Translation Of Vocabulary Research Articles

ЯДЕРНЫЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ КОНЦЕПТОСФЕРЫ ‘MEDICINE’ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The conceptual framework ‘medicine’ within the English lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media discourse was considered in this paper. The research was motivated by current medical innovations accompanied by word-coining contributing to the renewal of nuclear concepts and their semantic content within the conceptual framework ‘medicine’. The nuclear concepts of the above-mentioned conceptual framework focusing upon semantic, synonymic, and hyper-hyponymic features of medical nouns in English were studied and systematized. For this purpose, the methods of data collection, description, and classification of the empirical materials with elements of semantic and conceptual analysis were used. The key aspects of the modern conceptual framework ‘medicine’ were identified. It was discovered that the conceptual framework ‘medicine’ in the modern English lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media types of discourse is basically actualized through the following nuclear concepts: ‘diseases’, ‘diagnostics and treatment methods’, and ‘drugs’. Interestingly, the nuclear concepts in all types of the English professional discourse enrich and develop the conceptual framework ‘medicine’ with medical terms related to the corresponding professional markers, synonyms, hyponyms, and hyperonyms. The results obtained provide both a valid background for better explanation, translation, and application of medical vocabulary in terms of modern lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media communication strategies.

Стратегии и тактики дизайна городской среды в контексте развития деревянной застройки исто-рических кварталов Иркутска

The purpose of this research is to study the theoretical and methodological aspects of the develop-ment of design in urban areas in the context of the implementation of tools for the translation of spe-cific vocabulary of shaping for the local cultural tradition. The research methods comprise the devel-opment of local strategies and tactics for the formation of the architectural and compositional identity of the urban environment, which are practically poorly studied, while the problems of the uniqueness of development of the urban areas are a priority in modern urbanism. Particular attention is paid to the problems of the formation, preservation, and development of the urban environment design, as well as solving the problems of the native arrangement of modern urbanized spaces. Solving these problems allows optimizing the choice of generated options, which is especially important in the process of de-signing urbanized areas. The aspects of the urban identity of the historical environment of the cultural and social center of a Siberian settlement presented in the paper make it possible to operate with vari-ous types of dimensional quantities, from the formation of a spectrum of parameters to their compara-tive assessment, and as a result, a system of criteria for the compliance of the initial situation of the composition with a given benchmark. The results of the study confirmed the existing theoretical posi-tions, thereby proving the effectiveness of the study.

MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KAMUS TIGA BAHASA NEGARA BERBASIS ANDROID

The purpose of this study is to create a dictionary application in three languages that can help users to make it easier to search for English, Korean and Indonesian vocabulary. Dictionary of 3 State Languages is a learning media that can provide convenience for students and the general public. The phenomenon that occurs is that students in the class have problems with foreign languages to complete the tasks given by the teacher in fulfilling the learning contributions needed in the learning process in foreign language subjects. This application is designed using UML, Eclipse and SQLite database. The design of this application is very useful for students, teachers, and even the general public. The method used in designing this application is the Waterfall System Development Life Cycle method. The stages carried out consist of data collection, analysis of problems and requirements, and testing. Data collected from Indonesian dictionaries, Japanese dictionaries, English dictionaries and preparatory software is required to build an application. The next step is to build an application with Eclipse and the last process is to complete the application and implement it to an android device which provides vocabulary translation services into three languages at once.. Keywords: Android, Foreign Language, Dictionary, Application

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF TRANSLATING LITERARY TEXTS TOLD BY THE UNRELIABLE NARRATOR (BASED ON “THE CURIOUS INCIDENT OF A DOG IN THE NIGHT-TIME” BY M. HADDON)

The paper focuses on the peculiarities of literary translation of the texts where the story is told by an unreliable narrator. This relatively new way of narration has not been properly considered yet, as well as the criteria of an unreliable narrator and the translation strategy that should be chosen while translating such fiction. The paper discusses the features of this literary device, its functions and the ways of its linguistic representation. The paper is based on the novel “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” by M. Haddon and its translation into Russian made by A. Kukley in 2003. The comparative analysis of the source and target texts focuses on the stylistic peculiarities of the novel and the language personality of the unreliable narrator. The paper reveals the following challenges that a translator can deal with: the formation of a speech profile of the narrator, the translation of colloquial vocabulary and the translation of realia. Each example that includes an extract from the original book and its translation shows the features of the narrator’s speech profile; these features can have an impact on the translation and thus, should be taken into consideration throughout the whole process of translating. The analysis touches upon the examples representing inadequate translation, and for this reason, an alternative variant, the most relevant one and conveying the idea of the author of the original book is provided. The authors make a conclusion about the best translation strategy to be used while dealing with literary texts told by an unreliable narrator.

Difficulties in translating Russian classics: Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” in English and French

A translator of classical literature is faced with the task of identifying the goal and methods of conveying the national originality of a generally recognized literary masterpiece. The article considers this problem in the context of translations of the novel in verse Eugene Onegin by Alexander Pushkin into English and French. At the same time, it raises the questions of the translators attitude to their own work, the depth of interpretation of the original, the degree of adaptation of the original text for a foreign reader. In addition, a matter of great importance is the translators assessment of the result of their own work, which is reflected in their comments and preface to the translated text. The goal of this research is to substantiate the importance of the linguistic and cultural function of comments and prefaces, which also made it possible to identify the features of the translations themselves and emphasize their continuity. When translating works of classical literature, translators do not limit their task to the translation itself. In this regard, the preface-commentary complex is viewed in the article as an important part of the translators work. The research material includes about 40 English and over 10 French translations made in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries and presented in chronological order. Mainly those that are accompanied by prefaces and comments were selected for the analysis. The research helps to present the translations of the novel not only in terms of continuity, but also in terms of their authors critical attitude to each other, thus bringing these components of translation into the focus of a professional discussion. As a result of comparing various translations, it is possible to identify the difficulties of literary translation of the novel Eugene Onegin , which include the preservation of its poetic form, the panoramic nature of its composition, including scenes of life of the 19th century Russian nobility, and the national spirit associated with the translation of national and cultural vocabulary. The research confirms that the very fact of numerous translations of this novel, which is paradigmatic for the Russian culture, can be viewed as a form of its worldwide recognition, regardless of the professional and reader's assessment of these translations. This enables us to speak of the existence of a strong tradition that has developed in European translation studies around this particular work.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ УКРАЇНОМОВНОГО КУЛЬТУРНО-СПЕЦИФІЧНОГО ТЕКСТУ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ

The article deals with the ways and methods of cultural specific vocabulary in Mariia Skrypnyk`s translation of the novel On Sunday morning she gathered herbs by Olha Kobylianska in English. It was shown that different methods and means of translation should be combined for successful rendering of national coloring.The relevance of this work is based on the rapid development of Ukrainian culture, literature and economy on the world stage.The aim of the work is to study the peculiarities of the translation of cultural realities of the Ukrainian text.The research is based on the translation-comparative method, the comparative method, the method of translation analysis.Each language group has its own cultural and specific feature.It is established that the cultural-specific vocabulary includes realities, non-equivalent vocabulary, exclamations, proper names, geographical names. The following translation transformations were used for their transmission: transcription, transliteration, tracing, descriptive translation and explanations in the commentary. All these translation transformations are aimed at the successful transfer of nationally marked vocabulary and the preservation of the national colors of a certain nation.Despite the fact that many works by various scholars have been devoted to the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary, translators still have difficulty in conveying the meaning and understanding of realities. Accurate translation of national vocabulary is very important for understanding the text, especially fiction, because it is an important way of intercultural communication.For the successful reproduction of nationally marked vocabulary, the translator must have the necessary knowledge of the semantics and meaning of words in the original language.Because language is dynamic and can change quite rapidly, the translation of culturally specific vocabulary is an inexhaustible topic for research.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕДАЧІ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ПРОМОВИСТИХ ТА КАЛАМБУРНИХ ІМЕН У ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ПРАЦЬ Т. ПРАТЧЕТТА

The relevance of our research is based on the growing popularity of the fantasy comedy genre. Since modern readers are more and more interested in foreign literature, translators are faced with the task of creating an adequate translation that will accurately reproduce the personal style and all the elements of a separate universe created by an author, as well as convey the meaning that the author puts in his works to his readers. Since the main feature of Terry Pratchett’s personal style is the use of pun and tell-tale names in his works, thus arises the question of proper translation of this particular vocabulary. This work is devoted to the study of the culture of English proper names, mostly pun and tell-tale names; and analysis of translation choices for such vocabulary in the works of Russian translators. The dominance of the semantic translation method is determined by extensive use of occasionalism in Pratchett’s works. As for transcription/transliteration or their mixing — the translator uses them if he doesn’t see any meaning behind a particular character name. In some cases, it is possible to talk about the creative component of the translated text, about bringing a translator’s personality to the novel. This individuality does not distort Pratchett’s personal style and his original solutions, which appear in translation. The purpose of this work is to analyze the linguistic and stylistic specificsof proper names translation techniques in a series of fantasy comedy «Discoworld» from English into Russian. The paper presents an analysis of the specifics of the interpretation of pun names taking into account difficulties and cases where the translation does not match the original. The results of the study will help to avoid possible difficulties in the future and find new ways to solve them. This will help to optimize the quality oftranslation, which in turn will lead to an improvement of the quality of the final product.

МЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНА ЛЕКСИКА В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ І КИТАЙСЬКІЙ МОВАХ: СИСТЕМНИЙ ПЕРЕКЛАД

Within the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics there is a steady interest in the human factor in language, which, among other things, is realized through the close attention of researchers to the theory of linguistic pictures of the world, which fully reflects the uniqueness of peoples Human life and activity are inseparable from nature. Nature is one, but manifests itself in various forms. In the process of learning about nature, man tries to realize both its unity and diversity. A special place in the perception of the world by man is occupied by climatic and weather phenomena that affect human behavior in the world, various aspects of his life, including economic, as well as well-being. In the IV century. BC became aware of the impact of fluctuations in weather conditions on human health. For example, Hippocrates established a close link between human disease and the weather conditions in which he lives. Over the centuries, people have gathered a variety of knowledge about nature: from misunderstanding of natural phenomena, fear of them, inherent in ancient people, to today’s scientific knowledge of nature, from the first folk signs of weather to the formation of modern science — meteorology. Nature as a source of everything necessary for man has an impact on both the material and spiritual culture of society. Therefore, knowledge of meteorological phenomena occupies an important place in the awareness of reality. The article considers the peculiarities of meteorological vocabulary in Chinese and Ukrainian languages, as well as the peculiarities of meteorological vocabulary translation in two languages.

RETRACTED: Image recognition of english vocabulary translation based on FPGA high-performance algorithm

English vocabulary translation image recognition is the essential system to analyze the text image and recognize the sentence. Many image processing techniques explain the Image recognition of English vocabulary translation in image data, but the accuracy is less. So the proposed Neural Network (NN) is introduced in this system. In this system analysis, the text input image enhances the input image quality and extracts the feature. To develop a Neural Network (NN), it is essential to analyze the solution process based on image processing technology and many appropriate problems. In the previous technique is very difficult to explain the input image to recognize the English vocabulary word. The image is first preprocessed to enhance the input image quality, and the next step to extract the image feature and the text image is classified. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the use of the proposed Neural Network (NN) to solve common problems in Image recognition of English vocabulary translation. This proposed Neural Network (NN) methodology is the analysis. It improves the system accuracy with the help of FPGA Xilinx software. The work demonstrates the classification efficiency of 98.05% and tabulates the values that perform previous results in this widely related research field, giving accurate results.

Analyzing Subword Techniques to Improve English to Sinhala Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation (NMT) is a remarkable approach which performs much better than the Statistical machine translation (SMT) models when there is an abundance of parallel corpus. However, vanilla NMT is primarily based upon word-level with a fixed vocabulary. Therefore, low resource morphologically rich languages such as Sinhala are mostly affected by the out of vocabulary (OOV) and Rare word problems. Recent advancements in subword techniques have opened up opportunities for low resource communities by enabling open vocabulary translation. In this paper, we extend our recently published state-of-the-art EN-SI translation system using the transformer and explore standard subword techniques on top of it to identify which subword approach has a greater effect on English Sinhala language pair. Our models demonstrate that subword segmentation strategies along with the state-of-the-art NMT can perform remarkably when translating English sentences into a rich morphology language regardless of a large parallel corpus.

BioNMT: A Biomedical Neural Machine Translation System

To solve the problem of translation of professional vocabulary in the biomedical field and help biological researchers to translate and understand foreign language documents, we proposed a semantic disambiguation model and external dictionaries to build a novel translation model for biomedical texts based on the transformer model. The proposed biomedical neural machine translation system (BioNMT) adopts the sequence-to-sequence translation framework, which is based on deep neural networks. To construct the specialized vocabulary of biology and medicine, a hybrid corpus was obtained using a crawler system extracting from universal corpus and biomedical corpus. The experimental results showed that BioNMT which composed by professional biological dictionary and Transformer model increased the bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) value by 14.14%, and the perplexity was reduced by 40%. And compared with Google Translation System and Baidu Translation System, BioNMT achieved better translations about paragraphs and resolve the ambiguity of biomedical name entities to greatly improved.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ПЕРЕКЛАДУ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ ГАЛУЗЕЙ КОРАБЛЕБУДУВАННЯ ТА СУДНОПЛАВСТВА

The article is devoted to the terminological aspects of translation, which cause difficulties in reproducing the German professional vocabulary of the shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language. The authors consider a special vocabulary, which includes professional vocabulary, jargon and nomenclature. And since these days international communication plays a crucial role in the formation of the country on the world stage, the focus is precisely on terminology, the correct translation of which will allow experts in any industry to understand each other. The case study revealed that the Ukrainian terminology of shipbuilding and seafaring is non-uniform and non-standard, which significantly complicates the translation. The main obstacle to adequate translation is the phenomenon of synonymy. Maritime terminology has a rich tradition in the German language, which is associated with the presence of realities that should be reproduced by means of the Ukrainian language. In this case, the approach of lexical borrowing is useful, which provides target text economy; although in some cases, it can complicate the perception of exotic vocabulary in the target language. In order to avoid these difficulties, it is appropriate to use descriptive translation or analogue choice in particular cases. Many terms of shipbuilding and seafaring are part of the phraseological units, which creates additional difficulties in translating the latter. The main research presents the ways of rendering of German terms in the field of shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language within the lexical and semantic approaches of translation, represented by the techniques of transcription, loan translation and descriptive translation. Loan translation and transcription (in particular, practical transcription) were identified as the main translation techniques. As the result of researched vocabulary analysis, it was revealed that the main difficulties during translation are caused by etymology of lexems and collocations. For adequate translation of special vocabulary of shipbuilding and seafaring, it is necessary to use the relevant subject knowledge and thoroughly explore the semantics of paticular terminological units.

汉语颜色词的语义模糊性及其韩译研究: 以《唐诗三百首》为例

Fuzziness is one basic feature of the natural language, and exists on every level of the language system. Fuzziness poses an important problem in translation research. It needs to be examined and studied thoroughly. Employing fuzzy theory to assist translation studies will greatly promote the development of translation theory and practice. Therefore, Taking fuzzy theory as the support and “Three Hundred Tang Poems”translated by Lin Dongxi as the translation corpus, this study tries to establish Chinese and Korean bilingual corpus. By corpus research method, this paper aims to analyze the fuzzy color words in “Three Hundred Tang Poems”and Lin’s translation, examine translation activities in combination with the fuzzy nature of natural language and explore the strategies of fuzzy vocabulary translation. The fuzziness of word meaning might cause obstacles to translation, which means that the translator should use fuzzy thinking to reasonably adjust the explicit and implicit relationship of these mantic information of the source language, so as to reproduce the expression effect of the original text to the maximum extent. In the actual translation process, the translator should first compare and analyze the fuzziness of the two languages, understand the cultural phenomena behind the languages, and find out the concepts with equivalent effect in the target language. After clarifying the context of the original text, the fuzzy words should be translated flexibly to avoid mistranslation or dead translation, so as to ensure the accuracy and fluency of translation.

English Terms of Terminological Field Legal Profession: Motivation of Choice and Translation

The article deals with the urgent issue of translation of special vocabulary. It has been proved, that effective study of English legal terminology by Russian native speakers is possible when there is profound knowledge of the corresponding piece of worldview shared by the English native speakers and understanding how the cognition of one nation is translated into the worldview of another nation. This understanding is achieved by means of studying concepts named by legal terms. The authors have systematized the difficulties, which appear in the process of English-Russian translation of the terms within the field of legal profession. Etymological, universal, national and professional conceptual layers named by the legal terms: barrister, solicitor, attorney, lawyer, адвокат, coroner, Personal Injury Law have been characterized, the peculiarities, which motivate representative variants of translation – found out. The appearance of new signs in the structure of concepts, represented by the terms legal research, discovery, legal writing has been detected; the choice of translation techniques applied for these terminological units is explained. The research has revealed the changes in the piece of worldview of the English native speakers connected with the appearance of new concepts named by the terms ediscovery and predictive coding. The choice of translation techniques has been justified.

English and russian architectural and construction terminology: approaches to classification and systematization of terms

The rapid growth in the number of terminological units, the number of inaccuracies in the translation of architectural and construction vocabulary necessitated the streamlining and comprehensive unification of terms. However, effective unification of terminology should be based on preliminary linguistic research. In this regard, the approaches and classifications of architectural and construction terms in English and Russian in a comparative aspect are studied and systematized. The consideration of the architectural thesaurus contributed to the identification of its aspects: activities, physical characteristics, style and era, materials, agents, elements and equipment. The research revealed such classifications as the name of the units of measurement of physical quantities, the name of symbols, designs with participles; classifications characterizing specific functional types of buildings, names of subject concepts, borrowed terms, which underwent significant overview during assimilation. Based on these classifications, emphasized is that the classification of architectural vocabulary is impossible without analysis, identification of information transmitted in a manner.

‘A Puzzle that Needs to be Fitted Together’: The Beginning of My Autoethnographic Journey of Learning French Through Music

This is the first of several installments of an autoethnography about my experiences as a self-directed learner studying French over a six-week period. My studies paralleled work that students were completing in an English language course at a Japanese university and occurred simultaneously with theirs. I set a learning goal and focused on vocabulary and listening skills in order to better understand French language songs. In doing so, I not only revisited past knowledge of French, but also examined my learning techniques and developed strategies as I made weekly study plans. In this installment, I will give an overview of the project, and tell how I arrived at it and why I chose to study French. I will also describe my language learning history, especially with regard to French and Japanese. Data consisted of observation notes, weekly reflections, song lyrics with my vocabulary translations, and a log of days/time spent studying. This installment goes through the first week of the project, when I chose a song to study, a strategy to try, resources to use, and then did those things. At the onset, I doubted whether I could be successful, but was also excited and motivated to begin a new endeavor.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБРАЗНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ ОЛОНХО «НЮСЕР БЁГЁ»(в сравнении с ономатопами японского языка)

В статье представлены результаты компонентного анализа значений образной лексики якутского языкав сравнении с ономатопоэтической лексикой японского языка на материале текста олонхо «Бюдюрюйбэт Нюсэр Бёгё» сказителя Н. М. Тарасова и его перевода на японский язык. Цель исследования, предпринятого в рамках данной статьи, заключается в выявлении посредством компонентного анализа особенностей значения образной и ономатопоэтической лексики в эпическом тексте, а также в определении универсального и специфичного в исследуемом материале двух неродственных языков. Актуальность обуславливается относительной малоизученностью содержательной характеристики образной лексики якутского языка, а также интересом к изучению семантической структуры слова в сравнительном аспекте. Применяемый метод компонентного анализа предполагает выделение интегральных и дифференциальных признаков значения, отличающих образную лексику от нейтральной. Для анализа значения слов использованы словарные дефиниции из «Большого толкового словаря якутского языка» и словарей ономатопоэтических слов японского языка.В ходе исследования выделено 26 единиц образных слов якутского языка и 18 единиц ономатопоэтических слов. Из них только в трех случаях перевод образной лексики произведен посредством ономатопоэтической. В остальных случаях образная лексика переведена с помощью близкой по значению, нейтральной лексики. Установлено, что образную и ономатопоэтическую лексику объединяет наличие в их значении дополнительной дифференцирующей семы, указывающей на объект действия или описания, а также полисемичность за счет перехода от значения звукоподражания к представлениям о движении, состоянии или внешней форме. Отличительными чертами ономатопоэтической лексики японского языка можно считать выделение семы, характеризующей психофизическое состояние объекта. Якутская образная лексика отличается тем, что в основном опирается на описание внешнего вида, физическую характеристику человека.

Peculiarities of the English Legal Text Discourse: The Issues of Interpretation and Translatability

The growth of international cooperation, trade, tourism and emigration arouses the interest of both linguists and legal experts in the theory and practice of legal translation. The existing difference in the laws of countries, basic features typical of Russian and English legal discourse should be taken into account when dealing with juridical texts. The issue of adequate transfer of the content of legal documents is of importance when translating from one language to another. To identify the basic features typical of the English juridical vocabulary and to offer a methodology for solving the problems occurring when translating juridical texts, the authors implement the methods of syntactic, vocabulary, comparative and comparative translation analysis. The studied material is certain lexemes (commonly used words, terminology, professionalisms, Latinisms, abbreviations and idioms), legal texts (court rulings, legal contracts, official business documents) taken from the authentic British and American legal sources as well as examples from the authors’ translation and teaching practices. The authors believe that a retrospective analysis of conditions contributing to Legal English historic development will facilitate sufficient comprehension of subject areas constituting legal discourse. The findings indicate that the difference between the Russian and English juridical lexemes is conditioned by both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors.

Фаунонимическая лексика в древней китайской поэзии и её перевод на русский язык

The article considers specificity of the Chinese faunonymous vocabulary in Li Bai’s poems from the viewpoint of linguoculturology and linguistics, analyses peculiarities of its translation into Russian. The paper aims to identify faunonymous lexical units in Li Bai’s poetical texts and to reveal techniques to translate them into Russian. Scientific originality of the study involves developing techniques to translate faunonymous lexical units bearing special cultural load. The findings indicate that translation of faunonymous vocabulary requires taking into account contextual interrelations. If necessary, a translator’s commentary should be provided.

Investigation on Chinese College Students’ English Expressiveness of Chinese Cultural Vocabulary in Independent College

Basing on Aphasia of Chinese culture in English teaching and learning, this paper investigated Chinese students’ expressiveness of Chinese cultural vocabulary in an independent college by vocabulary translation test. The results indicated that Chinese college students’ expressiveness of Chinese cultural vocabulary was far from satisfactory. After analyzing the reasons for their poor English expressiveness of Chinese words related to Chinese culture, suggestions were also proposed to improve students’ ability to express Chinese culture.