Introduction: the article identifies and analyzes the problems of improving the system of strategic planning, implemented at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Objectives: to assess the quality of the strategic planning system in the regions of the Volga Federal District, by identifying factors that ensure the consideration of both actual and planned values of its implementation. Methods: system analysis, statistical method, grouping, normalization, graphical method. Results: the problems of strategic planning and the main factors reducing the quality of its implementation at the level of the Russian Federation regions have been identified. In the case-study of the Volga Federal District regions, strategic planning documents were analyzed in terms of the degree of implementation (2010–2020) and the planned parameters for 2025 and 2030. It has been established that the main factors having the strongest impact on the strategic planning quality are the index of the investments physical volume in fixed capital and real monetary incomes of the population. To assess the quality of strategic planning and to provide for a comparative analysis of its dynamics across the regions of the Volga Federal District, an integral index has been proposed that takes into account both actual and planned parameters in the context of changes in the main performance results: general economic (GRP per capita), investment (investment in fixed assets) and social (life expectancy) ones. The calculations showed that by 2030 (should the approved plans be implemented in full) the overall rating positions of the regions will be maintained, with some reduction in the gap between the upper echelon Russian regions and the leading region (the Republic of Tatarstan) and an increase in the differentiation of regions in the Volga Federal District as a whole. Conclusions: improving the quality of the strategic planning system is a complex, multifaceted process that requires taking into account many factors of a different nature. For some of those considered in the article, proposals for levelling were made to improve strategic planning and the quality of its implementation in the Volga Federal District regions.