ВЫСШЕЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В РОССИИ И В ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Abstract

The article discusses the development of higher education in Russia and in the Orenburg region, analyzes its reform and the university system. Particular attention is paid to the spatial location of universities and the role of universities in the development of resource-type regions. The study was conducted using methods of comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis, tabular and interpretation of the results obtained. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of higher education in the Orenburg region and develop practical recommendations for its improvement. The article compares the development of higher education in Russia, in the Volga Federal District and in the Orenburg Region, as well as in different types of regions. Using the example of the Orenburg region, it is shown that the positions of universities in resource-type regions are deteriorating. This is manifested in a decrease in the number of students, a reduction in the teaching staff and in the loss of competition for status university. However, regional universities play an important role in the development of the productive forces of the region: personnel training, scientific research, improvement of cultural space, development of international relations, etc. Recommendations are offered on strengthening the base of regional universities, providing conditions for the employment of graduates in the region, organizing the “feeding” of teaching staff by graduates of high-status universities of the country. In conditions when the paradigm of higher school development is directed towards academic capitalism, it is proposed to distinguish between commercial and academic activities, that is, some are mainly engaged in the commercialization of research results, others are mainly engaged in teaching activities. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the fact that it contributes to the theoretical understanding of the processes of higher school development and provides an opportunity to use proposals for improving higher education education in the region.