Language Vocabulary Research Articles

Особенности употребления иноязычных терминов в тюркских языках (на материале казахского, турецкого, азербайджанского, узбекского и башкирского языков)

This article examines the process of borrowing, adaptation and peculiarities of the use of foreign language terms in the Turkic languages.The study was conducted on the material of modern Kazakh, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek and Bashkir languages.As a result, the main features of the use of foreign-language terms in the Turkic languages under consideration are highlighted:use with preservation of the form of the source language or interlingua; translation of foreign language terms using native words of Turkic languages;the use of terms in accordance with the phonomorphological features of the Turkic languages;the original formation of the Turkic languages.It has been determinedthat one of the main factors in the use of foreign language terms in the Turkic languages is the extralinguistic factor.Namely, the use of foreign language terms in the Kazakh, Uzbek and Azerbaijani languages while preserving the form of the source language or interlingua can be explained by the fact that these states were part of the former Soviet Union, and the Bashkir people are still part of Russia and influence on them The Russian language was (and remains) strong.Türkiye, with a completely different political system, avoided a similar fate.As is known, in Türkiye, measures to preserve the national language began a long time ago.Under the strict supervision of Ataturk, many of the measures taken during the “language revolution” that began in 1928 and swept the whole country were aimed at cleansing the Turkish language of elements borrowed from Arabic and Persian. The purpose of the work is to identify the peculiarities of the use of foreign terms in the vocabulary of the Turkic languages under consideration. The method of collection, systematization, analysis, comparison of data, comparative historical method, classification and interpretation were chosen as the research method. The relevance of this article is to consider the features of the development and adaptation of foreign language terms in the Turkic languages under consideration.

The Nominalization of the Adjective – a Continuous Phenomenon in the Romanian Language Vocabulary

The Nominalization of the Adjective – a Continuous Phenomenon in the Romanian Language Vocabulary

Automated Sign Language Vocabulary Assessment: Comparing Human and Machine Ratings and Studying Learner Perceptions

ABSTRACT Although automated spoken language assessment is rapidly growing, such systems have not been widely developed for signed languages. This study provides validity evidence for an automated web application that was developed to assess and give feedback on handshape and hand movement of L2 learners’ Swiss German Sign Language signs. The study shows good machine-internal and human-machine agreement through many-facet Rasch analysis. Learner perceptions examined through questionnaire responses indicate that the automated system occasionally generated ratings which impacted the quality of feedback at the level of individual signs for individual learners. Implications are discussed from a learning-oriented assessment perspective.

ROLE-PLAYING METHODS IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

This article describes the activities that can be carried out during the application of the role-playing method in teaching a second language. The theory used is Stephen Krashen's second language learning theory. This research is a literature study research. The results of this study describe the activities that can be carried out during the application of the role playing method, namely by listening to a short dialogue and then playing a role. Second, reading storybooks in the target language and then choosing important events in the story to act out. The use of this role-playing game provides a great opportunity for learners to communicate even though they have limited second language vocabulary. Therefore, role-playing encourages students to be brave in communicating, so that it will be easier to understand the second language they are learning. Teachers can use this method in teaching a second language.

A Case Study of Digital Natives Using English Buzzword cue in Vocabulary Capacity in Second Language Acquisition in China: Challenges and Opportunities

In an age marked by rapid advancements in information technology and the widespread use of the Internet, the popularity of Internet buzzwords has become widespread and serves as one of the important forms of popular culture. However, there seems to be scant research on the relationship between popular Internet buzzwords and vocabulary capacity, especially the relationship between the use of Internet buzzwords and the vocabulary of English as a second language. To explore the relationship between the use of Internet buzzwords and English vocabulary capacity, this research will use a case study with 12 different categories of digital natives conducted through focus group interviews and semi-structured interviews to explore the use of specific Internet buzzword cue. The possible outcome is that different types of digital natives will have different views on the use of online buzzwords. Research may need to integrate the use of oral buzzwords in the context of offline to further demonstrate the relationship between the use of Internet buzzwords and the vocabulary of a second language, such as English. The research may shed light on the oral buzzword use in communication. This research focuses on how the specific English buzzword "cue" has developed into an Internet buzzword. Further, it discusses how similar Internet buzzwords have influenced the vocabulary aspects of English as a second language learning by digital natives. The study delves into the challenges faced by these learners and the opportunities presented by the use of such buzzwords in the language learning process". It is expected that this will shed light on the research aspect of internet buzzwords on language proficiency and further research on the impact of internet buzzwords in oral communication.

Pedagogical Conditions of Using Technical Means in Language Learning

Pedagogical conditions of using multimedia technologies are considered in the article. There is an analysis of scientific sources of research on the use of computer tools in the teaching of foreign languages. The effectiveness of modern multimedia technologies in teaching English is proved. Multimedia tools are identified which significantly increase students' motivation and, as a result, the quality of their foreign language training. The article describes the educational conditions of using multimedia in foreign language education. To familiarize students with language vocabulary and structure, or to allow them to practice pronunciation and speaking with native speakers, the use of multimedia content in the classroom could integrate print, video, educational games and the Internet.

Краткая история формирования калмыцкого фонда Восточного отдела Научной библиотеки Санкт-Петербургского университета

Introduction. The collection of manuscripts and printed books in the Oirat Сlear Script, stored at St. Petersburg State University, is of great importance for the study of the history and culture of the Oirats, especially the Kalmyks. Although the collection of books on “clear Script”, stored at St. Petersburg State University, is one of the best in the world, the history of its formation and composition has never been the subject of special research. Meanwhile, this collection was collected by outstanding orientalists of the 19th century, and although the origin of some manuscripts is obscure, this fact does not make them less valuable. Therefore, the main purpose of this article was to find out the history of the formation of the collection to give an overview of the materials contained in it. Results. This collection brought together in the 19th century by the efforts of such outstanding Russian Mongolologists as A. V. Popov, V. P. Vasiliev, K. F. Golstunsky and A. M. Pozdneev. The collection mainly contains Buddhist books. The manuscripts collected by V. P. Vasiliev belonged to the seventeenth son of the Kangxi Emperor (reigned 1661–1722) Yunli (1697–1738) and are mostly unique or very rare. In 1860, K. F. Golstunsky handed over to the university library the manuscript of the “Biography” of Zaya Pandita (Calm C 20), written in gold on dark paper, which became a “calling card” of the Kalmyk Foundation. An important place in the collection is occupied by personal archival materials of scholars G. S. Lytkin and N. A. Lebedev. G. S. Lytkin stayed in the Kalmyk Steppe in 1859–1860 and during this time collected extensive historical and ethnographic materials. N. A. Lebedev was a translator in the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and translated medical writings into Kalmyk from Russian, as well as laws and educational books. Conclusions. The collection of books in Clear Script, kept at St. Petersburg State University, is a collection of the most valuable sources for studying the history of the Kalmyks and their spiritual culture. Buddhist writings make up the bulk of the collection. Russian and Kalmyk parallel texts, as well as Russian texts with Kalmyk translations of separate words and expressions, are valuable sources for studying the vocabulary of the Kalmyk language. Many texts are valuable legal documents date back to the first half of the 19th century.

SPEECH TO SIGN CONVERSION USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Speech to sign conversion is one essential piece of technology that helps the hearing community and the hearing impaired communicate. This paper presents a novel approach utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for speech to sign conversion. The system that is being suggested leverages advanced NLP algorithms to transcribe spoken language into text, which is thereafter converted to sign language. The process involves several key steps: speech recognition and sign language synthesis. The synthesized sign language gestures are generated based on a comprehensive database of sign language vocabulary and grammar rules. The proposed speech to sign conversion system demonstrates promising outcomes concerning accuracy, efficiency, and usability. By harnessing the power of NLP, this technology possesses the capacity to significantly enhance communication accessibility for the hearing-impaired community, facilitating seamless interaction n a number of fields, such as education and healthcare and social communication. Key Words: Speech Recognition, Natural Language Processing, Tokenization, Lemmatization, Parsing.

The Xenology of the Powder Keg of Europe: the Reflection of the Peculiarities of the Friend Oo Foe Dichotomy intThe Balkan Model of the World in the Xenopejorative Vocabulary of the Languages of The Balkan Sprachbund. Articulation of Issue

This article discusses the reflection of the features of the “friend or foe” dichotomy in the Balkan model of the world in the xenologic pejorative vocabulary of the Balkan sprachbund languages: Albanian, Aromanian, Bulgarian, Modern Greek, Macedonian, Romanian and Serbo-Croatian. The author gives a brief review of the historical, cultural and geopolitical specifics of the Balkan-Carpathian region, which influenced the local peoples’ ideas about strangers; some traditional mythological beliefs of the Balkan peoples related to the conceptual field of otherness are also presented. Based on the analysis of the internal history of the word, an attempt is made to define the main models for constructing derogatory names for strangers in order to compare the data for various Balkan languages and, to the extent possible, build an integral image of the concept of alien in the Balkan conceptual worldview. According to the results of the study, the xenopejorative vocabulary of languages of the Balkan sprachbund shows significant similarities both in terms of form and content. Pejoratives with undifferentiated evaluativity predominate, which could account for the richness of the Balkan derivational morphology and a large number of lexical borrowings in each of the languages; pejoratives with an indication of appearance, features of language and peculiarities of behaviour are also widely represented; however, the first are referentially limited, while the second and the third are universal, from which it is concluded that the prototypical Balkan alien is someone who speaks differently and behaves different-y. At the same time, the most common target for pejorative vocabulary in the Balkan languages among all strangers is the Romani people, which is due both to a number of stereotypical ideas about the physical and behavioural features of this ethnic group, and to the historical isolation caused by the nomadic way of life and the closedness of the Romani community from outsiders.

The role of pointing gestures and eye gaze in second language vocabulary learning

ABSTRACT Learning a second language is recognized as a necessity for social, political, and economic development. However, the processes contributing to initial vocabulary learning have not been explicated. In a series of experiments, this study examines the role of deictic gestures and gaze in second language vocabulary learning. Such cues have been shown to be fundamental in first language learning, but their efficacy in second language learning has not been established. In three experiments 435 participants learned pseudowords by watching images of a teacher naming objects placed on a table while systematically manipulating pointing and gaze. Moreover, manipulating the position of the object relative to the teacher (within or out of reach) served to establish the possible importance of these cues as social versus attentional constructs in second language vocabulary learning. Results show that gaze and gesture did not affect vocabulary learning, but object position did. We discuss implications of these results for theories of first language and second language vocabulary learning.

Ile ojca, ile matki jest w polskiej ojczyźnie?

HOW MUCH OF A FATHER, HOW MUCH OF A MOTHER IS THERE IN THE POLISH OJCZYZNA [FATHERLAND]? ONCE AGAIN ABOUT THE ROLE OF ETYMOLOGICAL DATA IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW The author assumes that (1) etymological data are ethnolinguistically relevant, (2) the task of etymological research is to detect the original meaning of a word (to find the original semantic motivation) and to reach a world that disappeared, but, at the same time, remained a part of the present, (3) the focus of the research should shift from formal interests to broadly understood semantics (reconstruction of the conceptualization processes that accompany the nominations and of the linguistic image of the words hiding behind words). Based on this, the author undertakes the analysis of the names for the fatherland in the Polish language. To do this, she compares the Polish lexis and its onomasiological basis with the corresponding vocabulary of other Slavic languages. According to the author, studying the semantics of a whole group of words allows us to discover the basic cognitive situation, i.e. the generalized experience of a specific linguistic and cultural community. Using dictionary data and studies of the concept of the “fatherland” in Slavic languages, the author analyses the names related to the Polish concept of OJCZYZNA: lexical and semantic nests such as “ojczyzna i patria” [homeland and patria], “macierz [“motherland”], “państwo” [“state”] and “kraj” [country], and she extracts the underlying cultural “codes”: (1) kin and family, (2) home, (3) power and dominion, and (4) land. The author also shows the coherence of these codes and the image of the fatherland that emerges from them.

Scope, Strengths and Limitations of EFL Vocabulary Research in Iraq: A Country in Focus

Examining previous research plays a crucial role in informing policy decisions, educational policies, and researchers about present conditions and future endeavours. While the landscape of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) vocabulary research in Iraq remains largely unexplored, this study undertakes a systematic review of existing research to delineate its scope, strengths, and limitations. An analysis of 24 studies meeting established criteria is categorized into four research strands: (1) vocabulary learning enhancement, (2) vocabulary learning strategies, (3) evaluation of vocabulary teaching techniques, and (4) vocabulary learning achievement. Each strand is examined for its characteristics, research designs, strengths, and limitations. Findings reveal that while research in the first strand meets sampling requirements, it often lacks educational foundations, fails to track actual usage, employs inadequate effectiveness measurements, exhibits questionable learning outcomes, faces uncontrollable variables, and raises concerns about applicability. Studies in the second strand primarily target university students, sometimes overlook sampling requirements, and neglect participants’ backgrounds and personal variables. Research in the third strand adequately recruits participants but focuses solely on pre-university education, with gaps in research design regarding treatment duration. Studies in the fourth strand exhibit shortcomings in achievement measurement methods. Recommendations and suggestions for future research, derived from this systematic review, aim to address identified gaps and enhance the quality of EFL vocabulary research in Iraq.

Quizlet Transforms Arabic Vocabulary Learning in Education

This study explores the development of language vocabulary learning media for "Darsu Lughah Al Arabiyah" using the ADDIE model. With a focus on enhancing Arabic language education, we found a gap in effective vocabulary learning tools. We aimed to develop and evaluate a Quizlet-based vocabulary learning media. Through analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages, we transitioned from identifying the need for improved methods to implementing a technology-based solution. Results showed positive evaluations from media and material expert validators, with 88% and 96% approval rates, and 81.01% of students responded positively. Our findings suggest Quizlet media's suitability for Arabic vocabulary learning, with implications for future language education practices. Highlight: Enhanced Learning: Quizlet improves Arabic vocabulary acquisition in educational settings. Structured Development: ADDIE model ensures systematic creation and evaluation of materials. Positive Response: Students engage positively, indicating Quizlet's effectiveness in language learning. Keywords: Arabic language education, Vocabulary learning media, ADDIE model, Quizlet, Educational technology

Using Quizlet and Brain Quiz in ESP virtual classroom at technical university (CEFR level B2/C1)

Importance. The use of game design features in educational activities, or gamification of learning, is a popular, albeit contentious, trend in the field of education right now. This research applies gamification as a strategy to enhance inner motivation and learner autonomy in acquiring L2 technical vocabulary of the second language by students at the B2/C1 level in a virtual classroom.Research Methods. The case study uses a two-cycle action research design to assess the difference between learning terminology with and without Quizlet support throughout a spring semester 2022, observes the development of learner autonomy through a survey, and demonstrates the growth of inner motivation reflected by Brain Quiz team scores.Results and Discussion. The paired-sample t-test findings showed a significant difference between the two vocabulary learning cycles. After utilising Quizlet, students’ vocabulary scores on Moodle quizzes increased by 10 to 15 % on average across all grade levels. As part of the evaluation process, the online formative assessment “Brain Quiz” demonstrates that students with higher performance on Moodle quizzes are able to establish more productive teams.Conclusion. The study can contribute to the English Language Teaching (ELT) literature regarding innovative and technological tools that can improve students’ language skills in the 21st century.

The Impact of ChatGPT on the Development of Vocabulary Knowledge of Saudi EFL Students

This research was piloted to systematically compare the impact of ChatGPT-generated exercises versus traditional exercises on Saudi EFL students’ vocabulary size and the strength of word families. It aimed to answer the following questions: 1) To what extent does the integration of ChatGPT-generated exercises impact Saudi EFL students’ vocabulary size of word families? 2) To what extent does the integration of ChatGPT-generated exercises impact Saudi EFL students’ vocabulary size and strength of word families? This research holds significance because it provides educators with empirical results of the impact of ChatGPT’s role and function on the second language vocabulary development process. Sixty male Saudi students at Jouf University were selected by stratified random sampling. The design of this research is experimental. Consequently, samples were randomly assigned to different experimental conditions and groups (i.e., control and treatment groups). Computer-Adaptive Test of Size and Strength, as developed by Laufer and Goldstein (2004), was administered to both groups at the beginning and end of their studies in the IELP course with an interval of four months. The collected results from all participants (N=60) from both groups and in both intervals (i.e., pre-test and post-test) were clearly and concisely imported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was conducted. Results revealed that Saudi EFL students’ vocabulary development improved significantly in both groups. However, participants in the experimental group who experienced ChatGPT-generated exercises notably surpassed that of the control group in terms of vocabulary size and strength of word families.

İNGİLİS DİLİNDƏ LEKSİK VAHİDLƏRİN YARANMASINDA PREFİKSLƏRİN VƏ SUFFİKSLƏRİN ROLU

The Role of Prefixes and Suffixes in the Formation of Lexical Units in English Summary It is an undeniable fact that lexical units belonging to many fields have a special weight in the vocabulary of the language system. In addition, the study of word-formation, which plays an important role in the process of language development at modern times, is one of the issues of interest in linguistics. Scientific and technical progress, the globalization process, and the development of multilateral relations between states have led to the creation of new lexemes, terms and neologisms in the vocabulary of language. The emergence of new terms helps to explain objects or phenomena in a more expressive way, along with the need to create a new concept. Key words: word-formation, productive, context, prefix, suffix

Comparison of teaching methods for the emergence and maintenance of untaught relations in foreign language vocabulary acquisition: A systematic replication.

In a replication of Daly and K. Dounavi (2020), the researchers evaluated the effect of foreign tact and bidirectional intraverbal teaching on the emergence of untaught relations. Three university students learned three stimulus sets through three types of teaching: native-foreign intraverbal teaching (vocalizing Spanish words that refer to a Japanese textual stimulus), foreign-native intraverbal teaching (reversed relation of native-foreign condition), and foreign-tact teaching (tacting a picture in Spanish). The researchers used an adapted alternating-treatments design to assess the differential effect of each teaching condition on the emergence of untaught relations in a foreign language and collected data on response maintenance. The results replicated previous findings that native-foreign intraverbal and foreign-tact teachings were more effective than foreign-native intraverbal teaching despite previous reporting that the maintenance outcomes may be a result of carryover effects.

Iconicity and Gesture Jointly Facilitate Learning of Second Language Signs at First Exposure in Hearing Nonsigners

AbstractWhen learning spoken second language (L2), words overlapping in form and meaning with one's native language (L1) help break into the new language. When nonsigning speakers learn a sign language as L2, such overlaps are absent because of the modality differences (L1: speech, L2: sign). In such cases, nonsigning speakers might use iconic form‐meaning mappings in signs or their own gestural experience as gateways into the to‐be‐acquired sign language. In this study, we investigated how both these phenomena may contribute jointly to the acquisition of sign language vocabulary by hearing nonsigners. Participants were presented with three types of signs in the Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT): arbitrary signs, iconic signs with high or low gesture overlap. Signs that were both iconic and highly overlapping with gestures boosted learning most at first exposure, and this effect remained the day after. Findings highlight the influence of modality‐specific attributes supporting the acquisition of a signed lexicon.

Kekerabatan Bahasa Sasak dan Bahasa Mbojo

Comparative historical linguistic analysis is an approach in knowing the kinship relationship between one language and another. This study aims to determine the kinship between Sasak and Mbojo languages, by making a comparison between Sasak and Mbojo languages based on 200 Swadesh words. there were four informants used in this study to obtain the data, two speakers of Sasak and Mbojo languages respectively. The research instrument was the researcher herself assisted by a work analysis table listing 200 Swadesh vocabularies. This research is a qualitative-quantitative study using interview techniques in the process of obtaining the data. The results were then analyzed using the Lexicostatistical method, after which they were described. The results of this study indicate that Sasak language and Mbojo language are not only geographically close together, but the two languages are also related to one another with a kinship percentage of 19%. This is evidenced by the similarity of vocabulary in both languages. The Sasak and Mbojo languages are thought to have been a single language in 4256 – 3622 AD. Then the two languages, namely Sasak and Mbojo began to separate from their proton language between 2233 – 1599 AD (calculated in 2023). In Sasak and Mbojo languages, several phonemic correspondences are also found, namely /b/ ~ /w/, /t/ ~ /d/, /ʔ/ ~ /ø/, and /s/ ~ /ø/.

Exploring the Effects of Early Extramural English Exposure on the Vocabulary Size of University Students

Research has shown that current informal extramural (out-of-class) activities can be an important predictor of second language (L2) vocabulary knowledge, but less is known about the relationship between language proficiency and activities earlier in life, which could have contributed to L2 acquisition. This exploratory study investigated Norwegian university students’ reported exposure to English through extramural activities at an early age and how this related to their current vocabulary size in L2 English. Participants (N = 40) completed an online survey comprising items from the Vocabulary Size Test (VST) and questions about the earliest extramural activity they felt made an important contribution to their knowledge of L2 English and the age at which they engaged in this activity. Participants’ mean English vocabulary size, as measured by the VST, was 11,246 words, and regression analysis found that the age of reported earliest extramural exposure was a significant predictor for L2 vocabulary size but that the current age of participants was not a significant predictor of VST scores. The results suggest that investigating early exposure to extramural input could be an important avenue for future research.