Language Vocabulary Research Articles

Strategies of Lexical Semantization by Foreign Students: Experimental Study of Metalinguistic Activity

Foreign students demonstrate different strategies in interpreting lexical meaning as they struggle to explain new words. This article introduces predominant and secondary semantization strategies in students of Russian as a foreign language. The predominant definition strategy was represented by different models in everyday practice of lexical semantization. Interpretations developed according to two models: 1) denotation and verbally-logical differential characteristics; 2) denotation and visually-efficient differential characteristics. The research hypothesis presupposes a certain correlation between the level of Russian vocabulary acquisition and the default semantization strategy. The research objective was to describe predominant and secondary semantization strategies using general and specific scientific methods. The linguistic experiment involved specific vocabulary of the Russian language, i.e., lexemes house, book, ring, table, and lantern. The results could be used in teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as to expand the boundaries of research in the ways of foreign vocabulary acquisition.

Design of Cooperative Learning Module Elements to Improve Indonesian Vocabulary of Early Childhood

The low ability of young children in Indonesian vocabulary requires appropriate learning techniques. Cooperative learning is appropriate learning used to teach vocabulary in early childhood. The purpose of the research was to determine the expert's assessment of the activity elements in the cooperative learning module to improve the vocabulary of Indonesian language in early childhood. The research sample consisted of 15 teachers and lecturers in the field of early childhood education who were selected based on purposive sampling. In this study, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) using five Likert scales was used to collect expert assessment data. Data were analyzed using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and Defuzzification Process. In this research, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) using five Likert scales was used to collect expert assessment data. Data were analyzed using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and Defuzzification Process. The results showed that 13 elements of the learning module activities had met expert agreement or had been accepted by experts. In conclusion, this research has succeeded in developing the design of cooperative learning module elements to improve early childhood vocabulary that is systematic and in accordance with the curriculum. The implications of this research can be used as a guide for developing modules and improving learning.

Variasi dan Komponen Makna Verba Pewarta pada Korpus Berita Daring

"Reporting verbs indicate a conversation (Romli, 2018:35). In news texts, reporting verbs are used intensively to provide information. This research focuses on the identification of variations, frequencies, and the analysis of meaning components as proposed by Nida (1975) regarding the usage of reporting verbs in online news corpus. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a lexical semantic approach. Data were obtained from news texts published by Kompas.com and Detik.com during August 8-10, 2023, with the theme 'Ferdy Sambo's Death Sentence Turned into Life Imprisonment.' Based on the research findings, 17 variations of reporting verbs were found in the news corpus, with the verb 'mengatakan' (to say) being the most dominant with a frequency of 83 occurrences. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of meaning components for the verbs 'mengatakan'(to say), 'menyatakan' (to state), 'menjelaskan' (to explain), and 'menyebut' (to mention), differences in usage were found through the differentiation of the meaning components of each reporting verb. This research is expected to contribute by highlighting the differences in meaning among synonymous verbs to demonstrate the diversity of the Indonesian language vocabulary.

The effects of study abroad on L2 vocabulary development

Abstract While research on second language (L2) vocabulary development after a study abroad (SA) experience has been largely investigated, findings are still not clear-cut because of the multifaceted nature of vocabulary and the different methodologies used when investigating its growth. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the link between SA and lexical development. A multilevel meta-analysis including 25 studies was conducted to examine the extent to which overall, receptive vocabulary (RV) and productive vocabulary (PV) are impacted by a SA experience. A second objective was to determine whether length of stay (LoS) in the target country has an effect on L2 vocabulary development. Results showed that international stays have a significantly large impact on RV and overall vocabulary and a significantly moderate impact on PV. The analysis also showed that LoS alone cannot be used as a predictor of gains in the students’ L2 vocabulary.

Do metaphors help or hinder second language vocabulary acquisition?

The use of non-literal language and its influence on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition is a widely debated topic. This article focuses specifically on the role of metaphors as an example of non-literal language and a pragmatics related phenomenon, beginning with how conceptual and enactment-based metaphor awareness can support L2 vocabulary acquisition. Opposing arguments suggesting that metaphor may hinder L2 vocabulary learning are also explored, such as the role of an individual’s first language (L1), along with insufficient vocabulary size and depth. Implications for both L2 vocabulary research and practice are discussed before reaching an overall conclusion.

Use of human–computer interactive games for the dynamic assessment of language skills of children with autism spectrum disorder

AbstractThis study explored the influence of the dynamic assessment of human–computer interactive games on children's language potential. Thirty‐seven special children aged 3–7 years were selected to participate in the study. They were divided into three groups according to their scores on the Autism Behaviour Checklist: (1) a non‐autism group, (2) a suspected autism group and (3) an autism group. In two stages of static and dynamic assessment, all three groups of children completed language tests under the conditions of no mediated prompt and mediated prompts, and the data generated in the game interactions were processed and analysed. The findings suggest the following: (1) static assessment may ignore children's language potential, while dynamic assessment can measure and differentiate children's potential language development ability; (2) children with ASD need more mediation prompts and are more likely to complete tasks with explicit mediation prompts; (3) children with ASD have weaker language potential, and children with suspected ASD or non‐ASD children have homogeneous language potential; and (4) assessors should pay timely attention to and maintain children's learning status and psychological changes. This study demonstrates the importance of human–computer interactive games as a dynamic assessment tool to tap into children's language potential and to determine their proximal developmental zone, which has important implications for teachers in understanding groups with different language abilities. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about the topic? The traditional language assessment paradigm (static assessment) can only evaluate the learners' current language development ability, while the short‐term development potential may not be observed. Different prompts in the mediation strategy can be used as a quantitative assessment paradigm in dynamic assessment. Much of the dynamic assessment in children with ASD focuses on language vocabulary learning outcomes and lacks measurement or quantification of language potential. What this paper adds? Presents a method for the dynamic assessment of a human–computer interactive language game suitable for children aged 3–7 years with ASD. Quantifies the potential level of language skills in children with varying degrees of ASD. Objectively and dynamically compares differences in language development potential between different groups. In dynamic assessment, children's learning status and psychological changes should be paid attention to and maintained in time. Implications for practice, research or policy This paper provides a concrete example of how human–computer interactive games can be used to dynamically assess the language potential of children with ASD. These findings highlight the importance of progressive scaffolds (mediated prompts) in children's language learning, which can help children identify and solve problems in a timely manner. For educational developers, language intervention materials should be prepared in a way that encompasses the different levels of language skills of children with different disabilities, that is, within the individual's zone of proximal development.

Modern phraseology of the English language: the world of fantasies, dreams and hallucination

The article examines phraseological units of modern English from the perspective of expressing the meaning of dreaming, fantasizing and making things up. Examples of the use of phraseological units from modern English dictionaries served as empirical material. The relevance of the study is due to the emergence of a secondary nominative meaning for the word hallucinate for the purpose of further analysis of phraseological units and their possible similarity in meaning. The object of study in the article is phraseological units used in the examples presented in dictionaries to correlate the original meaning of the verb hallucinate with the presented phraseological units. The subject of the study is the communicative and pragmatic functions of the received phraseological units to describe dreams, fantasies and inventions in a state of conscious and unconscious. The purpose of the work is to study and analyze the received phraseological units. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the quality of the material (modern phraseology and vocabulary of the English language), as well as the analysis of the relationship between the meaning of the word hallucinate and the presented phraseological units. The main research method is an inductive approach to the analysis of empirical material, in which conclusions are based on the analysis of specific phraseological units. To identify derivational transformations in the structural-semantic organization of phraseological units, the work uses structural-semantic analysis. The result of the analysis reveals a number of phraseological units, the meaning of which does not correspond to the original meaning of the word hallucinate. However, one phraseological unit has been identified which can be considered as a synonym for the word hallucinate. This study contributes to the development of the study of phraseology of English, its enrichment, as well as its understanding in a broad approach.

Examining the effects of two cognitive styles (field dependence vs. field independence) on learners’ mobile-assisted vocabulary acquisition

Abstract Learners with different cognitive styles (here, field dependence vs. field independence) may learn second language vocabulary differently in different vocabulary learning settings. Although cognitive style has been widely studied in second language research, little is known about how field dependence/independence affects learners’ vocabulary acquisition in a mobile-assisted learning setting. One approach to solve this problem is to investigate the possible effect(s) of field dependence/independence on learners’ short-term vocabulary recall in a mobile-assisted vocabulary acquisition setting (here, Memrise). To investigate such effect(s), this study adopted a pretest-posttest design involving 147 intermediate-level learners of English as a second language. Using the Group Embedded Figures Test, participants were divided into two groups: field dependent and field independent learners. For 4 weeks, both groups practiced and reinforced a set of English vocabulary, selected from the Vocabulary Level Test, through Memrise flashcards. Our findings reveal a post-intervention improvement among both field-dependent and field-independent learners, but with field-independent learners slightly outperforming their counterparts in the short-term recall of the vocabulary. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Developing Indonesian Vocabulary Through the Application of the Mind Mapping Method in Children

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of implementing the mind map method in improving the Indonesian language vocabulary skills of children in Group B at Kindergarten School Al Khairiyah Kota Bandar Lampung.
 Methodology: This research uses qualitative methods with classroom action research as the main tool to teach Indonesian vocabulary to 19 group B children at Al Khairiyah Kindergarten, Bandar Lampung City with total sampling. Data collection, namely observation, documentation and analysis, was carried out to assess the impact of the method on vocabulary acquisition.
 Main Findings: In Cycle 1, the mind map method was applied in two meetings with a focus on the theme of food and drink, resulting in an increase in Indonesian vocabulary. Cycle 2 continued this approach with improvements to the clothing theme lesson, which resulted in significant improvements in students' understanding and response to the material. Overall, the application of mind map method proved effective in improving the Indonesian vocabulary skills of Group B children at Al Khairiyah Kindergarten, Bandar Lampung City.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to the field by demonstrating the effectiveness of the mind map method in improving vocabulary acquisition among young learners. This research is offers practical insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to language teaching and learning, which have the potential to advance pedagogical practices in early childhood education.

Peran Guru dalam Menangani AUD yang Mengalami Gangguan Keterlambatan Berbicara (Speech Delay) di PAUDQU Al Falah

This research aims to find out the role of teachers in dealing with young children who experience speech delay at PAUDQU Al-Falah. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, namely by describing what researchers do during observations, interviews and observations. The data collection techniques used were observation and interviews by asking questions that had been prepared. After the data was obtained from observations and interviews, descriptions and analyzes were carried out regarding what was obtained. The results of the research show that the teacher's role in overcoming speech barriers includes: speaking clearly by showing correct hand movements and articulation, repeating simple words and paying attention to the grammar of what is spoken, training children to speak correctly repeatedly and slowly when speaking. always pay attention to the language vocabulary used by the child or spoken by the child, children speak every time in any situation by controlling, correcting what the child says when the child makes a mistake in pronouncing the vocabulary accompanied by their parents or someone close to them.

Teaching English Using Flashcards to Improve Elementary School Students’ Vocabulary

Acquiring new English words is a challenge for students because they commonly need to learn to use the words in their daily lives, which are dominated by their first language for communication. Flashcards are instrumental in facilitating their vocabulary learning. This research examined flashcards' use in teaching and learning English language vocabulary. This research used a quantitative approach with an experimental design. The data was collected by asking students to do a vocabulary test before and after the treatment. The object of this research was fourth-grade students in a private primary school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results indicated that the student's English vocabulary level on the pre-test was at the intermediate level, which showed a mean score of 52.20. Meanwhile, on the post-test, the student's English vocabulary level was at an advanced level, showing a mean score of 77.60. In addition, the Wilcoxon test showed that the p-value of asymp.sig.2tailed was 001. It means that the students’ English vocabulary significantly improved after being taught using flashcards. It indicates that the hypothesis that flashcards have significantly improved students' vocabulary was accepted.

Role of Word Formation in the Development of Lexicon of Pakistani English

Pakistani English is a non-native variety of English that emerged by the amalgam of British Standard English and native languages of Pakistan. It is one of the varieties of World Englishes that is globally recognized. It has its own morphology, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics. It includes vocabulary and linguistic elements of local Languages with cultural norms, values, and tradition of Pakistani society. This paper explores the role of word formation in the development of the lexicon of Pakistani English. It provides insights into the processes such as compounding, affixation, loan translation, hybridization, and conversion by which words emerge and integrate into the lexicon of Pakistani English. It also investigates sociolinguistics factors such as culture, register of Islam and impact of local languages that contribute to the development of the unique variety of Pakistani English.

Enhancing Speaking Skills through Storytelling: Perspectives of ESL Teachers from Northern Sindh

This qualitative study investigates the effectiveness of using storytelling as an educational strategy to improve spoken English abilities among secondary ESL students. The research, which was conducted in a Government High School in Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan, used semi-structured interviews with seven ESL teachers to gather ideas directly from practitioners. The findings indicate that storytelling has a favorable impact on students. Through the storytelling approach students’ engagement increases, and they improve their vocabulary and fluency in the English language. Furthermore, students gain speaking confidence and better pronunciation. Limited resources, access to storytelling resources, and difficulty managing overcrowded classes were the most identified challenges by the teachers. The study's recommendations include resource distribution, class size control, and teacher professional development. The study adds significantly to literature by emphasizing the practical benefits of storytelling in ESL instruction, delivering context-specific insights, and making targeted recommendations for creating a successful learning environment.

Penggunaan Aplikasi Duolingo Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Berbantuan Aplikasi Capcut

This program aims to see the use of the Duolingo application in increasing literacy with the help of the Capcut application. The implementation of PkM at SMA 37 PGRI BATANGKUIS uses a digital literacy approach method through the Duolinggo application assisted by the CapCut application. Where the implementation of PkM aims to overcome the problem of insufficient literacy in order to increase students' literacy in understanding foreign language vocabulary (English). The implementation method that we have developed involves active collaboration between the PkM team and the school, especially the students of SMA 37 PGRI Batangkuis. From the results of this PkM implementation, it can be concluded that the community service program which utilizes the Duolingo and CapCut applications for SMA 37 PGRI BATANGKUIS students has had a positive impact, including: Community service program which utilizes the Duolingo and CapCut applications for students of SMA 37 PGRI BATANGKUIS managed to increase their literacy significantly. Pre-test and post-test data show consistent improvements in students' reading, writing and speaking skills after participating in this program. The integration of the Duolingo application effectively enriches students' foreign language skills, while the use of CapCut provides an additional dimension in the development of students' multimedia skills.

The Implementation Of Song Using Game Media To Improve Vocabulary Teaching In Islamic Senior High School: A Case Study At Islamic Senior High School In Ciamis

The study also connects the implementation of songs in a game to increase students' English vocabulary mastery skills. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the student’s motivation in learning English vocabulary. Mainly, the study is aimed to find out 1) elements influence students' willingness to listen to songs as a means of learning English; 2) the way the students acquire vocabulary knowledge related to students writing achievement in English subjects; and 3) teacher's opinion about the use of song using game media in the classroom. The study employs the qualitative paradigm with the type of case study at which the data were collected through observation and interviews. The participants of this study are students of class XII (11 students) in an Islamic Senior High School in Ciamis. The results show that there are elements influence students' willingness to listen to songs as a means of learning English such as facilities and infrastructure in schools and subject matter related to the media being taught. Meanwhile, the majority of 9 out of 11 students are correct in writing lyrics with good English vocabulary, with an average of 70% of the total vocabulary of the lyrics that the teacher has played. This means that the students’ vocabulary knowledge can be related to students writing achievement. The result of interview suggests that song using game media is effective in enhancing students’ English language vocabulary and writing abilities. It is to say that students' vocabulary increases after learning English with songs using games as a medium of learning.

The facilitative effect of the keyword mnemonic on L2 vocabulary retrieval practice

Keyword mnemonics and retrieval practice are two learning strategies that facilitate foreign language vocabulary learning. This study examined the combination of these strategies for learning English L2 vocabulary with a limited retrieval time. We recruited 110 Chinese college students studying English as a foreign language to investigate the effects of four learning strategies on the retention of English–Chinese word pairs: restudy, retrieval practice, imposed keyword mnemonic combined with retrieval practice, and induced keyword mnemonic combined with retrieval practice. The results revealed that when retrieval practice was constrained to two times, the final performance of the retrieval practice group did not exceed that of the restudy group; however, the combined keyword-retrieval group outperformed the restudy group, regardless of whether the keyword was imposed or induced. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in memory retention performance between the induced and imposed keyword-retrieval combinations. The findings suggest that when retrieval practice is constrained to two times, the keyword-retrieval strategy combination significantly enhances English L2 vocabulary learning compared to restudy or retrieval practice alone, and both the imposed and induced keyword mnemonics can strengthen its efficiency.

“A drink for the Soul”: the Coffee tree and Coffee as a Symbol of the Arab National Mentality

In the complex geopolitical situation of the beginning of the twenty-first century and with the change of the vector of interests towards the countries of the East, attention to all aspects of the life of the peoples of these states is increasing due to the urgent need to understand their cultures, lifestyle, and the world around them. These peoples are increasingly active in the international arena, their role in various fields is becoming more noticeable, and it is important to interact with them at various levels. To do this, it is necessary to know what this people live by, what their priorities are, what is important or secondary for them. The complexity of intercultural communication lies in the fact that the national character and mentality of representatives of different linguistic cultures is based on the existing realities of a particular people’s life, its moral values and attitudes, through which various ethnic communities identify themselves and fix their place and purpose in this world. Symbols and images reflecting these ideas take either a material or verbal shell and convey an ethnic picture of the world of a particular people, which is completely different from the ideas of other ethnic groups about what surrounds them. To understand a representative of another linguistic consciousness, it may not be enough to master the vocabulary and grammar of a foreign language. Significant elements of the language in their semantic part also contain an extra-linguistic component, so-called “background knowledge”, which can be gleaned from the history, mythology, literature, and folklore of the people with whom we are interacting. This extra-linguistic component, according to the author, is of great importance for understanding national mentality and national character. It helps to identify other driving forces of the actions of different peoples in the process of intercultural communication, along with their political and economic interests. In this article, the author considers one of the symbols of the national mentality of the Arabs – the coffee tree and its derivative – the coffee drink, which plays an important role in creating a national collective portrait of Arab society. She also attempts to show how and why they occupy such an important place in the Arab national consciousness.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING OUTCOME BY USING FREERICE

Language's vocabulary plays a significant part in the process of communication, both verbally and in writing. Both the daily world and the world of education need it. This study was carried out based on the problems of students that have difficulties in memorizing vocabularies. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Freerice as a learning medium can improve the students’ vocabulary learning outcome at SMP N 4 Medan at the seventh grader in academic year of 2022/2023. The research was conducted with using a mixed-method. Meaning that the data collected quantitatively then will be explained qualitatively. The data instruments were questionnaires and tests. The participants were all students from class VII-2, and they are 30 students in total. Which the 25 of them did the questionnaire and 5 of them did the test. The questionnaires are 10 items and were constructed based on Likert Scale. The questions are close-ended type. Meanwhile, the tests were gathered quantitatively and will be done twice before/after the use of Freerice to the students’ vocabulary learning outcome. The result showed that the students’ learning outcome is improved using Freerice as a medium to learn vocabulary.

CHANGES IN LANGUAGE USE OF JAVANESE WEDDING IN PRESERVING KAWI LANGUAGE IN KENDAL, CENTRAL JAVA

A qualitative research that explained the linguistic phenomena in Kendal Regency, Central Java. The data sources were divided into two: primary and secondary. The primary data resource was a video recording of Pambiwara speeches in Javanese weddings, while the secondary data was in the form of library documentation and Javanese wedding. The purposes of this research were: (1) to describe the changes in language use of Javanese wedding in preserving Kawi language in Kendal, Central Java, (2) to describe the facts of Kawi Language use in Javanese wedding by Pambiwara, and (3) to observe changes and modifications in the language use of Javanese wedding for the maintenance of the Kawi language of Pambiwara. The Pambiwara produced 2000-3000 vocabulary words. Based on the average number of words issued by the Pambiwara in a Javanese wedding ceremony, the percentage occurrences of the Kawi language vocabulary also varied. It could also be seen that there were changes and modifications of the order of Javanese marriages into a more concise and simpler order used by Pambiwara to use Prasaja Javanese which belonged to simple and easy to understand Javanese language.
 Keywords : Javanese wedding, kawi language, pambiwara.

Digital Culture and Using Social Media Posts in Foreign Language Learning

The purpose of the paper is to show how technology can be used to make attractive the learning of a foreign language. Social media posts about vocabulary in various foreign languages, for instance, as well as short conversational phrases, could be used to replace the traditional drill types of exercises. Videos that are present could be used to replace the traditional listening exercises. The social media posts could be used as additional material to what is used during class. It is assumed that social media is part of students’ lifestyle, and that learning foreign languages is adapted to modern life.