arabinose)–water systems. The apparent molar volume of saccharides V φ,S in the ternary solutions, the corresponding infinite dilution apparent molar volume V φ,S ∘, and the standard transfer volume Δ t V φ,S ∘ of saccharides from water to aqueous CsCl solutions have been determined. The McMillan–Mayer theory was employed to relate the excess thermodynamic functions to a series of interaction parameters to obtain the volumetric interaction parameters of CsCl with monosaccharide in water. These parameters are interpreted by the group additivity principle and the stereochemistry of these monosaccharide molecules.

Volumetric Properties and Volumetric Interaction Parameters of the CsCl‐saccharides (D‐glucose, D‐fructose)‐water Solutions at 298.15 K

AbstractDensities have been measured for the CsCl‐saccharide (D‐glucose, D‐fructose)‐water systems at 298.15 K. These data were used to calculate the apparent molar volume of CsCl (Vφ,E) and the saccharides (Vφ,S), and the infinite dilution apparent molar volume Vφ,E0 and Vφ,S0 in the studied solutions. In addition, the standard transfer volume ΔtVφ,E0 of CsCl from water to aqueous saccharides solutions, and ΔtVφ,S0 of saccharides from water to CsCl solutions have been evaluated and discussed using the structural interaction model. The volumetric interaction parameters for CsCl with saccharide in water were obtained and analyzed by the group additivity principle and the stereochemistry of the saccharide molecules.

Volumetric Ion Interaction Parameters for Single-Solute Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions at Various Temperatures

The ion interaction approach developed by Pitzer allows the prediction of thermodynamic characteristics of mixed electrolyte solutions at various temperatures, if the respective parameters for each type of single electrolyte solution are known. Among such thermodynamic characteristics are the volumetric ones (density and apparent molal volumes). A database for the densities and the apparent molal volumes versus concentrations was developed at a temperature interval of 288.15–368.15 K using all available literature sources for each single electrolyte solution formed by various electrically neutral combinations of the following ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cl−, Br−, HCO3−, CO32−, and SO42−). These are the most important ions for industrial solutions as well as for natural waters. Statistical treatment was applied to this database in order to discard poor data. The proper treatment of all sound quality apparent molal volumes, in a wide range of concentrations from infinite dilution through saturation, allowed us to compute sets of volumetric ion interaction parameters (V̄MX0, βMX(0)V, βMX(1)V, βMX(2)V, and CMXV) at various temperatures in a 288.15–368.15 K temperature interval. The validity of the selected sets at various temperatures was demonstrated by a comparison of the experimental and calculated densities for multiple-solute electrolyte solutions containing NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 with an ionic strength reaching 9.23 that resembled Dead Sea water.

Volumetric Properties and Interaction Parameters of Dissolved Gases in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Polyethylene

Henry's law coefficients and partial molar volumes of 34 penetrants (5 inert gases, 6 inorganic gases, 17 hydrocarbon gases, 5 fluorinated gases, and CCl4 vapor) dissolved in poly(dimethylsiloxane) and low-density polyethylene were determined at 25 °C by measuring sorption of the gases and the concomitant dilation of the polymers. From the Henry's law coefficients and the partial molar volumes, Flory−Huggins parameters for polymer/gas interactions were estimated. The partial molar volumes were correlated with critical molar volumes of gases, and the interaction parameters were found to depend on the partial molar volumes. These relationships for the fluorinated gases were clearly different from those of all other gases. For CO2 and CH4 in poly(dimethylsiloxane), partial molar volumes and interaction parameters were obtained as a function of temperature over a range −30 to 95 °C. Thermal expansivities of these dissolved molecules were estimated to be 2 × 10-3 °C-1 from the temperature dependence of partial...

Partial molar volumes of some α-amino acids in aqueous sodium acetate solutions at 308.15 K

The apparent molar volumes V 2,φ have been determined for glycine, dl-α-alanine, dl-α-amino-n-butyric acid, dl-valine and dl-leucine in aqueous solutions of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol kg −1 sodium acetate by density measurements at 308.15 K. These data have been used to derive the infinite dilution apparent molar volumes V 0 2,φ for the amino acids in aqueous sodium acetate solutions and the standard volumes of transfer, Δ t V 0, of the amino acids from water to aqueous sodium acetate solutions. It has been observed that both V 0 2,φ and Δ t V 0 vary linearly with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of the amino acids. These linear correlations have been utilized to estimate the contributions of the charged end groups (NH 3 +,COO −), CH 2 group and other alkyl chains of the amino acids to V 0 2,φ and Δ t V 0. The results show that V 0 2,φ values for (NH 3 +,COO −) groups increase with sodium acetate concentration, and those for CH 2 are almost constant over the studied sodium acetate concentration range. The transfer volume increases and the hydration number of the amino acids decreases with increasing electrolyte concentrations. These facts indicate that strong interactions occur between the ions of sodium acetate and the charged centers of the amino acids. The volumetric interaction parameters of the amino acids with sodium acetate were calculated in water. The pair interaction parameters are found to be positive and decreased with increasing alkyl chain length of the amino acids, suggesting that sodium acetate has a stronger dehydration effect on amino acids which have longer hydrophobic alkyl chains. These phenomena are discussed by means of the cosphere overlap model.